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1.
贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层电子探针研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层进行电子探针研究,发现镍主要赋存于黄铁矿、针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、铁辉砷镍矿、紫硫镍矿、赫硫镍矿;钼主要以"碳硫钼矿"的形式存在。镍钼硫化物多与黄铁矿、白铁矿交代共生,反映矿物经历了不同的成矿阶段。岩石中不仅富集Ni、Mo元素,而且Se元素存在超常富集,可以视为热液作用或生物作用的结果。遵义黄家湾下寒武统Ni-Mo富集层应为海底热液沉积和生物沉积混合成因,其物源较为复杂。 相似文献
2.
热液喷口生物群的研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深海热液喷口生物群的研究已取得了一些进展，其研究内容主要包括两方面：一是现代热液喷口生物群的地理分布、种类划分、生态习性与食物来源及其对海底的依存性等；二是古海底热液喷口生物群化石的个体大小、化学成分、形态分布、矿化方式以及与现代海底生物群的比较。 相似文献
3.
贵州遵义黑色页岩铂族金属富集特点及富集模式 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28
文章通过贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩剖面和矿石的PGE分析以及矿石物相分析，研究了PGE在黑色页岩中的富集特点和富集模式。发现：（1）PGE只在黑色页岩底部Mo-Ni金属层中富集；（2）金属层中PGE富集与Mo、Ni硫化物和黄铁矿呈正相关关系，与总碳（C总）代表的有机质和炭质无关，矿石PGE含量随硫化物总量呈增高的趋势；（3）Mo-Ni-PGE矿石PGE原始地鳗标准化配分曲线呈“W”型，富集高熔点元素Os、Rh和低熔点元素Pt、Pd；黑色页岩和条带状黄铁矿夹层配分曲线略呈Pt、Pd富集型，两者有较明显的差别。因此，Mo-Ni-PGE金属硫化物富集层是黑色页岩沉积早期迅速叠加的一次海底热水喷流沉积作用的结果。 相似文献
4.
贵州天柱-湖南贡溪一带沉积了世界级重晶石矿床,初步探明资源量2.4亿吨。通过野外调查,寒武纪重晶石矿床具有热水沉积特征,如喷流角砾、泉华结构等。此外,在重晶石矿中发现大量的菌藻类化石,类似海底喷口生物群。含矿岩系元素地球化学分析也显示重晶石矿属于热水沉积成因,上述特征支持重晶石属于海底喷流沉积成矿。分析了该区域重晶石矿矿层展布,认为可能存在2个断陷盆地,同生断裂控制矿体展布。基于基底地层富含Ba、S元素特征,认为在岩浆热液作用下,基底地层中Ba、S元素被萃取出来,并沿着同生断裂喷流而出形成重晶石矿,建立了天柱-贡溪一带寒武系重晶石矿成矿模式。 相似文献
5.
贵州遵义地区黄家湾镍钼多金属矿是寒武系底部的黑色页岩型矿床。黑色岩系中微量元素特征显示镍钼多金属矿层的Ni,Mo,Cd,V,Cu,Zn明显富集,而高场强元素Nb,Th,Hf,Zr,Ti亏损。稀土元素显示多金属矿层的艿（Eu）呈正异常,中稀土富集,重稀土亏损。结合镜下观察发现的有机质、红藻囊果与金属硫化物之间密切的共生关系和前人研究结果,分析了黑色岩系镍钼多金属矿的成因,认为镍、钼、铜、锌等金属元素的来源与热液有关,通过生物作用聚集并在缺氧的还原沉积环境下大量堆积,富集形成Ni—Mo金属硫化物矿床。 相似文献
6.
