共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
气象卫星垂直探测资料在国外已广泛用于数值天气预报中,本文介绍了由气象卫星垂直探测资料反演大气温度廓线的方法及回归反演系数的计算。最后给出了利用NOAA-7 TOVS资料反演大气温度廓线的试验结果。试验结果与常规探测温度的比较表明:绝对平均偏差和均方根误差在各等压面上大致为2—3℃。 相似文献
2.
前文给出了卫星红外观测资料的反演处理方法，并对方法作了理论上的分析，在本文中，我们将此方法应用到TOVS、GOES-8实际资料及AIRS模拟观测资料处理中并重点对TOVS资料进行试验。在反演中，我们将大气温度廓线和水汽混合比（lnq）廓线用各自的经验正交函数（EOF）表示以提高反演的稳定性并缩短计算时间，同时采用一种过滤操作以加速迭代的收敛速度。除了用本文提出的方法对TOVS资料进行处理外，还用国际TOVS处理软件包（ITPP-4.0）对同样的资料进行反演。试验表明，本文方法的反演结果优于ITPP的结果。AIRS模拟反演结果表明，高分辨率红外垂直探测器的遥感精度能够达到温度1 K、水汽10%。 相似文献
3.
该文根据1998年8月的业务TOVS反演的温度、水汽垂直廓线资料以及其它资料, 利用RTTOV5模式模拟NOAA14极轨气象卫星上相应红外探测 (HIRS) 通道的辐射亮温值, 将模拟值对比实测TOVS探测资料, 结果表明, 晴空模式模拟亮温与实测值的误差小于部分有云时的误差, 模拟误差受云的影响呈反相变化, 对水汽敏感的中低层探测通道在晴空时的误差小于部分有云情况; 通过对比白天和夜间短波窗区探测通道模拟误差, 分析了其受地面反射太阳光辐射的影响的大小及其原因所在; 并利用RTTOV5的伴随模式和Jacobine模式分析了模式模拟误差对初始场云参数的敏感性。该研究为TOVS/ATOVS探测资料在3DR或4DR变分同化中的直接应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
大气温湿度廓线是大气重要参数,在数值天气预报及天气预警中具有重要的应用价值。为获得高精度的大气温度与水汽混合比廓线数据,研究了基于Metop-A/IASI红外高光谱资料的大气温度与水汽混合比廓线变分反演方法。利用IASI高光谱传感器温度和水汽探测通道资料,结合CRTM模式和WRF模式预报技术,使用一维变分方法,研究了卫星资料质量控制、背景误差协方差本地化、观测误差协方差计算等方法,构建了大气温度及水汽混合比廓线变分反演系统,并在北京、青岛、沈阳3个地区开展了反演试验。以探空为标准的反演结果对比显示,使用WRF模式预报值作为背景场,温度的平均误差绝对值小于0.6 K,均方根误差为0.89 K;水汽混合比的平均误差绝对值小于0.021 g/kg,均方根误差为0.02 g/kg。试验结果表明:基于一维变分方法,可以利用Metop-A/IASI红外高光谱资料进行大气温度与水汽混合比廓线高精度探测。 相似文献
5.
卫星大气探测仪器的正演模拟是卫星资料同化和定量遥感的基础, 同CO2吸收通道相比, 目前红外水汽探测通道的亮温正演模拟误差较大。利用国际上通用的TIGR (thermodynamic initial guess retrieval database) 43廓线库作为训练样本, NESDIS (national environment satellite, data and information service) 35廓线库作为独立检验样本, 对水汽廓线按照整层大气水汽总量为阈值进行分组训练, 基于RTTOV (radiative transfer for TOVS) 模型训练获得风云三号气象卫星红外分光计的正演回归系数并模拟计算观测亮温。以0.045 kg·m-2作阈值进行分组训练为例, 结果表明:该方法可有效改进水汽通道亮温的正演精度, 特别是对低水汽含量廓线的模拟精度改进比较明显, 最大可达0.17 K。进一步分析表明:分组训练方法改进水汽通道辐射模拟精度的原因是提高了水汽光学厚度的计算精度。 相似文献
6.
目前,在由TOVS资料反演大气温度和水汽廓线的业务处理中,使用统计方法。本文探讨了改进现行统计反演方法的途径,并通过数值模拟试验证明,改进的方法与现业务方法相比,反演精度可以有相当犬的改进。 相似文献
7.
