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1.
Hamzah Muzaini 《GeoJournal》2006,66(3):211-222
Despite the salience of the Second World War in paving the way for Singapore to attain formal independent status in 1965,
it was not until the 1990s that war events were inserted into the state’s narratives, and ‘mapped’ onto its spaces as visible
national fodder to bind citizens together. Since then, memoryscapes in many forms have proliferated over the state’s cityscape.
After tracing the genesis of official war commemorative gestures within Singapore, the paper examines the ways in which Singaporeans
have responded to them. Specifically, the paper argues that, while Singaporeans recognize the importance of remembering the
war as nationally significant, this has not translated into any physical attempt or desire—beyond the discursive—to participate
in the state’s commemorative endeavours. In analyzing factors that may have hindered the actual bodily practice of war remembrance in Singapore, nationalized war memoryscapes are also seen as embodying numerous politics due
to tensions arising from a collision between what the state and its people perceive to be ideal means of remembering and representing
the war within national discourses in the context of the present. 相似文献
2.
Lisa Bhungalia 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):347-357
In September 2007 Israel’s security cabinet approved a ‘hostile entity’ classification for the Gaza Strip and intensified
its economic and diplomatic blockade of this Hamas-controlled region. Taking the ‘hostile entity’ classification as a point
of entry, this paper examines the construction of Gaza as an insurgent zone, a liminal space within which Israel’s executive
discretion has authorizing force. Central to this process, it argues, is a blurring of lines between the civilian and combatant—the
elimination of a purely civilian space. This paper begins with an analysis of the discursive strategies employed to collapse
the space between the civilian body and battlefield in Gaza. It then turns to an examination of socio-spatial practices mobilized
around the ‘hostile entity’ classification, foremost Israel’s sanctions policy, and argues this counter-insurgency strategy
entails regulation and management of the Palestinian body combined with the active subjugation of Palestinian life to the
power of death. Centrally, this paper attends to the relationship between geopolitics and violence at the scale of the (Palestinian)
body. 相似文献
3.
Pakama Queenscious Siyongwana 《GeoJournal》2009,74(4):293-310
The demise of South African Apartheid Planning in 1994 and subsequent lost of Umtata’s capital status when the Transkei was
subsumed into the new Eastern Cape Province resulted in the major political transformation of the Transkei state. Central
to the post-apartheid transformation was restructuring of Transkei bureaucracy which at the time of South Africa’s independence
in 1994 displayed abnormalities. This paper documents the restructuring of the Transkei bureaucracy focusing on Umtata since
1994. The study has brought to the forefront the following facts: Firstly, that at the time of the Transkei merger into South
Africa, employment in the government was ‘booming’ and to greater extent it was affected by Umtata’s role—being the capital
city of the pseudo-Transkei state. Secondly, the post 1994-political transformation of the Transkei Bantustan impacted negatively
on Umtata’s employment notably the civil service sector by ‘squeezing’ it during the early years of democracy (1994–2000).
Thirdly, since 2001, with Umtata serving as the major urban centre of both King Sabata Local Municipality and OR Tambo District
Municipality, employment in the civil service and municipality has been revitalized. 相似文献
4.
Matthew G. Hannah 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):397-406
Ewald’s recent genealogy of constructions of risk in Western societies argues that the 1980s saw an important paradigm shift
to the “precautionary principle”. Critical scholars have taken up this idea as a lens through which to interpret the Bush
administration’s ‘war on terror’. I argue that 11 September 2001 actually brought about qualitative changes to this paradigm.
Bush’s pre-emptive doctrine is driven, and perhaps even more importantly, continually justified to the US population, by what
might be called the “trans-precautionary principle”, a move from “decisionism” to “actionism”, and a new radicalization of
the way fear is produced and managed. Donald Rumsfeld’s famous typology of different articulations of knowledge and ignorance
offers an excellent analytical window onto the connections between ignorance, fear and geopolitical action in this new regime.
In the latter part of the essay, his four modes of knowledge/ignorance are arrayed, for heuristic purposes, in an abstract
spatial grid organized along dimensions of the specificity and possession of knowledge. This allows a ‘mapping’ of some of
the Bush administration’s more controversial strategies in the ‘war on terror’, as a set of different pathways through Rumsfeld
Space. 相似文献
5.
