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1.
大气长波的发展和演变影响着大气的可预报性,并对提高天气预报和气候预测水平有重要的意义.在影响大气长波演变的因子中,除波与波非线性相互作用外,基流的作用也非常重要.本文利用非均匀基本场下Rossby波运动方程,通过数值求解,分析了基本场结构和初始场对Rossby波演变的影响,揭示了纬向非均匀基本场对长波调整的作用.研究结果表明:基流纬向非均匀时,线性Rossby波也会出现长波调整现象,基流随纬向变化是长波发生调整的又一个重要机制;大气长波调整对波动的初始振幅不敏感,但基本场振幅影响着长波调整能否出现和出现的时间;基本场纬向平均西风基流的大小除影响波动传播的速度和方向外,还影响长波调整出现的时间和规律;长波调整的出现还与基本场和初始场的结构有关,不同基本场时,波动是否发生调整、向高波数还是向低波数调整都决定于基本场结构,相同基本场时,不同初始结构的波动也有着不同的演变过程. 相似文献
2.
非绝热条件下的波流相互作用与大气能量循环 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在传统的波与流相互作用理论的基础上, 推导了准地转框架下包含非绝热效应的E-P通量, 证明了由Eliassen和Palm导得的波动能量关系与由Lorenz导得的大气能量循环关系的一致性. 大尺度定常波的波动能量传播过程实质上是大气能量循环过程的一部分, 大气中的平均流能量向波动能量的转换就是局地波能通量散度的全球质量积分, 也即是局地波动能源的全球积分.利用NCEP/NCAR资料对北半球各纬带不同季节大气波动能源和E-P通量的诊断分析表明传统的绝热条件下的E-P通量仅能表征冬季的波能输送情况, 其他季节必须要考虑非绝热加热的影响. 相似文献
3.
夏季欧亚中高纬大气低频振荡的纬向传播特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用经验正交函数分解、线性回归和位相分析等方法,分析了夏季(5～8月)欧亚中高纬度地区主要低频周期的低频环流的纬向传播特征,并对其环流实体进行了探讨.分析结果表明,夏季欧亚中高纬度对流层中层(500hPa)的低频振荡周期主要集中在10～30d,该低频振荡同时存在明显的经向(向南)和纬向(向西)传播特征.着重分析其中的纬向传播特征后得出,其纬向平均传播速度约为9～10经度d-1.进一步分析表明,在东半球,北半球夏季极涡的最南端随10～30d的低频位相向西顺时针偏转.表征东半球大槽位置的5400,5500gpm等值线最南端,其随低频振荡位相亦有明显向西移动的特征.其中,5500gpm等值线最南端的移动速度也约为9～10经度d-1.此外,10～30d的低频冷空气也存在着随低频位相向西传播的特征.欧亚中高纬度低频振荡环流的向西传播是极涡向西顺时针旋转现象在低频尺度上的体现.与极涡或槽脊活动密切相连的冷空气即为夏季欧亚中高纬度10～30d低频振荡的环流实体. 相似文献
4.
用正压模式,通过对截谱方程的本征值和初值问题的研究,揭示了纬向非均匀气流中局地二维不稳定对1991年7月江淮流域暴雨形成的动力机制.理论分析和数值实验结果表明:(1)不稳定发展的模态主要是44d和10d左右周期,与江淮地区降水变化的周期基本一致;(2)局地扰动增长率以经向波数n=1～5,纬向波数k=1～12等波为最大.即江淮暴雨是不同纬度、不同尺度波动系统相互作用的结果;(3)扰动在江淮地区具有局地增幅的性质,初值计算表明扰动在长江下中游向西缓慢移动;(4)不稳定增长率特别是扰动的传播速度对外部参数■,a具有敏感性. 相似文献
5.