中国新一代地球静止气象卫星风云四号A星（FY-4A）搭载的干涉式大气垂直探测仪（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS）以红外高光谱干涉分光方式探测三维大气温湿结构,取得了在静止轨道上探测大气的突破性进展。地基全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）是一种连续监测大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV）的有效手段,基于2018年6—8月中国地基GNSS站监测的PWV和FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线的业务产品以及常规无线电探空资料,开展GNSS/PWV与FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线快速融合应用,以提高卫星资料反演大气水汽廓线的精度。结果表明:与常规无线电探空相比,FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线产品在大气低层均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）为4.5 g/kg,700 hPa为2.4 g/kg,500 hPa以上因水汽含量较低RSME小于1.5 g/kg。GNSS/PWV与FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线融合后,FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线误差整层RMSE减小20%,从近地层到600 hPa RMSE平均减小20%—25%,尤其是850—700 hPa改善最明显,极大改善了卫星水汽反演资料的可用性。对一次多系统影响的暴雨天气过程应用分析表明,GNSS/PWV和FY-4A/GIIRS融合产品可获得高时、空密度的大气水汽廓线,对强降水的临近预报有非常重要的支撑作用。 相似文献
8.
应用FY-3A/MWHS资料反演太平洋海域晴空大气湿度廓线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
发展Smith迭代算法,建立适用于微波波段的物理迭代算法。采用搭载于FY-3A卫星之上的微波湿度计亮温数据及矢量辐射传输模式,对我国西北太平洋海域晴空区域的大气水汽廓线进行反演计算。反演得到的水汽廓线与MODIS水汽廓线产品比较,单点结果表明,反演混合比廓线与MODIS水汽廓线趋势一致,下层水汽反演能力较中上层强;500 hPa水汽场反演结果表明,可基本反映水汽干湿中心分布情况,反演水汽混合比值与MODIS产品相比偏低。经统计所有气压层反演结果与MOD07水汽廓线产品相比偏差均控制在5.76 g/kg以内。 相似文献
9.
晴空卫星红外模拟资料反演大气温度廓线的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
HIRS／3资料的反演是一个典型的非适定问题,而奇异值分解法（SVD）是一种解病态线性代数方程组的有效方法,它在遇到矩阵的不适定问题时依然可以保持其数值稳定性并能尽量多地利用各探测通道的有效信息。将SVD方法应用于卫星资料的温度反演问题中可以将资料空间和参数空间分型,从中提取有效信息来反演大气温度廓线。通过理想资料试验,分析了温度廓线初猜值、水汽廓线误差等因素对温度反演结果的影响。结果表明：对HIRS／3资料来说,用SVD法反演大气温度廓线时只能截取一定的阶数,以取4～7为宜;温度廓线初猜值的选取对反演结果的影响较大,当模式层的中层误差较大时得到的反演结果最稳定;水汽廓线的扰动对中低层的温度反演结果和第5,8,10,11和16通道的亮温值有较大影响。 相似文献
10.
利用TOVS资料计算我国东南地区的太阳直接辐射和散射辐射 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
根据多次散射理论--离散纵标法，将极轨卫星产品资料（TOVS资料）作为初始资料，利用中分辨率大气传输模式MODTRAN3分别计算出晴空和有云情况下5个层次的观测波段的太阳直接辐射和散射辐射，与国家一级探空探测的大气温、湿廓线计算出的辐射值进行比较。发现晴空状况下基本一致，有云时存在一定误差，表明由卫星的TOVS资料估算我国东部地区的晴空辐射资料，可以弥补我国辐射资料的不足。 相似文献
11.