Elizabeth Holcombe Sarah Smith Edmund Wright Malcolm G. Anderson 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):351-385
Despite the recognition of the need for mitigation approaches to landslide risk in developing countries, the delivery of ‘on-the-ground’
measures is rarely undertaken. With respect to other ‘natural’ hazards, it is widely reported that mitigation can pay. However,
the lack of such an evidence base in relation to landslides in developing countries hinders advocacy amongst decision makers
for expenditure on ex-ante measures. This research addresses these limitations directly by developing and applying an integrated
risk assessment and cost–benefit analysis of physical landslide mitigation measures implemented in an unplanned community
in the Eastern Caribbean. In order to quantify the level of landslide risk reduction achieved, landslide hazard and vulnerability
were modelled (before and after the intervention), and project costs, direct and indirect benefits were monetised. It is shown
that the probability of landslide occurrence has been substantially reduced by implementing surface-water drainage measures
and that the benefits of the project outweigh the costs by a ratio of 2.7–1. This paper adds to the evidence base that ‘mitigation
pays’ with respect to landslide risk in the most vulnerable communities—thus strengthening the argument for ex-ante measures.
This integrated project evaluation methodology should be suitable for adoption as part of the community-based landslide mitigation
project cycle, and it is hoped that this resource, and the results of this study, will stimulate further such programmes. 相似文献
6.
Ellen Hostetter 《GeoJournal》2010,75(3):283-298
This paper analyzes racialization—the social construction of ‘race’ as a normative dimension of everyday life—and shows that
emotion plays a central role in this process. My focus is the representation of post-World War II public housing, a key site
of white-black racialization in the United States. Representations of filth, decay, and danger separate African-Americans
from mainstream, white society as disturbingly different. I argue that this particular representation carries heavy emotional
value, specifically that of disgust and fear. It is disgust and fear that racializes this landscape, giving meaning and force
to an ideology that views African–Americans as inherently inferior to whites. Policy is framed by these emotions, impacting
decisions made about public housing. I explore these ideas through contemporary representations of public housing by federal
officials in Washington, DC and by newspapers in Charlotte, North Carolina as well as the federal program HOPE VI. 相似文献
7.
Michael Woods 《GeoJournal》2011,76(4):365-381
This paper examines the local politics through which the reconstitution of rural localities under globalization is advanced
and contested, with particular reference to the impact of international amenity migration. It contends that as globalization
proceeds not by domination but by hybridization and negotiation, local politics is critical as the sphere in which the outcomes
of globalization processes are interpreted and contested. The paper examines the case study of Queenstown Lakes district in
South Island, New Zealand, as a locality that has experienced significant transformation through engagement with globalization
processes. These include high levels of international amenity in-migration, substantial overseas investment in property, commerce
and construction projects, and an increasing volume of international tourists. Collectively, these processes have contributed
to rapid population growth and intensive pressure for the development of rural land in the area. As detailed in the paper,
land use planning became the dominant issue in local politics, with conflict between groups informed by ‘boosterist’ and ‘environmentalist’
stand-points, as well as the ‘aspirational ruralism’ of amenity in-migrants. Although locally-grounded, the conflict engaged
trans-local actors and networks and transgressed space and scale, thus becoming itself an expression of globalization. 相似文献
8.
Susan P. Mains 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):253-264
For some time the US-Mexico border has been a symbol – and site – of conflict, collaboration, and transnational mobility.