本文采用OLR和风场等NCEP再分析资料、日本APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水资料和CPC提供的MJO指数,分析了1979～2008年南海夏季风的季节内振荡特征和年际差异、对应的低频环流和对流场及降水分布、夏季风ISO的传播路径以及热带印度洋MJO对南海夏季风ISO的影响,发现：（1）气候均态下的南海夏季风在夏季（5～8月）共有3次ISO波动.每一次完整波动中经历发展-最强-减弱-抑制-最弱-恢复的6个位相（弱位相除外）.由于热带低频对流的东传和北传,在阿拉伯海-西太平洋纬带上,1～3位相和4～6位相的低频对流场和环流场呈反位相特征.对应雨带分布在1～3位相和4～6位相也大致呈反位相特征,20°N以南的热带地区主要是雨带随着低频对流的东移而东移,而20°N以北的东亚副热带地区则主要是雨带随着南海低频对流的北移而北移.（2）南海夏季风ISO强度具有显著年际变化特征.在南海夏季风ISO强年,夏季共有3次较强的ISO波动,前两次均来自于热带印度洋ISO先北传到孟加拉湾、再沿10°～20°N纬带东传到南海、在南海加强并激发ISO的北传,构成热带印度洋ISO向我国华南的经纬向接力传播;而在南海夏季风ISO弱年,其振荡强度大为减小且很不规律,ISO的经纬向传播也较弱;在平均状况下,热带印度洋ISO向南海的传播需要约20d左右（1/2个ISO周期）的时间.（3）MJO1（CPC提供的MJO指数第一模态）在4月第1～2候的平均值与南海夏季风ISO强度呈显著负相关,当热带印度洋MJO在4月第1～2候较活跃时,在随后5～8月中也大致偏强,ISO向南海地区的传播也较强,使得南海夏季风ISO加强;反之,则南海夏季风ISO将减弱.MJO在4月第1～2候的异常状况可以为我们预测随后的南海夏季风ISO强度以及分析相关地区的降水异常提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
6.
常见弹性波动理论的建立是基于介质均匀这一基本假设,实际介质的非均匀性非常普遍.为研究连续介质中波的传播特征,本文从弹性力学中建立弹性波动方程的三个基本方程出发,考虑连续介质弹性参数的空变特征,建立非均匀介质的弹性波动方程,利用Alkhalifah声学近似思想建立位移表征的纵波波动方程,利用本征值问题求解方法建立标量波频率-波数域传播算子,从而建立描述纵波传播的标量波方程,其中波函数为纵波位移的散度,不同于均匀介质标量波方程的波函数为位移势.随后推导含PML边界波动方程差分格式并建立不同模型数值模拟进行数值试算,与均匀假设标量波方程和变密度方程对比证明本方法的准确性和稳定性. 相似文献
7.
切变基本纬向流中非线性赤道Rossby长波 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解决观测和理论研究中的一些问题以及更好地了解热带大气动力学 ,有必要进一步研究基本气流的变化对大气中赤道Rossby波动的影响 .本文研究分析基本气流对赤道Rossby长波的影响 ,利用一个简单赤道 β平面浅水模式和摄动法 ,研究纬向基本气流切变中非线性赤道Rossby波 ,推导出在切变基本纬向流中赤道Rossby长波振幅演变所满足的非线性KdV方程并得到其孤立波解 .分析表明 ,孤立波存在的必要条件是基本气流有切变 ,而且基流切变不能太强 ,否则将产生正压不稳定 . 相似文献
8.
地震波动数值模拟方法研究非均匀介质中地震波传波问题不仅是十分重要的理论课题,而且应用也极为广泛.
本文用错格实数傅立叶变换微分(SGRFFTD)拟谱法的数值模拟求解波动方程,分析了地震波在冲积扇,盆地域中等多种不均匀地震构造体的地球表层区域的传播过程和地面运动分布. 相似文献
9.