Operational Implementation of the ATOVS Processing Procedure in KMA and Its Validation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has processed the data from the advanced TOVS(ATOVS) onboard NOAA-16 satellite since May 2001. The operational production utilizes the AAPP(ATOVS and AVHRR Processing Package) of EUMETSAT and IAPP (International ATOVS ProcessingPackage) of the University of Wisconsin. For the initial guess profiles, the predicted fields (usually 6 to 12hour forecasted fields) from the global aviation model of NOAA/NCEP are used. The average number ofprofiles retrieved from the ATOVS data is about 1,300 for each morning and afternoon orbit at about 18 and06 UTC, respectively. The retrieved temperature and dew point temperatures are provided to forecastersin real time and used for initialization of prediction models. With the advanced microwave sensor (AMSU;Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit), accuracy of the ATOVS products is expected to be better than thatof the TOVS products, especially in cloudy conditions. Indeed, the preliminary results from a validationstudy with the collocated radiosonde data during a 8-month period, from May to December 2001, for theEast Asia region show an improved accuracy of the ATOVS products for cloudy skies versus the TOVS,especially for higher altitudes. The RMS (Root Mean Square) difference between the ATOVS productsand radiosonde data is about 1.3℃ for both clear and cloudy conditions, except for near the ground and athigher altitudes, at around 200 hPa. There is no significant temporal variation of the error statistics at allpressure levels. In case of the water vapor mixing ratio, the largest difference is shown at lower altitudes,while the accuracy is much better for the clear sky cases than the cloudy sky cases. The bias and RMSEat lower altitudes is about 0.557 g kg-1 and 2.5 g kg-1 and decrease significantly with increasing altitude. 相似文献
12.
利用AIRS卫星资料反演大气廓线Ⅰ.特征向量统计反演法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
官莉 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(6):756-761
引进美国威斯康星大学的IMAPP（International MODIS／AIRS Preprocessing Package）软件包，介绍了利用高光谱分辨率大气红外探测器AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）观测辐射值，用特征向量统计法反演大气温度、湿度等垂直廓线的算法，采用亮度温度分类和扫描角分类回归后，减小了反演误差。并将其应用到中国地区，通过与无线电探空值及欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF（European Center of Medium-range Weather Forecasts）客观分析场的比较，结果表明：该方法所获得的温度、水汽反演结果与探空观测及ECMWF大气廓线分布一致，且AIRS因其高光谱分辨率（即高垂直空间分辨率）显示了精细的大气结构。 相似文献
13.
ＴｈｅＣａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｒｏｆｉｌｅＲｅｔｒｉｅｖａｌｆｒｏｍＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅＨｉｇｈＲｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＩｎｆｒａｒｅｄＳｏｕｎｄｅｒＲａｄｉａｎｃｅｓＬｉＪｕｎ（李俊）（Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏ... 相似文献
14.
1. IntroductionThe development of global climate and weathermodels requires accurate monitoring of atmospherictemperature and moisture profiles, as well as the con-tents of trace gases and aerosols. It is quite difficultto monitor continuously these parameters on a globalscale.Until recently. AIRS (Atmospheric InfraredSounder) offers a new opportunity to improve globalmonitoring of temperature, moisture, and ozone distri-butions and changes therein. The high spectral resolu-tion (v/Δv ? 12… 相似文献
15.
Summary This paper presents a comparison of column water vapor (CWV) information derived from both infrared measurements as part of the TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) in an attempt to assess the relative merits of each kind of data. From the analyses presented in this paper, it appears that both types of satellite data closely reproduce the bulk climatological relationships introduced in earlier studies using different data. This includes both the bulk relationship between CWV and the sea surface temperature and the annual variation of CWV over the world's oceans. The TOVS water vapor data tends to be systematically smaller than the SSM/I data and when averaged over the ocean covered regions of the globe this difference is between 2–3 kgm–2. Using a cloud liquid water threshold technique to establish clear sky values of SSM/I water vapor, we conclude that the differences between TOVS and SSM/I are largely a result of the clear sky bias in TOVS sampling except in the subsidence regions of the subtropics. The clear sky bias is considerably smaller than previously reported and we attribute this improvement to the new physical retrieval scheme implemented by NOAA NESDIS. While there is considerable agreement between the two types of satellite data, there are also important differences. In regions where there is drying associated with large scale subsidence of the atmosphere, the TOVS CWV's are too moist relative to both radiosonde and SSM/I data and this difference may exceed 10 kgm–2. The explanation for this difference lies in the limitations of infrared radiative transfer. By contrast, in regions of deep convection, such as in the ITCZ, TOVS CWV is systematically lower than the SSM/I CWV. Both TOVS and SSM/I data demonstrate similar kinds of gross effects of large scale circulation on the water vapor except in these subsidence regions where TOVS data leads to an under-prediction of the effects of subsidence drying.With 11 Figures 相似文献
16.