Related to the border, the topic of undocumented immigration, and Mexican migrants in particular, has received considerable
attention in US mainstream media. Cinema in particular, provides a context for producing and interrogating discourses of nationalism,
nativism, and fear. The cinematic examples I draw on illustrate an ongoing fear (and terror) about borders and border crossing of various forms. In this paper I explore how narratives of borders and
nationhood are mapped onto immigrant bodies and border spaces through specific filmic representations. In order to undertake
this study I focus on three cinematic examples exploring immigration at the US-Mexico border – Touch of Evil, The Border and Lone Star. I examine how concepts of borders, race, and gender, and tropes of ‘The South’ are reterritorialized around immigrant bodies
and specific locales. I argue that an inability to control and ‘fix’ boundaries around possible ‘threats’ to specific US spaces
and identities is counteracted by displacing this fear onto more easily marked targets that are viewed as posing challenges
to US national (and personal) security, i.e., undocumented immigrants. At the same time, cinematic images illustrate that
the threats and spaces for immigrants themselves become increasingly marginalized, blurred, and frequently erased.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Nature-triggered hazards and disasters have traditionally been treated only from the lens of geophysical and biophysical processes,
implying that the root cause of large-scale death and destruction lies in the natural domain rather than in a coupled human–environment
system. Conceptually, the physical domain has been seen as discrete and separate from human entities, and solutions were sought
in the technological intervention and control of the physical environment—solutions that often ended up being less effective
than hoped for and sometimes even counter productive. At all levels, institutions have directed and redirected most of their
financial and logistical resources into the search for scientific and engineering solutions without allocating due attention
and resources towards the assessment of effects and effectiveness of the applications of such technological outcomes. However,
over the last two decades, forceful criticisms of the ‘dominant’ technocratic approach to hazards analysis have appeared in
the literature and consequently there has not only been a shift in thinking of causation of disaster loss in terms of human
vulnerability, but also newer questions have arisen regarding distinguishing between the ‘physical exposure’ of people to
threats and societal vulnerability, and linking them with propensity to hazards loss.
Though the vulnerability/resilience paradigm has largely replaced the hazards paradigm within the social sciences and much
of the professional emergency and disaster management communities, this shift of thinking has not progressed to much of the
physical science community, decision-makers and the public, who have not yet accepted the idea that understanding and using
human and societal dimensions is equally or more important than trying to deal and control nature through the use of technology.
This special issue is intended to further the idea that the aspects of community and peoples’ power to mitigate, to improve
coping mechanisms, to respond effectively, and recover with vigor against the environmental extremes are of paramount conceptual
and policy importance. 相似文献
10.
Tim Bunnell 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):297-305
Becoming the tallest building in the world in the mid-1990s, the Petronas Towers was the centre piece of an image of national
progress and development that Malaysian authorities sought to project internationally. The release of Fox Movies' Entrapment in Malaysia in May 1999 provoked political outrage and popular disappointment at the way in which the Petronas Towers in
Kuala Lumpur had been spliced alongside riverside ‘slums’ filmed in the town of Malacca some 150 km away. This paper provides
a critical reading of the spliced scene in the movie. At one level, the angry response of the Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr
Mahathir Mohamad, to the scene diagnoses a geopolitics of asymmetrical representational power. However, I show how Mahathir's
criticism of Entrapment in Malaysia was as much a defence of domestic political legitimacy (and national economic investibility) as it was ‘opposition’
or ‘resistance’ to hegemonic ‘Western’ (mis)representation. In addition, while the material and symbolic work of reimaging
Kuala Lumpur had sought to negate (neo)orientalist imaginings of ‘Asian’ cities, the controversial scene rendered visible
environmental ‘underdevelopment’ that has no place in a modern (vision of) Malaysia. Entrapment thus performed something in inducing Malaysian cities and citizens to ‘clean up’ their act, to practice ‘fully developed’
ways of seeing, being and being seen.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Memorial landscapes: analytic questions and metaphors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Over the past two decades, geographers have probed the intersection of collective memory and urban space. Their sustained
interest in the subject reflects an understanding of the social condition of commemoration and the important role that space
plays in the process and politics of collective memory. Along with other critical social scientists, geographers envision
these public symbols as part of larger cultural landscapes that reflect and legitimate the normative social order. A review
of the extant literature indicates that geographers scrutinize memorial landscapes through three conceptual lenses that may
be understood via the metaphors of ‘text,’ ‘arena,’ and ‘performance.’ These metaphors are in turn mobilized through a series
of analytic questions that serve to identify the interests served and denied by landscape ‘texts,’ the ‘arenas’ in which they
are produced, and the ways in which they are enacted via ‘performance.’ This article’s synopsis of the subfield’s predominant
metaphors and its attendant questions contributes to the ongoing cultural geographic project of articulating and implementing
methods for interpreting landscapes as open-ended symbolic systems.
相似文献
| Derek H. AldermanEmail: |
12.