贵州省遵义松林地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍钼多金属层富集U、Mo、Ni、Re、Tl等元素.本文以松林地区镍钼多金属层磷块岩为主要研究对象,在松林系统取样的基础上,开展化学分析、径迹蚀刻、扫描电镜、能谱面扫描、浸出实验等工作.结果表明下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍钼多金属层中Ni、Mo显著富集,达到工业品位,U、Re、Tl明显富集.径迹蚀刻实验揭示铀主要富集于磷块岩碎屑边缘有机碳外带,为进一步确定铀的赋存形式圈定重点观察区.该区镍钼多金属层中铀呈晶质铀矿形式赋存于溶蚀重结晶磷块岩的溶蚀孔洞、微裂隙或微孔隙中,并与中高温热液矿物针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、磷灰石共生.浸出实验采用去离子水、H2 SO4、NaHCO3+MnO2三种介质浸出样品中水溶态、酸可溶态、氧化可溶态的铀.80℃,48 h条件下浸出实验结果显示多金属磷块岩由黑色褪色为浅灰色、灰色,碳质页岩实验前后颜色均为黑色.遵义地区镍钼多金属层及碳质页岩中铀主要以吸附状态或独立矿物形式存在,以类质同象形式存在的难溶铀占比较小.研究认为,该区镍钼多金属层磷块岩中铀以独立矿物形式存在并与中高温热液矿物共生,为揭示扬子陆块东缘陆源裂陷环境下发生海底喷流和热水沉积作用提供新的微观证据. 相似文献
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8.
震旦系留茶坡组-寒武系牛蹄塘组在湘西北地区广泛分布,是重要的铀多金属富集层。文章通过微量元素分析与扫描电子显微镜相结合的技术手段,对凤凰地区黑色岩系微量元素与铀存在形式进行了分析,结果表明：Ni、Mo、V等多金属富集层位基本相同,且多与铀异常层重叠。V/(V+Ni)值为0.66～0.97,U/Th值为3.31～144.75,V/Sc值为28.62～4 155.05,V/Cr值为1.54～25.15,δU值为1.82～2.00,均指示缺氧-硫化环境;凤凰地区Ni-Co-Zn三角图解显示出热水沉积特征,稀土元素分析显示Eu正异常（δEu值为1.12～1.39）和Ce负异常（δCe值为0.32～0.77）,Sr/Ba值小于1,样品发育较多重晶石,结合微量元素特征与重晶石成因,认为沉积过程有海底喷流作用的参与。化学与生物化学作用使得铀多金属初步富集,海底喷流作用带来大量成矿物质,并对前期预富集的矿物溶蚀、萃取,在晶粒间或微裂隙重结晶,形成钛铀矿、紫硫镍矿和辉钼矿等独立矿物,同时在有机质作用下吸附各种多金属元素,形成钒系水云母矿物、硫钼矿集合体和针镍矿等多金属矿物（集合体）,最终固结成岩形成铀多... 相似文献
9.
《矿产与地质》2020,(1)
通过对研究区寒武系底部黑色岩系中微量元素和稀土元素研究分析,认为研究区黑色岩系属于开阔盆地和大陆边缘之间靠近陆地区域的还原环境条件下形成的,黑色岩系为热水沉积成因;区内找钒矿的可能性更大,找钼、镍矿的可能性较小。在亲铁元素中,Co、Ni、Mo元素相对富集,Mo富集程度最大,浓集系数达378.82;在亲铜元素中,Zn、Sb元素较富集,Zn元素浓集系数在0.18～17.25之间,Sb元素浓集系数在3.36～69.11之间;在亲石元素中,Ba、W、U三个元素较富集,Ba元素浓集系数在1.90～28.07之间,W元素浓集系数在130.1～387.40之间,U元素浓集系数在5.91～74.11之间,W元素富集程度最高,其浓集系数最大值达387.40,具有深入研究的意义。 相似文献
10.
湘西北寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湘西北寒武系含矿丰富,在寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中赋存有磷矿、石煤、钒矿、铀矿,并有有色金属钼、镍矿及铂族元素矿物聚集。通过分析总结前人成果资料,探究镍钼矿成矿地质环境条件是在低温环境、有微生物参与及强还原环境中同生沉积,对寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源提出了明确的看法,即成矿物质来源于海底喷流-热水。 相似文献
11.
