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本文以Ag_2S银离子电极为指示电极,第二种离子选择电极为参比电极组成无液接测量系统,对海水中高含量氯的测定进行了研究。试验表朋,以氟电极或玻璃电极作参比电极,在酸性溶液中,电位突跃约为140mV,终点明显,尤其是氟电极作参比电极,电位较稳定。证明了在酸性溶液中,可以不加有机试剂直接测定海水中高含量氯。 相似文献
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Computer-processed potentiometric titration for the determination of calcium and magnesium in sea water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An improved potentiometric titration method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in sea water has been newly devised. In this method, a mini-computer is used for the automation of titrations, and ion-selective electrodes are used as an end-point detector. Calcium is determined by titration with EGTA, and total alkaline earth metals (magnesium + calcium + strontium) by titration with EDTA. Magnesium can be determined by the difference, strontium having been determined by a suitable method. In the present method, calcium and magnesium in sea water can be determined with a precision of 0.1 %. 相似文献
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Partial equivalent conductances and partial equivalent volumes of the major constituents in seawater were used to evaluate the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationships in the marine environment. For example, in the open ocean, the relationships between Cl‰ and both S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.014‰ and 0.014 σt, respectively. The relationships between conductivity and S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.006‰ and 0.007 σt. In river diluted nearshore areas specific gravity anomalies inferred from Cl‰, can be as great as 0.06 σt and 0.04 σt when inferred from a conductivity ratio measurement. 相似文献
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Behaviour of industrially added boron in the well mixed Ambika river estuary of South Gujarat, India has been studied along with that of calcium and magnesium. The ratios of Ca : Cl and Mg : Cl at varying chlorinities were always within the normal ranges found in river water at one end and seawater at the other end. B : Cl exceeded the river water end limit at the ebb tide at an upstream station. Percentage addition or removal of boron, calcium and magnesium was calculated using the concept of the theoretical dilution line. The external input raised the boron concentration by 263% in the vicinity of the industrial discharge. A correlation coefficient of ?0·82 between chlorinity and percentage addition or removal of boron supports the theory of boron incorporation in sediments in amounts proportional to salinity. Inverse relationship between percentage addition or removal of boron and suspended solids was observed. Behaviour of calcium and magnesium was in line with the replacement of Ca2+ ions occupying the majority of ion-exchange sites in riverine clays by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ during their first encounter with seawater. 相似文献
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This is a paper dealing mainly with the accumulation and biological cycle of calcium and magnesium elements of the artificial 20-years old Kandelia candel community in the Jiulongjiang River Estuary of Fujian Province, China.The result of measurements is that the quantities of the two elements in the standing crop are (kg·ha-1) 772.91 for Ca and 526.57 for Mg.In the biological cycle of the two elements, the annual uptakes are 174.86 for Ca and 89.30 for Mg (kg·ha-1); the amounts of Ca and Mg returned via litter fall are estimated to be (kg·ha-1·a-1) 103.28 for Ca and 40.42 for Mg; the annual retention are (kg·ha-1·a-1) 71.58 for Ca and 48.88 for Mg, respectively.The turnover periods of Ca and Mg are 8 and 13 years, respectively. 相似文献
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The non-ideality of commercially available glass pH electrode normally used for alkalinity determination by the Gran-type titration has been examined and its effect on the accuracy of the estimated alkalinity evaluated. It is found that slope errors of the glass electrode could be a limiting factor to the accuracy that can be obtained. This error source could be eliminated altogether by applying the proposed ‘slope correction’ algorithm which uses the titration data for in situ slope calibration of the glass electrode. Application of the proposed method eliminates the need for calibration of the glass electrode and the requirement for thermostating the test solution. 相似文献
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It has been found experimentally that the intensity of the leaching under the interaction of volcanic ash and seawater decreases as Ca > Mg > Si, and the mobilization of calcium and magnesium is more intense compared to silicon by factors of 30?C70 and 20?C50, respectively. Calcium and magnesium supplied to seawater owing to the halmyrolysis of the terrigenous pyroclastic matter may then interact with the products of organic matter oxidation to fix the free carbon dioxide in the form of autochthonous carbonates. It was shown that the halmyrolysis of terrigenous pyroclastic matter could not provide the complete immobilization of the autochthonous CO2 produced in the ocean by the oxidation of organic matter. Thus, some other sources exist for the reactive silicates of calcium and magnesium, and these might probably be the silicates of the continental runoff of solid substances. 相似文献
