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1.
Quantification of forest cover is essential as a tool to stimulate forest management and conservation. Image compositing techniques that sample the most suited pixel from multi-temporal image acquisitions, provide an important tool for forest cover detection as they provide alternatives for missing data due to cloud cover and data discontinuities. At present, however, it is not clear to which extent forest cover detection based on compositing can be improved if the source imagery is firstly corrected for topographic distortions on a pixel-basis. In this study, the results of a pixel compositing algorithm with and without preprocessing topographic correction are compared for a study area covering 9 Landsat footprints in the Romanian Carpathians based on two different classifiers: Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that classifier selection has a stronger impact on the classification accuracy than topographic correction. Finally, application of the optimal method (SVM classifier with topographic correction) on the Romanian Carpathian Ecoregion between 1985, 1995 and 2010 shows a steady greening due to more afforestation than deforestation. 相似文献
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Karen Schleeweis Samuel N. Goward Chengquan Huang John L. Dwyer Jennifer L. Dungan Mary A. Lindsey 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(10):963-980
Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US (1986–2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream (NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5–7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products. 相似文献
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针对ACCA（云量自动评估）算法难以检测Landsat图像中的半透明云问题,提出了一种ACCA和WSVM（加权支持向量机）相结合的云检测算法．首先根据云在不同波段中的大气辐射特点,结合Landsat ETM+图像数据的光谱特性,利用ACCA算法将图像像元初步分成云像元、非云像元和待定像元,再以云的光谱特性构造特征向量,利用WSVM算法进行待定像元的云层检测,最终获得全部图像的云检测结果．仿真实验结果表明,该方法既具有ACCA算法的云检测优势,还对ACCA算法难以识别的半透明云有很好的检测效果． 相似文献
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Mark Broich Matthew C. Hansen Peter Potapov Bernard Adusei Erik Lindquist Stephen V. Stehman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Monitoring loss of humid tropical forests via remotely sensed imagery is critical for a number of environmental monitoring objectives, including carbon accounting, biodiversity, and climate modeling science applications. Landsat imagery, provided free of charge by the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (USGS/EROS), enables consistent and timely forest cover loss updates from regional to biome scales. The Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan are a center of significant forest cover change within the humid tropics with implications for carbon dynamics, biodiversity maintenance and local livelihoods. Sumatra and Kalimantan feature poor observational coverage compared to other centers of humid tropical forest change, such as Mato Grosso, Brazil, due to the lack of ongoing acquisitions from nearby ground stations and the persistence of cloud cover obscuring the land surface. At the same time, forest change in Indonesia is transient and does not always result in deforestation, as cleared forests are rapidly replaced by timber plantations and oil palm estates. Epochal composites, where single best observations are selected over a given time interval and used to quantify change, are one option for monitoring forest change in cloudy regions. However, the frequency of forest cover change in Indonesia confounds the ability of image composite pairs to quantify all change. Transient change occurring between composite periods is often missed and the length of time required for creating a cloud-free composite often obscures change occurring within the composite period itself. In this paper, we analyzed all Landsat 7 imagery with <50% cloud cover and data and products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to quantify forest cover loss for Sumatra and Kalimantan from 2000 to 2005. We demonstrated that time-series approaches examining all good land observations are more accurate in mapping forest cover change in Indonesia than change maps based on image composites. Unlike other time-series analyses employing observations with a consistent periodicity, our study area was characterized by highly unequal observation counts and frequencies due to persistent cloud cover, scan line corrector off (SLC-off) gaps, and the absence of a complete archive. Our method accounts for this variation by generating a generic variable space. We evaluated our results against an independent probability sample-based estimate of gross forest cover loss and expert mapped gross forest cover loss at 64 sample sites. The mapped gross forest cover loss for Sumatra and Kalimantan was 2.86% of the land area, or 2.86 Mha from 2000 to 2005, with the highest concentration having occurred in Riau and Kalimantan Tengah provinces. 相似文献
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Mazlan Hashim Amin Beiranvand Pour Chong Khen Wei 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(2):383-396