Study of TOVS applications in monitoring atmospheric temperature,water vapor,and cloudiness in East Asia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
B. Zhao 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1994,54(1-4):261-270
Summary A new Statistical-Physical Retrieval Method (STPRM) has been developed for applications with TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) measurements. The method uses physical modeling combined with statistical regression to develop straightforward retrieval expressions for temperature, moisture content, and tropopause height based on brightness temperature measurements from both the HIRS and MSU instruments used in the TOVS system. The selection of HIRS and MSU channels used in the various retrievals is based on channel sensitivity coefficients which relate to the amplitude of the change of a given channel's brightness temperature to a given change in a retrieval parameter. The temperature retrieval procedure is designed for all-weather situations, and emphasizes the use of MSU microwave channels including linear combinations of these channels to improve vertical resolution. Cloud parameters are retrieved using radiances from HIRS channels to generate clear column radiances for the moisture and tropopause height retrievals, which depend almost exclusively on the HIRS channels. The STPRM scheme is then used to obtain and evaluate distributions of temperature, mixing ratio, and tropopause height. Distributions of ozone content are also retrieved from an independent iterative retrieval procedure using the cloud corrected radiances from the STPRM scheme as input. The retrievals are compared to in situ measurements obtained from radiosonde observations and ground-based Dobson spectrometer measurements situated throughout East Asia with generally good results. The temperature retrievals are also used in a synoptic analysis of a winter storm situation that developed over northern China in January 1989, giving a geopotential height distribution which is confirmed by aerological observations.With 16 Figures 相似文献
17.
极轨气象卫星大气垂直探测（ＴＯＶＳ）资料微机处理系统可实时接收处理ＴＯＶＳ／ＨＲＰＴ资料，生成空间分辨率约７５（或５０）ｋｍ的大气温度和湿度廓线、位势高度、热成风、大气中水汽总含量、射出长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）、臭氧总含量等大气参数以及ＴＯＶＳ水汽图象等产品。其中，大气温度的平均相对误差为２．５Ｋ，大气湿度的平均相对误差为２５％。由于气象卫星覆盖范围广，观测频次多，因此，ＴＯＶＳ产品可弥补海洋、高原、沙漠等地区常规探测资料之不足。 相似文献
18.
Back propagation neural networks are used to retrieve atmospheric temperature profiles from NOAA-16 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) measurements over East Asia. The collocated radiosonde observation and AMSU-A data over land in 2002-2003 are used to train the network, and the data over land in 2004 are used to test the network. A comparison with the multi-linear regression method shows that the neural network retrieval method can significantly improve the results in all weather conditions. When an offset of 0.5 K or a noise level of ±0.2 K is added to all channels simultaneously, the increase in the overall root mean square (RMS) error is less than 0.1 K. Furthermore, an experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of the window channels on the retrieval. The results indicate that the brightness temperatures of window channels can provide significantly useful information on the temperature retrieval near the surface. Additionally, the RMS errors of the profiles retrieved with the trained neural network are compared with the errors from the International Advanced TOVS (ATOVS) Processing Package (IAPP). It is shown that the network-based algorithm can provide much better results in the experiment region and comparable results in other regions. It is also noted that the network can yield remarkably better results than IAPP at the low levels and at about the 250-hPa level in summer skies over ocean. Finally, the network-based retrieval algorithm developed herein is applied in retrieving the temperature anomalies of Typhoon Rananim from AMSU-A data. 相似文献
19.
基于辐射传输模式的中国典型区域大气样本库特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对中国区域北京、哈尔滨、杭州、昆明、拉萨、三亚、西宁7个代表站逐日探空资料进行质量检验的基础上，对其中1、4、7、10四个月(分别代表4个季节)的探空资料进行了大气温湿廓线的特征分析，同时又与目前国际上用于辐射传输计算的43条温湿廓线进行了简单的对比。结果表明，中国区域的大气廓线有明显的时间、空间分布特征，与海拔高度之间联系不大；仅用国际通用的温湿廓线进行我国区域的卫星正演、反演计算有其缺陷性，必须将具有我国天气、气候特征的大气样本补充进去。所收集样本可用于计算大气透射率、反演的初估场及反演结果的真实性检验等。 相似文献