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Hilary P.M. Winchester 《The Professional geographer》1999,51(1):60-67
A mixed method approach was adopted to study the experiences of lonefathers, using a classic triangulation approach of interview and questionnaire data. This study utilised an empirical realist framework of scientific enquiry, with the ‘soft’ individual interview data seen as an adjunct to the ‘hard’ aggregate quantitative methods. A review of this study found that the interviews worked well as a pilot study in a classic mixed methods framework. The questionnaires provided a range of information about thecharacteristics of this group of lone fathers, but it was the interviews which provided astonishing depth on the causes of marital breakdown and post-marital conflict, and on the discourses and other structures which sustain social processes. In this study, the interview techniques could have been used differently, in a different framework of analysis (that of critical rather than empirical realism) without the support of other mixed methods. 相似文献
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Jianan Shen Tao Cheng 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(9):1785-1805
ABSTRACTDatasets collecting the ever-changing position of moving individuals are usually big and possess high spatial and temporal resolution to reveal activity patterns of individuals in greater detail. Information about human mobility, such as ‘when, where and why people travel’, is contained in these datasets and is necessary for urban planning and public policy making. Nevertheless, how to segregate the users into groups with different movement and behaviours and generalise the patterns of groups are still challenging. To address this, this article develops a theoretical framework for uncovering space-time activity patterns from individual’s movement trajectory data and segregating users into subgroups according to these patterns. In this framework, individuals’ activities are modelled as their visits to spatio-temporal region of interests (ST-ROIs) by incorporating both the time and places the activities take place. An individual’s behaviour is defined as his/her profile of time allocation on the ST-ROIs she/he visited. A hierarchical approach is adopted to segregate individuals into subgroups based upon the similarity of these individuals’ profiles. The proposed framework is tested in the analysis of the behaviours of London foot patrol police officers based on their GPS trajectories provided by the Metropolitan Police. 相似文献
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Karl Rehrl Simon Gröchenig Stefan Kranzinger 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):1953-1979
ABSTRACT Trajectory data mining is a lively research field in the domain of spatio-temporal data mining. Trajectory pattern mining comprises a set of specific pattern mining methods, which are applied as consecutive steps on a trajectory with the goal to extract and classify re-occurring spatio-temporal patterns. Despite the common nature and frequent usage of such methods by the GIScience community, a methodological approach is missing so far, especially when it comes to the use of machine learning-based classification methods. The current work closes this gap by proposing and evaluating a machine learning-based 3-steps trajectory data mining methodology using the detection and classification of stop points in vehicle trajectories as example. The work describes in detail the applied methodologies with respect to the three mining steps ‘stop detection’, ‘feature extraction’ and ‘classification in traffic-relevant and non-traffic-relevant stops’ and evaluates six machine learning-based classification algorithms using a real-world dataset of 15,498 vehicle trajectories with 5,899 detected stops (thereof 2,032 manually classified). Due to its exemplary nature, the presented methodology is suited to act as blueprint for similar trajectory data mining problems. 相似文献
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Warwick E. Murray John Overton 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2016,70(3):176-189
ABSTRACTThe authors bring together two theoretical and empirical strands in economic geography – established work on clusters and nascent research on ‘fictive place’ – in order to introduce the concept of ‘fictive clusters’. To explore this concept, they examine the New Zealand craft beer sector, which has evolved from non-existence since the year 2000. This growth has precipitated the rise of a dynamic and innovative cluster at the local scale in Wellington. The fictive cluster is explored through the Wellington case study, and the authors pose various questions for future work based on this discursive geographical device. The construction and complicit reproduction of what they term a ‘fictive cluster’ has been central to the evolving strategies of the involved agents. Through the use of this term, the evolution of Wellington place-based brands that are increasingly territorially specific are seen as building competitive advantage based on constructed histories, environments, and other geographic characteristics. 相似文献
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Eran Feitelson 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(2):190-205
Faced with soaring survey costs, geographers may increasingly consider mail or telephone surveys as alternatives to in-person interviews. This study goes beyond comparisons of response rates to analyze possible biases of administration methods in geographic studies. An empirical comparison between an in-person interview survey and two mail surveys of recent home buyers’ housing preferences revealed that the mail surveys provided better representation of this population, as they had a higher completion rate (though lower response rate). While respondent attributes differed across administration modes, no direct effects of administration method on responses were found. Mail surveys appear to be a viable alternative to personal interviews in a wider set of cases than geographers usually assume, though more empirical work is needed to determine the extent of such cases. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTA popular rural development strategy in recent years has been through the adoption of what has been widely called a ‘value chain approach’, where improved linkages between small producers in underdeveloped rural communities and ‘lead firms’ constitute the foundations for development interventions. Whilst the global value-chain framework can deliver insights into the broad structural processes shaping livelihood possibilities, the adoption of value chains as a development strategy tends to disregard the complexity of smallholder livelihoods that shape poverty alleviation pathways in different contexts. The relationships between global value chains, development interventions, and rural livelihoods are explored in this article through a case study of smallholder coffee farming in the Toraja region of Indonesia. In this case, value-chain interventions in the coffee sector are unlikely to significantly contribute to improved rural welfare due to the diversified reality of local livelihoods, the nuances of how coffee production is embedded within Torajan culture and economy, and excellent prevailing market opportunities. The livelihood framework, therefore, provides an important corrective for the sometimes excessive optimism presented by advocates of a value-chain approach to rural development. 相似文献
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A common concern when working with health‐related data is that national standard guidelines are designed to preserve individual statistical information, usually recorded as text or in a spreadsheet format (‘statistical confidentiality’), but lack appropriate rules for visualizing this information on maps (‘spatial confidentiality’). Privacy rules to protect spatial confidentiality become more and more important, as governmental agencies increasingly incorporate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for collecting, storing, analysing, and disseminating spatial information. The purpose of this paper is to propose the first step of a general framework for presenting the location of confidential point data on maps using empirical perceptual research. The overall objective is to identify geographic masking methods that preserve both the confidentiality of individual locations, and at the same time the essential visual characteristics of the original point pattern. 相似文献
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“遗产化”是一个动态复杂的社会过程。基于在海南省琼海、文昌两市的田野调查,采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”相融合的研究路径,分析手抄南海航行路线指南《更路簿》“遗产化”路径和影响机制,以及交织在其中的复杂社会关系和地方影响因素。研究表明：“他者”和海南渔民在《更路簿》“遗产化”过程中会产生相互作用,其作用力量强于“我者”;《更路簿》由渔民家庭内部相传的用于出海作业的“秘本”转为公共领域的具有主权物证价值的“文化遗产”,渔民被赋予了南海“发现者” “经营者”的身份标签;文物收集和文化活动推进了“遗产化”并使不同群体产生互动,“我者”可在“他者”开展的遗产工作中干预“他者”的遗产认知和行为方式;《更路簿》可转化为旅游资源,但尚未形成强有力的“卖点”带动旅游业,居民在利用其带来的经济机会方面处于弱势;“遗产化”有助于《更路簿》记忆的复现和保存,但渔民的“个体记忆”被削弱,也使地方文化结构被重构;《更路簿》在琼海的植根性和“遗产化”效果强于文昌。 相似文献
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Xiaohua Tong 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):866-898
ABSTRACT Cellular automata (CA) models are in growing use for land-use change simulation and future scenario prediction. It is necessary to conduct model assessment that reports the quality of simulation results and how well the models reproduce reliable spatial patterns. Here, we review 347 CA articles published during 1999–2018 identified by a Scholar Google search using ‘cellular automata’, ‘land’ and ‘urban’ as keywords. Our review demonstrates that, during the past two decades, 89% of the publications include model assessment related to dataset, procedure and result using more than ten different methods. Among all methods, cell-by-cell comparison and landscape analysis were most frequently applied in the CA model assessment; specifically, overall accuracy and standard Kappa coefficient respectively rank first and second among all metrics. The end-state assessment is often criticized by modelers because it cannot adequately reflect the modeling ability of CA models. We provide five suggestions to the method selection, aiming to offer a background framework for future method choices as well as urging to focus on the assessment of input data and error propagation, procedure, quantitative and spatial change, and the impact of driving factors. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis essay narrates the ‘slow violence’, or creeping environmental harms taking place within contemporary environmental governance. It centres on a tall, dense and highly flammable introduced pasture species Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus), which was listed as a weed across north Australian jurisdictions in 2008. Since this time, it has continued to expand its reach across the Northern Territory (NT). With a potential invasion range of over 380,000?sqkm2, this grass is a serious threat to many more-than-human worlds in the north, including Indigenous-led and Indigenous-owned environmental service economies and multimillion-dollar projects engaged in savanna fire management for carbon credits. Drawing upon fieldwork and interviews with a range of public servants, landholders and researchers in the NT between 2015 and 2018, this essay demonstrates how environmental governance is being undermined through specific institutions and practices. Through an ethnographic reading of weed management documents, including several legal permits to grow Gamba grass within the NT’s ‘eradication zone’, this essay narrates the diverse threads of a pressing ‘slow’ disaster. The unfolding story of Gamba grass, we suggest, is instructive for those seeking to understand the present and future of resource extraction or ‘extractivism’ in Australia and elsewhere. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(5):10-12
Thr following article, prepared in December of 1939, was sent to the editors by Richard Hartshorne and is printed verbatim, except for minor editorial style changes, with the permission of the author. Hartshornc's covering letter reads in part as follows: “In view of thc statistical studies of American gwgraphers in your current [May, 1961] number, you may be interestcd in a similar [unpublished] paper written twenty years earlier … [which] was seen only by a few privileged individuals. This ‘classic in statisticospoofery’, as John K. Wright says in a recent letter, ‘is on a par with Parkinson's Law’ Publication now in The Professional Geographer would indicate to your readers what attention to pay to the pieces in the current number.” 相似文献