This study was undertaken the use of course and moderate spatial resolution remote sensing data to assess the forest degradation in the Peninsular Malaysia. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery was used as coarse spatial resolution data, while Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) imagery was used as moderate spatial resolution to compare the accuracy. Geometric and radiometric correction and re-sampling were performed in pre-processing to enhance the analysis and results. Canopy fractional cover was used as an approach to assess the forest degradation in this study. Then, an optimum vegetation index was selected to apply on canopy fractional cover to enhance the detection of forest canopy damage. At the same time, accuracy assessment for the approach was referred to the location of Neobalanocarpus Heimii and correlate with global evapotranspiration rate. The forest degradation analysis was also applied and compared for all of the states in the Peninsular Malaysia. In conclusion, Landsat ETM+ imagery obtained higher accuracy compare to MODIS using canopy fractional cover approach for forest degradation assessment, and can be more broadly applicable to use for forest degradation investigation. 相似文献
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V. Krishna Prasad Yogesh Kant K. V. S. Badarinath 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1999,27(3):141-147
Studies related to forest fires are important in the context of trace gas emissions associated with such events. Much of the polar orbiting satellites due to their repetitive cycle have limitation in observing such events and in tropics due to cloud cover, the chance of getting cloud free image during day time becomes difficult. In order to explore the possibilities of using DMSP OLS night time data for monitoring such event, the present study has been under taken in Central Himalayan region of India where extensive fire event has been reported in May/June, 1995. The results of the study suggests the possibility of monitoring such events using DMSP OLS night time data. 相似文献
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This study developed an impervious surface fraction algorithm (ISFA) for automatic mapping of urban areas from Landsat data. We processed the data for 2001 and 2014 to trace the urbanization of Tegucigalpa, the capital city of Honduras, using a four-step procedure: (1) data pre-processing to perform image reflectance normalization, (2) quantification of impervious surface area (ISA) using ISFA, (3) accuracy assessment of mapping results and (4) change analysis of urban growth. The mapping results compared with the ground reference data confirmed the validity of ISFA for automatic delineation of ISA in the study region. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient achieved for 2001 were 92.8% and 0.86, while the values for 2014 were 91.8% and 0.84, respectively. The results of change detection between the classification maps indicated that ISA increased approximately 1956.7 ha from 2001 to 2014, mainly attributing to the increase of the city’s population. 相似文献
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Acquisition probability differences in cloud coverage of the available Landsat observations over mainland Southeast Asia from 1986 to 2015 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Landsat data are the longest available records that consistently document global change. However, the extent and degree of cloud coverage typically determine its usability, especially in the tropics. In this study, scene-based metadata from the U.S. Geological Survey Landsat inventories, ten-day, monthly, seasonal, and annual acquisition probabilities (AP) of targeted images at various cloud coverage thresholds (10% to 100%) were statistically analyzed using available Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI observations over mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) from 1986 to 2015. Four significant results were found. First, the cumulative average acquisition probability of available Landsat observations over MSEA at the 30% cloud cover (CC) threshold was approximately 41.05%. Second, monthly and ten-day level probability statistics for the 30% CC threshold coincide with the temporal distribution of the dry and rainy seasons. This demonstrates that Landsat images acquired during the dry season satisfy the requirements needed for land cover monitoring. Third, differences in acquisition probabilities at the 30% CC threshold are different between the western and eastern regions of MSEA. Finally, the ability of TM, ETM+, and OLI to acquire high-quality imagery has gradually enhanced over time, especially during the dry season, along with consequently larger probabilities at lower CC thresholds. 相似文献
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Sentinel-2A与Landsat 8O LI逐像元辐射归一化方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑不同传感器光谱响应函数差异及不同地物类型反射率光谱的差异,提出了一种逐像元辐射归一化方法,并以2017年7月17日内蒙古达里诺尔湖地区准同步过境的Sentinel-2A及Landsat 8数据为例,对两类数据可见-近红外波段（VNIR）地表反射率结果进行归一化。首先采用Sen2cor方法及NASA官方提供大气校正算法,分别对Sentinel-2A及Landsat 8 OLI影像进行大气校正并重采样到同一空间分辨率;然后基于光谱库计算匹配因子并构建图像与光谱库之间的匹配转换模型,实现像元尺度上从Sentinel-2影像到Landsat 8影像地表反射率相似波段之间的转换。结果表明,经逐像元归一化的影像相比原始影像及经HLS光谱归一化的影像,与Landsat 8 VNIR波段的相关性明显提高,辐射一致性增强。该转换模型为多源中高分辨率遥感图像高精度辐射归一化提供了新思路。 相似文献
