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1.
隧道施工引起横向地层沉降的随机预测 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
运用随机介质理论推导的横向地层沉降理论公式计算隧道施工引起的横向地层沉降时 ,影响范围角 β和隧道收敛值ΔR比较难以确定。详细分析了这两个参数的确定问题 ,并通过工程实例验证了横向地层沉降理论公式。 相似文献
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地铁双隧道施工引起地表沉降及变形的随机预测方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
地铁施工引起地表沉降及变形的预测和控制是一个有待于深入研究的重要课题。地铁区间隧道大多为近距离的双孔平行隧道,两隧道开挖引起的地表沉降及变形往往相互叠加,导致沉降及变形预测更加困难。以随机介质理论为基础,对预测公式进行了改进,实现了双孔平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降、水平位移、水平变形、倾斜、曲率预测,研发了城市隧道开挖引起的地表沉降及变形预测系统。对多处双孔平行隧道工程进行了理论预测与验证,实测沉降证明了理论方法与预测系统的科学性和有效性。 相似文献
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甬江沉管隧道位于甬江下游河湾处的软土地基上,地基承载力较低,使隧道发生了较大的沉降。此外,甬江严重的淤积及每天2.67 m的潮差对隧道的沉降产生了显著的影响。依据甬江沉管隧道运营期间16 a的沉降监测数据,结合地层条件、潮汐和清淤资料,对该条沉管隧道的长期沉降进行了分析,并提出了基于流-固耦合理论的有限元方法计算沉管隧道的长期沉降,计算结果与监测结果具有较好的一致性。此外,采用上述计算方法分析了影响沉管隧道沉降的3个主要因素（即地层条件、基槽淤积和回淤与清淤）对隧道运营期沉降的影响。分析表明,地层条件是影响沉管隧道沉降的主要因素,软土地基隧道沉降远大于其他地基。潮汐作用会使隧道沉降发生周期性变化,该变化约占隧道运营期沉降的4%～10%。淤积对隧道长期沉降影响显著,但定期清淤只能短时间减小隧道的沉降,使隧道沉降产生周期性变化。上述结论均可为相关工程提供参考。 相似文献
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盾构施工地面长期沉降的神经网络预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于逆传播人工神经网络方法，建立了盾构施工地面长期沉降的非线性预测模型，建立了沉降与诸多影响因素：所处位置、时间、上覆土性参数及盾构施工参数等的关系模型。通过在上海地铁2号线龙东路一中央公园站区间资料的验证，发现与实际比较吻合。 相似文献
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盾构施工引起的固结沉降分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盾构在低渗透性土层中开挖,常常伴随着地表下沉,究其原因为超孔隙水压力消散引起固结沉降的结果。为对盾构施工引起土体的固结沉降进行研究,首先,根据隧道施工前后土体应力的变化值,应用Henkel超孔隙水压力理论,推导了隧道开挖引起的初始超孔隙水压力的计算公式,并采用数值分析方法,考虑了由于土体的固结引起的沉降变形。研究成果应用到上海地铁2号线,根据具体的地质条件进行理论计算分析。结果表明,隧道开挖引起的初始超孔隙水压力最大值位于隧道起拱线处,地表固结沉降预测值与实测值吻合较好。 相似文献
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将隧道周围土体视为均质连续各向同性的饱和弹性介质,采用保角变换的方法将含有隧道的半无限平面映射为同心圆环计算域。根据Terzaghi-Rendulic二维固结理论,建立隧道在不透水的情况下周围土体超孔隙水压力分布的控制方程。然后,采用分离变量法计算得到土体超孔隙水压力分布的解析解,最后,根据弹性理论计算得出隧道中线上方地表固结沉降的计算公式。结合算例,分析盾构施工扰动程度、土体渗透系数、土体弹性模量及隧道埋深等因素对隧道中心上方地表处固结沉降的影响。研究结果表明,地表固结沉降的增加值与隧道外侧初始超孔隙水压力值C0的变化量成正比例关系,施工扰动程度越大所引起的固结沉降越大;土体的渗透系数越大固结沉降速度越快,但土体的渗透系数与最终的地表固结沉降量无关;土体的弹性模量越大,最终的地表固结沉降量越小;隧道埋深越深,地表固结沉降所需时间越长,最终的地表固结沉降量也越大。 相似文献
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交叉隧道施工中新建隧道周围复合地层与间距对既有隧道的沉降影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿海地区特别是广州地区地铁建设多在复合地层中进行盾构施工,开挖引起的地层沉降很难控制,如何防止大面积的地层沉降,保证既有建(构)物安全成为施工难题。基于此,本文提出了复合地层盾构施工的地质概化模型,运用三维有限元方法对交叉隧道盾构施工进行了建模分析,研究了不同的复合地层类型及不同的覆土厚度与间距下,新建隧道盾构正交下穿施工对既有隧道沉降的影响。结果表明,新建隧道在近似均一土层中下穿施工引起的既有隧道沉降最大,上软下硬地层次之,长距离硬岩段最小,沉降随土层弹性模量的增加而减小;同时,既有隧道沉降随覆土厚度的增加而增大;随隧道间距的增大而减小,当间距小于2倍衬砌外径时,既有隧道沉降较大,存在损坏的危险。最后,提出了相应的沉降控制对策。 相似文献
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地震作用下邻近地裂缝带地铁隧道工程场地地表沉降研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探讨地震和地裂缝耦合作用下位于地裂缝上盘的地铁隧道顶部地表沉降规律及其对附近建筑物的影响,以邻近穿越地裂缝场地的西安地铁3号线为工程背景,利用FLAC3D有限差分软件,结合理论分析,对西安人工地震波、El Centro波和Kobe波三种不同地震波作用下邻近地裂缝带地铁隧道建设场地地表沉降问题进行了研究。结果表明:地震作用下,隧道顶部一定范围内的地层沉降量显著大于其周围地层,形成宽度约9~16 m的沉降凹槽;El Centro波作用下沉降凹槽的宽度最大,约15.9 m,超越概率为10%的西安人工合成地震波次之,约11.6 m,而Kobe波作用下沉降凹槽的宽度最小,约9.5 m;隧道上覆地层沉降凹槽的沉降规律符合peck公式;隧道顶部约20 m范围内场地地表受地震和地裂缝耦合作用影响最强烈,沉降最大。 相似文献