Matthias Kuhle 《GeoJournal》1990,21(3):195-222
The scientific acceptance of presentations of proof is largely dependent upon the parts of mathematical logic upon which they
are based. This explains the trend of introducing quantitative methods into tho disciplines which — due to the historical
dimensions of their subjects — have so far followed a qualitative analysis of character coincidences i.e. a typogenetic form
of reasoning. But the application of reductionistic quantification such as was followed in the GMK 25 project foundered because
of the polymorphic structure of the phenomena. It was this that made geomorphological proof so difficult, since an inductive
basis for general lawful relations can only be provided by regionally detailed observations of complexes with developments
of their own. The application of information theory however e.g. in relation to the glacigenetic Type ‘Bortensander’ or ice-marginal
ramps (IMR) now allows the determination of the probability of the coincidental occurrence of characteristics and a measure
of the probability of the causal nexus upon which this is based. By transposing the basis of induction on to an abstract plane
a high degree of proof of typogenetic arguments in geomorphology may be provided. The quantification here does not count the
elements of the proof directly but is related to the occurrence of those indicators which form the empirically based qualitative
units of the inductive key.
The author gratefully acknowledges the translation of this paper rendered by Cyril A. Halstead, Glasgow 相似文献
13.
Brent Doberstein 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(2):361-377
This article explores whether past exposure to debris flow disasters with a human dimension (e.g. caused in part by deforestation)
results in adaptive hazard mitigation and improved environmental and resource management practices in affected areas. When
guiding hazard mitigation practice, the ‘adaptive hazard mitigation’ approach views mitigation as a multi-dimensional experiment,
with the associated need for post-experiment monitoring, evaluation, learning and adjustment, and attention paid to multiple
scales (Bogardi 2004). This article explores how the concept of ‘adaptive hazard mitigation’ has emerged, linking this ‘adaptive management’ used
increasingly in resource and environmental management. Two case studies of disasters linked to human-induced environmental
change are examined, and the mitigation responses of local communities, NGOs and Government agencies are documented. Data
sources include secondary data (journal articles, web-based disaster reports and grey literature) on each disaster, key informant
interviews (n = 8) and direct observation over the 2005–2006 period of post-disaster mitigation actions implemented after each disaster.
The research indicates that in both case studies, a limited range of hazard mitigation actions was employed, including both
structural and non-structural approaches. However, the research also found that causal factors involving human-induced environmental
change (e.g. deforestation) were not addressed, and overall, the hazard mitigation strategies adopted lacked monitoring, learning
and adjustment. In both case studies, responses to disaster were judged to be examples of ‘trial and error’ adaptation, rather
than either ‘passive’ or ‘active’ adaptation.
相似文献
| Brent DobersteinEmail: |
14.
The notion of community has been central to the political project of renewal of New Labour in the UK. The paper explores how
the discourses of community are framed within New Labour and discusses these in the light of the results from research which
focuses on how people within urban deprived areas construct their community. It draws upon the results of one part of a larger
research project (the ‘Well London’ programme) which aimed to capture the views of residents from 20 disadvantaged neighbourhoods
throughout London using an innovative qualitative method known as the ‘World Café’. Our results show the centrality of young
people to the development of cohesive communities, the importance of building informal relationships between residents alongside
encouraging greater participation to policy making, and the need to see these places as fragile and temporary locations but
with considerable social strengths. Government policies are only partially addressing these issues. They pay greater attention
to formally encouraging citizens to become more involved in policy making, largely ignore the contribution young people could
make to the community cohesion agenda, and weakly define the shared norms and values that are crucial in building cohesive
communities. Thus, the conclusion is that whilst an emphasis of the government on ‘community’ is to be welcome, more needs
to be done in terms of considering the ‘voices’ of the community as well as enabling communities to determine and act upon
their priorities. 相似文献
15.