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Multitemporal land cover classification over urban areas is challenging, especially when using heterogeneous data sources with variable quality attributes. A prominent challenge is that classes with similar spectral signatures (such as trees and grass) tend to be confused with one another. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of image point cloud (IPC) data combined with suitable Bayesian analysis based time-series rectification techniques to improve the classification accuracy in a multitemporal context. The proposed method uses hidden Markov models (HMMs) to rectify land covers that are initially classified by a random forest (RF) algorithm. This land cover classification method is tested using time series of remote sensing data from a heterogeneous and rapidly changing urban landscape (Kuopio city, Finland) observed from 2006 to 2014. The data consisted of aerial images (5 years), Landsat data (all 9 years) and airborne laser scanning data (1 year). The results of the study demonstrate that the addition of three-dimensional image point cloud data derived from aerial stereo images as predictor variables improved overall classification accuracy, around three percentage points. Additionally, HMM-based post processing reduces significantly the number of spurious year-to-year changes. Using a set of 240 validation points, we estimated that this step improved overall classification accuracy by around 3.0 percentage points, and up to 6 to 10 percentage points for some classes. The overall accuracy of the final product was 91% (kappa = 0.88). Our analysis shows that around 1.9% of the area around Kuopio city, representing a total area of approximately 0.61 km2, experienced changes in land cover over the nine years considered. 相似文献
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针对BSHTI和IBSHTI两种算法对卫星影像云雾校正后,地表的色调和纹理等细节缺失严重的问题,提出OIBSHTI算法对IBSHTI算法得出的雾厚度图像进行地表信息削减。通过填洼算法去除暗色区域,并引入纹理和边缘信息等进行优化处理,在彻底去除云雾的同时保留地表的色调和纹理,特别是蓝色或红色建筑物房顶的校正效果较为明显。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):504-520
Abstract Because the removal of topographic effects is one the most important pre-processing steps when extracting information from satellite images in digital Earth applications, the problem of differential terrain illumination on satellite imagery has been investigated for at least 20 years. As there is no superior topographic correction method applicable to all areas and all images, a comparison of topographic normalization methods in different regions and images is necessary. In this study, common topographic correction methods were applied on an ALOS AVNIR-2 image of a rugged forest area, and the results were evaluated through different criteria. The results show that the simple correction methods [Cosine, Sun-Canopy-sensor (SCS), and Minnaert correction] are inefficient in exceptionally rough forests. Among the improved correction methods (SCS+C, modified Minnaert, and pixel-based Minnaert), the best result was achieved using a pixel-based Minnaert approach in which a separate correction factor in various slope angles is used. Thus, this method should be considered for topographic correction, especially in forests with severe topography. 相似文献
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Airborne LiDAR data are usually collected with partially overlapping strips in order to serve a seamless and fine resolution mapping purpose. One of the factors limiting the use of intensity data is the presence of striping noise found in the overlapping region. Though recent researches have proposed physical and empirical approaches for intensity data correction, the effect of striping noise has not yet been resolved. This paper presents a radiometric normalization technique to normalize the intensity data from one data strip to another one with partial overlap. The normalization technique is built based on a second-order polynomial function fitted on the joint histogram plot, which is generated with a set of pairwise closest data points identified within the overlapping region. The proposed method was tested with two individual LiDAR datasets collected by Teledyne Optech's Gemini (1064?nm) and Orion (1550?nm) sensors. The experimental results showed that radiometric correction and normalization can significantly reduce the striping noise found in the overlapping LiDAR intensity data and improve its capability in land cover classification. The coefficient of variation of five selected land cover features was reduced by 19–65%, where a 9–18% accuracy improvement was achieved in different classification scenarios. With the proven capability of the proposed method, both radiometric correction and normalization should be applied as a pre-processing step before performing any surface classification and object recognition. 相似文献
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针对卫星遥感影像的雾区检测和校正问题,提出了一种暗通道图像DCM与雾厚度图像HTM结合的DCM-HTM遥感影像去雾算法。算法基于暗通道原理,采用mean-shift均值漂移滤波和直方图自动阈值来检测雾区域;同时通过不重叠窗口获取HTM;最后在检测出的雾区内实现去雾校正处理。实验结果表明,算法能较准确地检测出影像上的雾区域,能在影像正常区域不受影响的前提下,有针对性地对受雾影响区域进行校正,校正效果较整幅影像的去雾校正有较大改善。 相似文献
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全球地表覆盖遥感制图与关键技术研究项目要求对两个基准年度(2000年、2010年)全球30 m分辨率的多光谱遥感数据进行辐射处理和几何精纠正处理,为地表覆盖制图完成数据准备。数据以Landsat TM/ETM+为主,HJ-1A/B CCD数据为补充,共计2万多景影像需要进行辐射处理,有1000多景HJ-1A/B CCD影像需要几何精纠正。如此大规模的数据处理,自动化处理是必然的选择。本文介绍了HJ-1A/B CCD图像几何精纠正自动化实现中关键问题的解决方法和精度评价结果,Landsat TM/ETM+和HJ-1A/B CCD图像自动化辐射校正中关键问题的解决方法和精度评价结果,以及大规模的数据处理活动引发的一些思考。 相似文献
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通过遥感影像云量数据和地面站点日照百分率观测数据建立遥感集成日照百分率模型,模拟遥感集成日照百分率的空间分布。基本思路是以空间尺度上的富余弥补时间尺度上的稀缺。云的移动是连续的,所以一幅云量遥感影像中,某一格网点周围一定区域范围内的云量都有可能对该点日照情况产生影响,因此对遥感总云量数据在日照轨迹内及云移动所经路径内重采样,能够更接近可照时段内云量的真实情况。然后按云量和日照百分率的负相关性,建立了日尺度的日照百分率遥感集成综合模型,实现对遥感集成日照百分率的模拟,完成日照百分率的遥感集成空间分布模拟图。结果表明：（1）重采样后的总云量克服了云量观测在时间上的局限性;（2）遥感集成日照百分率克服了气象站点空间上的局限性;（3）遥感集成日照百分率模型模拟精度相对插值法有显著的提高。 相似文献