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David Taylor 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2000,21(1):63-75
Alfred Russel Wallace is closely associated with the Malay Archipelago. As a collector of biological specimens, he spent eight years in the region during the mid nineteenth-century. Wallace became one of the foremost natural historian-philosophers and a powerful voice in the emerging sub-discipline of biogeography following his return to the UK. He is perhaps best remembered by the Wallace's Line, which bisects the Malay Archipelago, marking an abrupt biogeographical disjunction that is most apparent for mammals and birds. The influence of Wallace's ideas on modern constructions of the Malay Archipelago in particular and the tropical world in general has been profound. Wallace's biogeography, with its reliance on reductionism, scientific taxonomy and the identification and mapping of "native" biota, has also influenced conservation theory and practice. In this paper, I argue that preconceived notions together with predominant values of scientific endeavour during the Victorian period strongly affected Wallace's constructions. The view of tropical environments that Wallace helped to construct is at odds with modern theories of environmental change, while his biogeographical distribution maps share many weaknesses with ethnographic studies of the colonial period. In conclusion, rather than static distribution patterns, the apparently continuous re-mixing of biota in low latitudes offers biogeographers much scope for study. The results of such studies, when combined with a greater awareness of indigenous perceptions and systems of knowledge, would appear to provide a much more secure basis upon which to found conservation thought and practice. 相似文献
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美国"阳光带"的崛起对中国西部城市化战略的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国西部开发以城市化为先导，中国西部大开发本质上也是西部城市化。西部大开发战略应以城市为中心组织与落实。本文通过透视美国“阳光带”城市崛起的历史，尤其是产业集群的成功经验，提出中国西部城市化战略实施中应将培育地方产业集群作为推动城市化的重要战略方式和地方重要的公共政策工具。 相似文献
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