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跨学科视角下“地缘政治”概念及其研究范式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析1982—2019年中国核心学术刊物和著作,梳理地理学和政治学对于“地缘政治”概念和研究范式的不同理解。研究发现：① 地理学和政治学有很多相似之处,包括对“地缘战略”等概念的关注,对“大国安全与崛起”等议题的探讨,以及在分析框架中对案例和质性分析方法的强调等;② 地理学和政治学有各具特色,地理学衍生“地缘环境”等概念,政治学也衍生“地缘安全”等概念;地理学在议题上更具空间和系统思维,对海洋地缘政治等话题更偏好,而政治学更强调时事性,侧重于分析时事政治及其地缘政治逻辑等;在分析框架上,地理学受计量革命的影响深远,对质性和定量分析都有所关注,而政治学对案例分析和质性分析的依赖度更高。这些发现说明了当前学科分工并没有改变地理学中的“地缘政治”概念和政治学中的“地缘政治”概念源出一脉的事实,同时也发现,其中的差异正是学科壁垒形成关键所在。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):254-264
In this paper, I look at the use of qualitative methods in health geography. I focus on two projects using in-depth interviews with people with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from feminist work on qualitative methodologies and the production of knowledge, two questions are posed. First, what insights do interviews offer about people's daily experiences with HIV/AIDS? Second, given that interviews involve direct contact between interviewer and respondent, what are the implications of using this methodology? Projects reveal that living with HIV/AIDS involves a complex series of negotiations. These include negotiating one's own identity within medical discourse, dealing with health care professionals, and choosing how to use medication. The projects also indicate that qualitative research itself involves a process of negotiation. Researchers' preconceptions, interview settings and formats, and relationships established during research can effect research outcomes andresearch participants. I argue that a willingness to reflect critically on the use of qualitative methods is needed to safeguard against these unintended consequences. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):537-538
Abstract In this article I ask to what extent geographers can draw on psychoanalytic theory when examining interview data. I consider Freud's theory of the mind and its unconscious processes to ask how bringing the unconscious to bear on identity studies potentially impacts qualitative research on subjectivity and identification. Existing geographic debate on psychoanalytic theory and methods provides an organizing framework for my argument. Although the article advocates an ontology of the psychoanalytic subject, I suggest that researchers must avoid psychoanalyzing research subjects. This distinction limits the ways in which scholars can “read” personal narratives for unconscious processes. 相似文献
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Katharine McKinnon Melissa Kennedy Jo Barraket Tracy DeCotta 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(3):361-375
ABSTRACT Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISE) offer supported work environments for people experiencing disadvantage, including people with disability. This paper reflects on a research project that is mapping the ways in which social enterprises in regional Australian cities produce wellbeing for their employees. Through supported employment programs, these organisations are transforming individual lives, helping to build a sense of self-worth and purpose, and increase individuals’ social skills and capacities. Many of the perceived benefits are associated with a belief in the innate good of paid work. Based upon interviews with employees in the social enterprises, it is apparent that the hopes attached to providing ‘meaningful work’ are considerable. At the same time social enterprises are taking on social responsibilities that were once provided by the state, while also selling their services as employers of disabled and disadvantaged members of society and maintaining commercial viability of the enterprise. Using feminist political economy alongside discussion of the distributive economy, this paper explores how contemporary policy conditions, productivist biases and normative discourses about the value of wage work inflect the forms of wellbeing that can be experienced by WISE workers. 相似文献
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Eating Out Ethically: An Analysis of the Influence of Ethical Food Consumption in a Vegetarian Restaurant in Guangzhou,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 For exploring vegetarian eating in contemporary Guangzhou, this article employs the concept of ‘ethical eating’ and the framework of ethical consumption as outlined by Clive Barnett and his coauthors to examine food practices in a vegetarian restaurant through two dimensions: the restaurant dimension and the consumer dimension (2005b). Drawing on the ethnographic observations and interviews on food practices in a vegetarian restaurant conducted by Refreshing Vegetarian Food (Yixin Su Shi), in Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong province, this article argues that, on the one hand, the restaurant can provide an ethical environment for vegetarian eating and connects ethics and human bodies encountered through eating experiences. On the other hand, the restaurant is reshaped as an ethical food space through the performance of consumers' social identities and “self‐other” relations. 相似文献
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POHCHIN LAI CHARLES F. GILLIES 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):241-251
Abstract The proliferation of digital cartographic and geographic information technologies has provided an obvious alternative to paper for the storage of maps. Not unlike their paper predecessors, digital maps must be indexed to provide sufficient access points to information and to allow the librarian carto-bibliographic control over the collection. Maps have traditionally been treated as ‘unusual’ books and librarians have relied primarily on cataloguing strategies designed for books. Most automated cataloguing efforts involve nothing more than the computerization of card catalogues without altering the nature and design of the task. This paper examines the utilities and unique qualities of cartographic materials and accounts for deficiencies of traditional cataloguing methods for the handling of both analogue and digital cartographic products. In view of the increased availability of digital cartographic databases, this paper also evaluates requirements and presents issues beyond the conventional responsibilities of spatial data librarianship. 相似文献