The molybdenum-nickel deposits in Shuidong District of Nayong County (Guizhou Province, Southwest China) are found mainly in black shale series of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, which is another Mo-Ni-rich region besides Zunyi District (Guizhou province). Our systematic study on the Mo-Ni deposits in Tangjiaba of Nayong reveals that layered coarse-grained limestones, spherical beaded limestones concretions are hosted at the lower seam of the Mo-Ni deposits. Its strong negative carbon isotope anomaly (the carbon isotope value of the coarse-grained limestones varies from ?2.148‰ to 8.223‰) is similar to that in the modern submarine black smoker chimney. The carbon in the coarse-grained limestones from black rock series of Nayong County might be deep source inorganic carbon. The seams, coarse-grained limestones, ore-bearing coarse-grained limestones and the roof and floor of the deposits are characterized by co-variation on the trace element spider diagram, showing good homology. The extraordinary enrichment of Ag, As and Sb resembles hydrothermal sedimentation. Pro-Earth's core elements Se is strongly enriched in Ni-Mo ore-bearing coarse-grained limestones. The ore-bearing rock series has an extremely low Th/U value (0.012–0.19); in the logU-logTh Cartesian Coordinates, the samples of the roof and floor of the deposits and ore-bearing coarse-grained limestones are found in the East Pacific tise; and the samples of coarse-grained limestones are found between the paleo-hydrothermal dedimentary area and the East Pacific tise. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of the Ni-Mo deposits show LREE enrichment, Ce negative anomaly, and Eu negative anomaly (which is supposed to be influenced by the deep magmatic processes in an extensional environment) resembles the rare earth element distribution patterns of the fluid and its sediments in modern submarine hydrothermal system. It proves that coarse-grained limestones is characterized by typical hydrothermal limestones, being closely related with the genesis of Mo-Ni deposits in Nayong County, which provides new evidence for hydrothermal sedimentary genesis of Mo-Ni deposit and negative carbon anomaly in the basal Cambrian on a global scale. 相似文献
12.
Multiple Sources of Metals of Mineralization in Lower Cambrian Black Shales of South China: Evidence from Geochemical and Petrographic Study 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Jan Pa&#;ava Bohdan K&#;íbek Anna Vymazalová Ivana Sýkorová Karel &#;ák Beate Orberger 《Resource Geology》2008,58(1):25-42
Black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in southern China (Huangjiawan mine, Zunyi region, northern part of the Guizhou Province) host regionally distributed stratiform polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐platinum group elements (PGE)‐Au phosphate‐ and sulfide‐rich ores. These are confined to a ≥0.2‐m thick ore horizon composed of mineralized bodies of algal onkolites, phosphate nodules, and sulfide and shale clasts in a mineralized phosphate‐ and organic matter‐rich matrix. Compared to footwall and hanging wall shales, the ore bed is strongly enriched in Ni (up to 100‐fold), As (up to 97‐fold), Mo (up to 95‐fold), Sb (up to 67‐fold), Rh (up to 49‐fold), Cu (up to 37‐fold), Pd (up to 33‐fold), Ru (up to 24‐fold), Zn (up to 23‐fold), Pt (up to 21‐fold), Ir (up to 15‐fold), Co (up to 14‐fold), and Pb (up to 13‐fold). Even footwall and hanging wall black shales are significantly enriched by Mo (21‐fold) and Ni (12‐fold) but depleted in Cr in comparison to average Cambrian black shale. Organic matter is represented by separate accumulations dispersed in the rock matrix or as biotic bitumen droplets and veinlets in ore clasts. Similar organic carbon (Corg) values in an ore bed and enclosing footwall and hanging wall shales of little mineralization indicate that metal accumulation was not controlled only by biogenic productivity and organic matter accumulation rate. Evaporitic conditions during sedimentation of the basal part of the Niutitang Formation were documented by an occurrence of preserved Ni‐, V‐, Cr‐, and Cu‐enriched phosphate‐rich hardground with halite and anhydrite pseudomorphs on the paleosurface of the underlying Neoproterozoic carbonates. Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation are characterized by increased metal concentrations. Comparison of metal abundances in both hardground and Doushantuo black shales indicate that black shales could have become a source of metal‐rich hardground during weathering. The polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE sulfide‐rich ore bed is interpreted to represent a remnant of shallow‐water hardground horizon rich in metals, which originated in a sediment‐starved, semi‐restricted, seawater environment. During the Early Cambrian transgression an influx of fresh seawater and intensive evaporation, together with the hydrothermal enrichment of seawater in a semi‐restricted basin, resulted in the formation of dense metalliferous brines; co‐precipitation of metals together with phosphates and sulfides occurred at or above the oxic–anoxic sediment interface. Metal‐enriched hardground was disintegrated by the action of waves or bottom currents and deposited in a deeper part of the anoxic basin. Contemporaneously with the formation of a polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE‐Au sulfide ore bed, economic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)‐type barite deposits were forming in a stratigraphically and geotectonically similar setting. The results of geochemical study at the Shang Gongtang SEDEX‐type Ba deposit indicate that concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn and other metals decrease from top of the barite body toward the hanging wall black shale. Lower Cambrian black shales of the Niutitang Formation above the barite body also display similar element abundances as Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation, developed in the footwall of the barite body. But the geochemical composition of the sulfide layer is different from the Ni‐Mo ore bed, showing only elevated Pb, Cu, Ni and Mo values. It is suggested that hydrothermal brines at Shang Gongtang might have leached metals from footwall Neoproterozoic sequences and became, after mixing with normal seawater, an additional source of Ag, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Ni, PGE, V and other metals. 相似文献
13.