The binational reality of border-crossing cities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jan Buursink 《GeoJournal》2001,54(1):7-19
In a time of changing border functions city pairs on either side of national state borders have increasingly become objects
of attention, because of border crossing contacts and co-operation at the local level. This paper focuses on conceptual aspects
of such city pairs, owing their existence to either duplication of an already existing city or to partitioning of a once united
city. In search of a proper name that expresses the relations between such partner cities without metaphorical exaggeration,
the current vocabulary is reviewed. Especially the notion of the ‘binational city’ receives critical attention. A discussion
of selected cases of paired cities in Europe and North-America has been included to underline the importance of local conditions
and historical backgrounds with regard to the mutual relations and conditions of co-operation. In conclusion the author states
that for the time being ‘border–crossing’ cities seems to be the best name for city pairs of different national backgrounds,
the emergence of true ‘binational cities’ being a rather exceptional outcome in a far future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Sarah Gall 《GeoJournal》2009,74(6):525-540
The focus on ‘flexible specialisation’ in the 1980s and 1990s marked an important turning point in framings of economic agency
and diversity within economic geography. This article deconstructs the ways in which subjects were framed as ‘flexible’ in
both the flexible specialisation literature and later work on the Diverse Economy (Gibson-Graham 1996, 2002, 2006), seeking out particular examples of the ways in which different projects of subjection appear to frame different views of
economic possibility. Drawing richly on a case study of residents in an inner-city neighbourhood of West End, Brisbane (Australia),
this paper uses resident’s articulations of their everyday practices to reinvigorate some of the ideas of the flexible specialisation
literature and challenge, defamiliarise and rework existing ideas of economic life in “First World”, urban contexts. 相似文献
17.
Ben Mosiane 《GeoJournal》2009,74(6):541-549
This article examines the idea of ‘flexibility’ within the context of a city. It uses the idea of livelihoods to contribute
to the debates on flexibility, particularly on the role that ordinary people play in the transformative potential of cities.
A closer examination of ordinary people’s activities show that although livelihoods are crucial to how they adapt to the changing
social and economic conditions, such activities largely constitute survival strategies. Importantly, and without subscribing
to a paradigm that promotes a city as a closed space, the continuing socio-spatial divisions in the city of Rustenburg, South
Africa underscore the fact that ordinary people’s remarkable resourcefulness occurs under circumstances of marginality. 相似文献
18.
Problems associated with tourism development in Southern Africa: The case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sanette Ferreira 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):301-310
Tourism in Southern Africa is synonymous with the wildlife safari. In the post-colonial era the establishment of so-called
‘peaceparks’ that straddle the borders of states has come to be seen as a key not only to increasing tourism in the Southern
African region, but also to the modernizing of conservation policies and the development of rural economies. This paper focuses
on the global and continental presence of transfrontier conservation areas, the link between conservation and tourism development,
and the current factors that constrain and influence the realization of an ‘African Dream’ — ‘establishment of the greatest
animal kingdom’. The unstable political situation in Zimbabwe and how this negatively affects wildlife conservation and tourism
in the Gonarezhou part of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, serves as a case study.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Laura Jones 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):359-371
Conspiratorial thought has been highly visible in post-September 11th America, manifest through the continued growth of a
public ‘9/11 Truth Movement’ as well as at the state-level, through the Bush administration’s conspiracy rhetoric of Islamic
terrorists intent on infiltrating the US homeland. In this paper, I demonstrate how conspiracy can be understood as a ‘knowledge-producing
discourse’; dialectically engaged across multiple subject positions and through which geopolitical narratives are performatively
produced and contested at interconnected scales of bodies, homes, city streets and national ‘homelands’. Through drawing on,
and challenging, the conceptual and methodological approaches of a burgeoning feminist geopolitics, I ground my analysis in
the embodied performances of ‘patriotic dissent’ by members of the 9/11 Truth Movement in New York City, as well as through
my own situated and ethical engagement with positions of political difference. 相似文献
20.
Dr. J. Afolabi Falola 《GeoJournal》1987,15(1):83-90
In this paper, use is made of the multiple regression technique in an attempt to provide explanation for the pattern of adoption
of intensive poultry farming technique — an agency and infrastructure based innovation. This paper deals with two aspects
of the diffusion. The first examines the factors of spatial pattern of adoption and the second, the adoption intensity. The
paper then turns to consider the planning implications of these factors.
In Oyo State, market factor expressed as the population size of towns, distance to agency location and from previous adopters
largely account for the spatial variation in the time of adoption of ‘modern’ poultry farming technique. The intensity of
adoption (poultry population) on the other hand is influenced by the number of adopters, distance to infrastructure, profitability
considerations, literacy factor and the time of adoption. 相似文献