本文基于描述可压缩大气静力适应过程的线性模型,分别采用正交模法和WKBJ法,从波动响应的角度研究了风垂直切变对大气静力适应过程的影响.结合实际天气现象构造了四种风垂直切变模型,分别为垂直无切变的定常模型、类似锋面特征的线性切变模型、表征东风急流的反气旋式切变模型和类似西风急流的气旋式切变模型.分析了相应模型下静力适应过程中的波动特征及波能量演变规律.得到结论:(1)在定常模型中,破坏静力平衡的能量激发出四支两两成对的、传播性质类似声波和重力波的波动,波动能量在闭合系统假设下为守恒量;(2)风切变的存在改变了波动及其能量的传播特征,也改变了波动能量的守恒性;(3)在大气稳定层结下,若波动多普勒频率大于0且小于0.7倍的浮力振荡频率,则发展(衰亡)型波动的螺旋结构分别为:(a)在线性切变模型中,等相位线自下而上需向西(东)倾斜;(b)在反气旋式切变模型中,等相位线在急流轴上层自下而上需向西(东)倾斜,在急流轴下层自下而上需向东(西)倾斜;(c)在气旋式切变模型中,等相位线在急流轴上层自下而上需向东(西)倾斜,在急流轴下层自下而上需向西(东)倾斜;若波动多普勒频率大于0.7倍的浮力振荡频率,则情形相反. 相似文献
10.
本文利用中纬站点Miramar Nas(32.87°N,117.15°W)的探空数据提取了对流层和低平流层的惯性重力波参数并计算了动量通量-相速度谱.分析表明低层大气重力波动量通量谱很好地满足高斯分布.高斯拟合的参数分析显示:(1)冬季西风急流对向东传播的波的吸收使得对流层向西传播的波的高斯峰值明显强于向东传播的波;(2)重力波在由对流层向平流层的传播过程中谱展会增大,这可能是波与背景相互作用以及波-波相互作用的结果;(3)急流对重力波的吸收与反射以及对流层顶附近波的耗散使得低平流层总动量通量远小于对流层的.受背景风场影响,谱的季节变化呈现出一定规律.多普勒效应对谱产生了两方面的影响,一方面背景风较大时多普勒效应会使谱展宽,另一方面多普勒效应会显著改变谱的中心本征相速度,使得动量通量谱在同一方向上呈现不对称性. 相似文献
11.
In the present paper zonal mean flow excitation by inertial waves is studied in analogy to mean flow excitation by gravity waves that plays an important role for the quasi-biennial oscillation in the equatorial atmosphere. In geophysical flows that are stratified and rotating, pure gravity and inertial waves correspond to the two limiting cases: gravity waves neglect rotation, inertial waves neglect stratification. The former are more relevant for fluids like the atmosphere, where stratification is dominant, the latter for the deep oceans or planet cores, where rotation dominates. In the present study a hierarchy of simple analytical and numerical models of zonally symmetric inertial wave-mean flow interactions is considered and the results are compared with data from a laboratory experiment. The main findings can be summarised as follows: (i) when the waves are decoupled from the mean flow they just drive a retrograde (eastward) zonal mean flow, independent of the sign of the meridional phase speed; (ii) when coupling is present and the zonal mean flow is assumed to be steady, the waves can drive vertically alternating jets, but still, in contrast to the gravity wave case, the structure is independent of the sign of the meridional phase speed; (iii) when coupling is present and time-dependent zonal mean flows are considered the waves can drive vertically and temporarily oscillating mean flows. The comparison with laboratory data from a rotating annulus experiment shows a qualitative agreement. It appears that the experiment captures the basic elements of the inertial wave mean flow coupling. The results might be relevant to understand how the Equatorial Deep Jets can be maintained against dissipation, a process currently discussed controversially. 相似文献
12.