湖南张家界三岔和贵州遵义黄家湾在下寒武统黑色岩系中发育有镍钼多金属矿床,这是华南乃至全球这类矿床的2个典型实例。通过对其进行系统的矿相显微镜、电子探针以及扫描电子显微镜观测分析,分析了成矿岩系的矿物学特征,并进一步根据矿物结构、组成与共生关系,结合地质背景,讨论了矿床成因。结果显示,非矿层中的金属矿物类型较为单一,主要是黄铁矿;而矿层中发现的矿物种类丰富,主要包括＂碳硫钼矿＂、针镍矿、黄铁矿、胶磷矿等,其中＂碳硫钼矿＂和针镍矿分别是钼与镍的主要赋存形式。认为钼主要来自于海水,镍主要来自于热水（液）流体,矿床为海水-热水（液）-生物复合成因。这些研究结果为此类矿床研究提供了新的矿物学基础研究资料,并且有助于加深对矿床成因的认识。 相似文献
14.
The celebrated early Cambrian Ni–Mo deposits that occur near Zunyi City of Guizhou Province, South China, are hosted in shales. The ore formation has been widely accepted to be related to biotic impact, but direct evidence is still lacking. In the present study of the Huangjiawan ore deposit, organic clots are found to occur widely in the Ni–Mo ore beds, but not in the barren layers. The clots are generally elliptic, with sizes ranging from 200 to 600 μm. The clot morphology is similar to that of modern rhodophyta as reported in the literature. We tentatively interpret the clots as rhodophyte cystocarps. Electron microprobe analysis revealed that the clots have a differential accumulation of Ni and Mo, with Ni in the inner part and Mo in the outer part (of the cystocarp). Our study seems to have provided direct evidence for the biotic impact on the ore mineralization. 相似文献
15.
Total organic carbon content (TOC), trace element and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations were determined in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Nayong area, Guizhou Province, South China, in order to study the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. The results demonstrate that numerous elements are enriched in the polymetallic ores compared to those of the nearby black shale, particularly Ni, Mo, Zn, TOC and total PGE, which can reach up to 7.03 wt.%, 8.49 wt.%, 11.7 wt.%, 11.5 wt.% and 943 ppb, respectively. The elemental enrichment distribution patterns are similar to those in the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie areas except that the Nayong location is exceptionally enriched in Zn. Whereas positive correlations are observed between the ore elements of the polymetallic ores, no such correlations are observed in the black shale. These positively correlated metallic elements are classified into three groups: Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb and Mo–Tl–TOC. The geological and geochemical features of these elements suggest that Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic mafic and ultramafic rocks, dolomites and/or Pb–Zn deposits of the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation and seawater could be the principal sources for Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb, and Mo–Tl–TOC, respectively. Furthermore, the chondrite-normalized patterns of PGEs with Pd/Pt, Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir indicate that PGE enrichment of the polymetallic ores is most likely related to hydrothermal processes associated with the mafic rocks. In contrast, PGE enrichment in the black shale resembles that of the marine oil shale with terrigenous and seawater contributions. Our investigations of TOC, trace elements and PGE geochemistry suggest that multiple sources along with submarine hydrothermal and biological contributions might be responsible for the formation of the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation across southern China. 相似文献
16.
The Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales are widespread across the South China Craton (Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks). However, the trace element distribution patterns of the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in the Cathaysia Block are still unclear. In this study, thirty-four black shale samples in the Lechangxia Group (Ediacaran) and thirteen black shale samples in the lower Bacun Group (early Cambrian) from Guangning area, western Guangdong Province, South China, were analyzed for major and trace elements concentrations. Compared to the upper continental crust, the Ediacaran black shales exhibit strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As with enrichment factor values (EF) higher than 10, significantly enriched Bi and Rb (10>EF>5), weakly enriched Mo, Ba, Cs, V, In, Be, Tl, and Th (5>EF>2), normal U, Cr, Cd, Sc, Pb, Cu, and Li (2>EF>0.5), and depleted Ni, Zn, Sr, and Co. Early Cambrian black shales display strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As, significantly enriched Ba, Bi, and Rb, weakly enriched Mo, Cs, Cd, V, U, Be, In, and Tl, normal Sc, Th, Cr, Li, Cu, Ni, and Pb and depleted Co, Zn, and Sr. Moreover, Se is the most enriched trace element in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales: concentrations vary from 0.25 to 30.09 ppm and 0.54 to 5.01 ppm, and averaging 4.84 and 1.72 ppm, with average EF values of 96.87 and 34.32, for the Ediacaran and early Cambrian shales respectively. The average concentration of Se in the Ediacaran black shales is 2.8 times higher than that of early Cambrian black shales. Se contents in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales exhibit significant variation (P = 0.03). Provenance analysis showed that Se contents of both the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales were without detrital provenance and volcanoclastic sources, but of hydrothermal origin. The deep sources of Se and the presence of pyrite may explain the higher Se contents in the Ediacaran black shales. Similar with the Se-rich characteristics of the contemporaneous black shales in the south Qingling Mountain and Yangtze block, the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in Guangning area, Cathaysia, are also enriched in Se, which may provide a clue for looking for the selenium-rich resources in western Guangdong Province. 相似文献
17.
黔北牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中的矿产特征及找矿远景分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黔北牛蹄塘组为早寒武世梅树村期沉积的一套黑色岩系,其下段（习称＂黑层＂）普遍含镍、钼、钒、铀、磷等多元素矿产,钒分布普遍常赋存于＂黑层＂的简单岩性组合区,而镍、钼富集于＂黑层＂的复杂岩性组合区,磷、铀则不受＂黑层＂岩性组合的控制。本文通过对黔北＂黑层＂含矿组合、合矿性和典型矿床地质特征及岩相古地理环境的分析和总结,认为牛蹄塘组下部＂黑层＂在黔北具较大的找矿空间和找矿前景,进而指出了找矿方向和找矿远景区。 相似文献
18.
湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系是中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系的重要组成部分,富含钒镍钼等多金属元素。文中对湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿进行了微量元素研究,研究区内Ni、Cd、Mo、Sb、V、Zn、W、Ba等元素特别富集,高含量的Sb和Ba表明其为热水沉积;Mo含量极高说明其为缺氧的还原环境;高的V/（V+Ni）、V/Cr、Ni/Co以及δU值表明其沉积环境为缺氧环境;高的 U/Th表明本区有热水沉积作用;稀土元素配分模式、Ce和Eu异常及La/Yb Ce/La和La/Yb ΣREE图解投点表明其沉积环境为还原环境,并有热水沉积作用。可见黑色岩系形成于缺氧环境,热液活动为其提供了丰富的热液来源。 相似文献
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中国南方扬子地区下寒武统黑色页岩分布广泛,主要由黑色页岩、黑色白云质页岩,黑色粉砂质页岩和黑色硅质页岩等组成;并伴生有较厚的磷块岩矿床、钒矿床和镍、钼多元素硫化物矿床。对黑色页岩岩石学特征、元素地球化学特征进行系统研究,并详细分析微量元素的富集成因,结果表明：黑色页岩主要形成于静水还原的浅海-半深海缓坡环境,层状元素富集带为沉积成因,海底热流体提供了丰富物质来源。总体上,Co、Be、Mn、Ga等元素含量较低;Cu、V、Ni、Mo等元素的含量较高,多数超过北美页岩平均值;以Ni、Mo为主的多元素富集层通常位于磷块岩之上,以黑色页岩、黑色白云质页岩中的硫化物和硫酸盐矿物为主要载体,其中有机碳（TOC）含量可达12.2%以上,远高于其他元素富集层,随着页岩内硅质成分增加,Ni、Mo、Fe、Co等元素含量明显降低;以V为主的多元素主要赋存于黑色硅质页岩中的水云母,与页岩内硅质成分具有较好的正相关关系;黑色页岩中稀土元素含量为(76.22~290.67)×10-6,轻重稀土比值LREE/HREE介于1.21~4.22,说明轻稀土更为富集,Sr/Ba值为0.04~0.34,δEu正异常,且北美页岩标准化配分曲线呈现平缓左倾,为沉积过程中存在海底热水流体提供了进一步证据。 相似文献