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V.I.STAROSTIN O.G.SOROKHTIN 《地学前缘》2004,11(1):225-235
现有的矿产资源分布资料可以说明地球历史中亲铁和亲铜元素成矿的一般规律。铁矿床在元古宙地核分离之后最为发育。除个别显著成矿高峰外 ,金的储量分布与铁类似。亲铁元素矿物的成矿潜力在古元古代也最大 ,以后逐渐降低 ,只是在显生宙 ,因地壳的再循环和古老矿床中矿石物质的活化而再次增大。元素的行为则完全不同 ,在前寒武纪时期它们的活动性为中等。亲铜矿物矿床的总量 ,在显生宙因再循环而达到最高 ,亲铜矿物矿床成矿能力较之亲铁矿物强得多 ,因为硫化物比铁金属氧化物更为活泼。地球演化的旋回性表现为超大陆形成的周期性 ,它与矿产的分布颇为一致。铁矿、亲铁元素和金成矿作用的突然激增 ,显然是在超大陆形成之后 ,并且与其早期裂解的脉动相对应。亲铜元素堆积的高峰期往往与超大陆的形成期相对应。尽管亲铜元素成矿的第三次脉动与中生代古陆 (Mesogea)的形成并不一致 ,但却与劳亚古陆及冈瓦纳古陆的裂解相一致。此种成矿堆积现象可以借助地幔内非稳态化学密度对流所诱发的地壳发展周期性来解释。根据超大陆形成的周期性推断地幔对流巨旋回的主期应为 80 0Ma ,此种周期性亦反映了具原始地幔印记的亲铁、金和亲铜元素的聚集作用过程。因此 ,地球圈层中地幔对流作用的周期性亦显著地控制了包括地幔 相似文献
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本文研究了位于鄂皖边境的郯-庐断裂带南段尾端地区的构造变形特征,通过野外实际工作,结合地球物理、遥感资料的分析与应用,对这条巨大平移断裂尾端的变形情况进行了初步的探讨,提出四种位移调整模式,并通过实验研究来认识平移断裂尾端的应力分布状态,以及应力与应变的相互关系。文中还就郯-庐断裂带的南延问题提出了讨论。 相似文献
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中国扬子海盆奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
<正> 近年来,奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件的研究,越来越为人们所关注。Raup和Sepkoski(1982)认为,在晚奥陶世大约有22％科的生物绝灭,是显生宙生物集群绝灭5个最大幕之一。这次事件造成了所有海洋无脊椎动物的分异度和丰度的降低。Brenchley(1990)把晚奥陶世绝灭的若干类群的重要变化作了如下概述:阿什极尔中期的38科三叶虫,仅有14科存活到志留纪;在或接近奥陶-志留系界线,有13科腕足类绝灭,27科穿 相似文献
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Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu-Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
WU Ganguo ZHANG D LI Dongxu ZHANG Xiangxin SHAO Yongjun ZANG Wenshuan WANG QunfengKey Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Exploration China University of Geosciences 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):492-502
The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral-cluster district in the middle-lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi-Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton, 相似文献
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In March and April 1972, 380 gravity stations were established in the T.F.A.I. The data were reduced to Bouguer anomalies of 5 mGal isolines. Qualitative and quantitative interpretation based on the gravity map, on seismic data and on the magnetics and physiography of the area revealed that: The crust of the Gulf of Tadjura and the central part of the T.F.A.I. is strongly oceanized and is the direct continuation of the Sheba Ridge.To the north of the Gulf, at the Dankali Mountains, the crust increases in thickness and most probably contains sialic fragments, indicating the continuation of the Danakil Chains in the T.F.A.I.To the south, the structure is bordered by a continental block, the Aysha Horst. The oceanization is concentrated only in the area of deep injections, marked by gravity maxima, whereas the rest of the area is to be described as sub-continental. The crust is attenuated from south (Aysha Horst) to north (Red Sea), from 30 to 15 