Charles A. Lin 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):227-259
Abstract A high vertical resolution model is used to examine the instability of a baroclinic zonal flow and a finite amplitude topographically forced wave. Two families of unstable modes are found, consisting of zonally propagating most unstable modes, and stationary unstable modes. The former have time scale and spatial structure similar to baroclinic synoptic disturbances, but are localized in space due to interaction with the zonally asymmetric forcing. These modes transport heat efficiently in both the zonal and meridional directions. The second family of stationary unstable modes has characteristics of modes of low frequency variability of the atmosphere. They have time scales of 10 days and longer, and are of planetary scale with an equivalent barotropic vertical structure. The horizontal structure resembles blocking flows. They are maintained by available potential energy of the basic wave, and have large zonal heat fluxes. The results for both families of modes are interpreted in terms of an interaction between forcing and baroclinic instability to create favoured regions for eddy development. Applications to baroclinic planetary waves are also considered. 相似文献
13.
Richard B. Rood 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(5-6):1049-1064
The transport mechanisms responsible for the seasonal behavior of total ozone are deduced from the comparison of model results
to stratospheric data. The seasonal transport is dominated by a combination of the diabatic circulation and transient planetary
wave activity acting on a diffusively and photochemically determined background state. The seasonal variation is not correctly
modeled as a diffusive process.
The buildup of total ozone at high latitudes during winter is dependent upon transient planetary wave activity of sufficient
strength to cause the breakdown of the polar vortex. While midwinter warmings are responsible for enhanced ozone transport
to high latitudes, the final warming marking the transition from zonal mean westerlies to zonal mean easterlies is the most
important event leading to the spring maximum. The final warming is not followed by reacceleration of the mean flow; so that
the ozone transport associated with this event is more pronounced than that associated with midwinter warmings. 相似文献
14.
Douglas A. Abbott 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(5-6):1111-1130
A three-level, -plane, filtered model is used to simulate the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. A time-averaged initial state, devoid of sub-planetary scale waves, is integrated through 30 days on a 5° latitude-longitude grid. Day 25 through day 30 integrations are then repeated on a 2.5° grid. The planetary-scale waves are forced by time-independent, spatially varying diabatic heating. Energy is extracted via internal and surface frictional processes. Orography is excluded to simplify synoptic-scale energy sources.During integration the model energy first increases, but stabilizes near day 10. Subsequent flow patterns closely resemble the hemisphere summer monsoon. Climatological features remain quasi-stationary. At 200 mb high pressure dominates the land area, large-scale troughs are found over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the easterly jet forms south of Asia, and subtropical jets develop in the westerlies. At 800 mb subtropical highs dominate the oceans and the monsoon trough develops over the Asian land mass. The planetary scales at all levels develop a realistic cellular structure from the passage of transient synoptic-scale features, e.g., a baroclinic cyclone track develops near 55°N and westward propagating waves form in the easterlies.Barotropic redistribution of kinetic energy is examined over a low-latitude zonal strip using a Fourier wave-space. In contrast to higher latitudes where the zonal flow and both longer and shorter waves are fed by barotropic energy redistribution from the baroclinically unstable wavelengths, the low-latitude waves have a planetary-scale kinetic energy source. Wave numbers 1 and 2 maintain both the zonal flow and all shorter scales via barotropic transfers. Transient and standing wave processes are examined individually and in combination.Wave energy accumulates at wave numbers 7 and 8 at 200 mb and at wave number 11 in the lower troposphere. The 800-mb waves are thermally indirect and in the mean they give energy to the zonal flow. These characteristics agree with atmospheric observation. The energy source for these waves is the three wave barotropic transfer. The implications of examining barotropic processes in a Fourier wave-space, vice the more common approach of separating the flow into a mean plus a deviation are discussed. 相似文献
15.
利用位于海南富克(19.5°N,109.1°E)和广西桂平(23.4°N,110.1°E)两个台站两年多的OH全天空气辉成像仪观测数据,对中国低纬地区的重力波传播统计特征进行了研究.从富克和桂平的气辉成像观测中, 分别提取了65和86个重力波事件.研究结果表明,观测水平波长,观测周期和水平相速度分别集中分布在10~35 km, 4~14 min和20~90 m·s-1范围.重力波传播方向,在夏季表现出很强的东北方向传播.然而,在冬季主要沿东南和西南方向传播. 同时,结合流星雷达风场观测和TIMED/SABER卫星的温度数据,也发现在中层-低热层中传播的大多数重力波表现为耗散传播.且低层-中层大气中背景风场的滤波作用和多普勒频移可能对纬向方向传播的重力波产生的各向异性起到重要的调制作用.然而,经向方向传播的重力波产生的各向异性可能同时被低层大气中波源的非均匀分布以及潮汐变化所影响. 相似文献
16.