km in thickness.The pattern of the gravity anomalies shows clearly liniations only along the coasts of the Gulf of Tadjura and the Straits of Bab el Mandeb. Inland the field breaks up into relative minima and maxima, indicating the fragmentation of the crust and the ‘triple junction’ nature of the area.The tectonic process is that of extension, with normal faults having maximum displacements at the northern border of the Gulf of Tadjura.The uppermost mantle has low velocity and density values due to thermal processes in the expanding zone. The state of the upper-mantle material must be that of partial melting due to high temperatures of the order of 800° to 1,000° C at about 15 km depth. 相似文献
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水位涨落作用下藕塘滑坡响应特征模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藕塘滑坡是三峡库区结构复杂的巨型古滑坡之一,由多个次级滑体和滑面组成,大坝蓄水运行以来,滑坡出现复活迹象,对周边数千人的生命财产安全构成威胁。为明确藕塘滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征、变形破坏模式和机制,以物理模型试验为手段,通过制配滑坡模型试验材料,精确控制试验中库水位涨落条件,实现了藕塘滑坡变形失稳过程试验模拟,并从试验角度探讨了藕塘滑坡响应特征和力学机制。得到以下结论:库水涨落速度越快组成滑坡的3个次级滑坡产生的变形越大,库水位下降造成的滑坡变形明显大于库水位上涨和稳定状态;库水位涨落影响主要集中于第一期次滑坡区域,当库水位快速下降时第一期次滑坡坡脚局部发生牵引式崩滑的风险大;第一期次滑坡变形造成其后的第二期和第三期次滑坡稳定性下降,随之发生变形;藕塘滑坡为动水压力型滑坡,滑坡在库水位涨落作用下发生整体沿基岩面滑移破坏的可能性不大,变形失稳模式表现为第一期次滑坡前缘的局部崩滑。试验揭示了该类滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征和变形破坏机制,可为类似滑坡的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Yu.M. Scheinmann 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(1):21-37
The composition of residual matter after the segregation of the crust from the mantle is calculated. The most probable components of the mantle: garnet-peridotitic, pyrolitic and chondritic, were taken into consideration and the continental, oceanic and olivine-tholeiitic crust segregated from them. The probability of the existence of each of the proposed mantle types may be estimated as based on the obtained residual matter. It is established that the hypothesis of the pyrolitic mantle is the most acceptable.A comparison of the compositions of the continental and oceanic crust makes evident that there exist two types of differentiation processes in the upper mantle. One of them leads to the development of continents, the second of the oceanic areas. In the first case the partial melting in the mantle and the ascent of magma are accompanied by an additional evacuation of silica (?) and especially of potassium. This rise of supplementary light substance embraces the depths as great as 1000 km or more. In the case of oceanic crust such an additional rise of matter is absent since there only partial melting in the mantle takes place and accordingly the depth of the differentiation is much smaller.The differences in the process of the earth's differentiation may be easier explained if the mantle is assumed to be mobile, instead of an immobile mass. It is assumed that a differentiation of the primary matter of the planet takes place near the mantle-core boundary and that the