Fourier analysis of the monthly mean northern hemispheric geopotential heights for the levels 700 mb and 300 mb are undertaken for the months of April through to August. The wave to wave and wave to zonal mean flow kinetic energy interactions are computed for specified latitude bands of the northern hemisphere during the pre-monsoon period (April to May) and monsoon period (June through to August) for bad monsoon years (1972, 1974, 1979) and for years of good monsoon rainfall over India (1967, 1973, 1977). Planetary scale waves (waves 1 to 4) are the major kinetic energy source in the upper atmosphere during the monsoon months. Waves 1 and 2 in particular are a greater source of kinetic energy to other waves via both wave to wave interactions as well as wave to zonal mean flow interactions in good monsoon years than in bad monsoon years. The zonal mean flow shows significantly larger gains in the kinetic energy with a strengthening of zonal westerlies in good monsoon years than in bad monsoon years. 相似文献
17.
Gregory M. Zhikharev 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3-4):259-279
Abstract A spectral low-order model is proposed in order to investigate some effects of bottom corrugation on the dynamics of forced and free Rossby waves. The analysis of the interaction between the waves and the topographic modes in the linear version of the model shows that the natural frequencies lie between the corresponding Rossby wave frequencies for a flat bottom and those applying in the “topographic limit” when the beta-effect is zero. There is a possibility of standing or eastward-travelling free waves when the integrated topograhic effect exceeds the planetary beta-effect. The nonlinear interactions between forced waves in the presence of topography and the beta-effect give rise to a steady dynamical mode correlated to the topographic mode. The periodic solution that includes this steady wave is stable when the forcing field moves to the West with relatively large phase speed. The energy of this solution may be transferred to the steady zonal shear flow if the spatial scale of this zonal mode exceeds the scale of the directly forced large-scale dynamical mode. 相似文献
18.
R. Alan Plumb 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):233-242
Quasi-stationary planetary waves exhibit different seasonal behaviour in the two winter stratospheres. Whereas, in a climatological sense, wave amplitudes are large throughout northern winter, in the Southern Hemisphere there is a climatological minimum in midwinter. It is suggested here that the southern hemisphere behaviour is basically linear, the midwinter minimum arising from the opacity of the strong westerlies of southern midwinter to stationary wave propagation. On the other hand, it is further suggested that, in the northern hemisphere winter, the westerlies are prevented from becoming so strong (in a climatological sense) by the action of the waves themselves on the means state and that the penetration of large-scale waves into the midwinter northern stratosphere thus depends on a nonlinear feedback process. Preliminary tests of this hypothesis are conducted, using a highly truncated beta-plane model of the stratospheric flow. 相似文献
19.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(8)
This study first investigates the effect of the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO) on the Northern Hemisphere(NH)mesosphere. Both observations and simulations suggest significant cooling in the NH polar mesosphere approximately 35 days after MJO phase 4(P4), which lags the MJO-induced perturbation in the upper stratosphere by 10 days. The enhanced planetary waves(PWs) propagate upward and result in wavenumber-1 pattern temperature anomalies in the mesosphere lagging MJO P4 by 25 days. The anomalous PWs also lead to the weaker eastward zonal wind in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere lagging MJO P4 by 30 days. Simultaneously, the weaker westerlies result in weaker climatological westward gravity waves(GWs) in the mesosphere due to critical-level filtering. The mesosphere meridional circulation is suppressed due to both anomalous PWs and GWs, and this suppression causes polar mesospheric cooling lagging MJO P4 by 35 days. 相似文献