uplift of the much lighter silicate differentiation is in the asthenosphere. On this level the mantle becomes partially melted and the resultant liquid rises into the crust. This liquid is enriched by sialic substances, particularly by potassium and may be by silica.In the regions where the rise of matter from great depth is lacking, continental crust is not formed, and oceanic crust is born.The above comparison leads in particular to the following additional conclusions: the chemical differences of the continental crust and the oceanic crust do not permit the hypotheses of continenta drift, nor of the spreading of the ocean floor and the transformation of the continental crust into oceanic. All these hypotheses become incompatible with the chemical composition of the crust. 相似文献
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The results of the analysis of long-term radar research of the hailstorms over the central part of the Northern Caucasus are presented. Radar observations which formed the basis of experimental material were carried out continuously from the moment of the first radar echo registration until complete dissipation of the hailstorm. The computerized system of collecting, processing and the analysis of the radar information was used. Time discretization of the radar parameters of the full spatial observation averaged 3 min. Statistical sampling of radar data included 392 hail cells, for each of which the time distributions of the radar parameters both measured and calculated using the computerized system were compiled. Distribution of the hailstorms first radar echo formation zones over the observation region was compiled. Areas with the maximum frequency of the hailstorms first radar echo formation were defined. The hailstorm trajectories were analyzed. Four main types of hail cell trajectories were selected, which included 86 % of the supercells and 64 % of the long-lived multicells. The dynamic parameters of the hail core formation and development were analyzed. The hail storm characteristics of the Northern Caucasus are compared to the hail storms of Mendoza, Argentina, and Alberta, Canada. The bases of the organization of regional hail suppression services which use the rocket technology of cloud seeding are presented. The results of the cloud seeding operations during recent years are shown. 相似文献
19.
用磁性地层学方法讨论西域组的时代 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对塔里木盆地及其周缘地区西域组砾岩的野外调查和磁性地层学研究，及相关层位的安山玄武岩同位素年龄测定等综合分析研究表明：西域组上段记录了松山负极性带下段， ２．５－１．６Ｍａ，上界大约位于奥尔都维正极性事件层位，年龄为１．６７－１．７６Ｍａ。上覆高阶地砾岩层及其下火山岩层年龄为１．４－１．６Ｍａ，西域组下段记录了高斯正极性 相似文献
20.
超覆型库岸老滑坡滑床前缘大多发育一砂卵石层,该砂卵石层的强渗透性将影响滑坡渗流场,从而影响滑坡的稳定性.以三峡库区万州中学老滑坡为例,在确定该滑坡中地下水作用模式为承压水含水层作用模式的基础上,假定砂卵石层的4种不同渗透系数,来研究在库水位波动条件下,滑床砂卵石层渗透性对滑坡稳定性的影响.分析表明,超覆型老滑坡砂卵石层的渗透系数不同,滑坡中浸润线也不同,渗透系数越小,浸润线越低,滑坡中地下水相对库水位的滞后效应越明显;库水位上升阶段、高水位运行阶段和下降初期,万州中学老滑坡各级滑坡的稳定性系数随砂卵石层渗透系数k2的增大而减小;库水位稳定在150 m时,老滑坡整体稳定性随k2的增大而增大,k2的变化对次级滑体和三级滑体的稳定性影响不明显.这对于库区老滑坡的复活和监测预警工程有较强的应用价值. 相似文献