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Fish growth and the relation between growth and environmental conditions offer a good opportunity for measuring alkaline and earthy ions in fish otoliths.The analytical method must involve high sensitivity when attempting to discriminate between fish growth and environmental conditions.The aim of this paper is to propose a chromatographic method, with low detection limits, as a new approach in determining some important micronutrients present in sea water and fish otoliths.The work samples are: coastal, off-shore and sediment waters and fish otoliths (Engraulis encrasicholus, Mullus barbatus, Umbrina cirrhosa, Sciaena umbra, Pagellus erythrinus) in the Adriatic Sea and the Canal of Sicily.The analytical method includes an IONPAC CS12A chromatographic column and a 18 mM methanesulfonic acid eluent.The detection limit readings obtained with this method, for one E. encrasicholus fish otolith, weighing 2.6 mg are equal or inferior to 0.1 μg/L for lithium (Li), 59 μg/L for sodium (Na), 46 μg/L for ammonium (NH4), 23 μg/L for potassium (K), 13 μg/L for magnesium (Mg), 88 μg/L for manganese (Mn), 2.567 μg/L for calcium (Ca) and 13 μg/L for strontium (Sr).The HPIC method minimizes overlaps such as Na on Li, and NH4 in seawater and Ca on Mg and Sr in fish otolith. These elements are an essential constituent present in otoliths when describing the relation between growth and environmental conditions.Good separation among analytes is achieved within 16 min. 相似文献
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A complexometric titration technique was employed to measure the total capacity of a variety of marine organisms to adsorb Cu2+. Measured adsorption capacities were 0.22 meq g−1 for phytoplankton, 0.3–1.0 meq g−1 for macrophytes, 1.0–2.5 meq g−1 for zooplankton and 0.3 meq g−1 for suspended particulate matter. The capacity of these materials to adsorb Cu2+ was reduced significantly in the presence of Mg2+ at seawater concentrations. Competition between Mgt2+ and Cu2+ for adsorption sites at pH 6 is described by an average conditional equilibrium constant of 103.7. This constant is such that very little Cu2+ may be adsorbed onto particulates and marine phytoplankton in the presence of Mg2+. Further, primary productivity data and estimates of the detrital carbon sedimentation in Long Island Sound suggest that the flux of particulate carbon is insufficient to remove significant amounts of Cu from the water column to sediments by adsorption mechanisms. 相似文献
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Conny Haraldsson Leif G. Anderson Martin Hassellöv Stefan Hulth Kristina Olsson 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1997,44(12):2031-2044
A system for rapid, high precision potentiometric determination of alkalinity in sea water and sediment pore water is presented. Two titration units were used: a 40 ml unit for seawater and a small volume unit for sediment pore water. Titration time was normally less than 10 minutes per sample, including sample exchange. With a 40 ml sample volume, the relative standard deviation of the alkalinity obtained in the laboratory was 0.05% and at sea 0.1 %. The small-volume system (0.5–1.5 ml) gave a precision of 0.07%. Five titration points, in two groups after the second equivalence point, were used to evaluate the equivalence volume. Results from equilibrium calculations and computer simulated alkalinity titrations show that it was possible to use a non-modified Gran function [(V0 +v)*10(E/Z)] and still achieve good accuracy and precision. 相似文献
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本文报道了笔者对四十六枚现生和化石四组介形类标本(现生海洋、现生淡水湖泊、化石海相、化石陆相介形类)壳体的内表皮层(即钙质层)进行能谱无机成份定量分析的结果。初步研究表明:介形类钙质壳体中各微量元素的出现频度、平均含量、钙镁比值等有关指数与它们的生活环境有密切关系。 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》1991,32(2-4)
The adsorption of trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg) on calcite, kaolinite and bentonite has been studied in Krka river water of various salinities (S = 3, 20 and 38‰).Model experiments were performed at pH 8 in natural water and in UV-irradiated water samples to determine the importance of natural soluble organic matter. Cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the Hg determination, and a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method for determination of other trace metals, using either a hanging mercury drop electrode or a mercury-coated glassy carbon working electrode. The following results have been obtained on calcite:
- 1. (1) a powerful absorption of Pb and Zn was observed for both natural and UV-irradiated waters at S=20‰;
- 2. (2) a strong adsorption of Hg was observed in natural water, and significantly lower adsorption in UV-irradiated water at all three salinities, particularly at low salinity;
- 3. (3) Cd adsorption was of medium intensity in both waters at S=20‰;
- 4. (4) Cu was practically not adsorbable in both waters at S=20‰ if the total Cu ion concentration was lower than the copper complexing capacity value;
- 5. (5) Cu adsorption was of a medium intensity at S=38‰. It has not influenced by the EDTA model ligand.
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东海沉积物间隙水中K,Na,Xa,Mg硅酸盐的热力学平衡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了东海沉积物间隙水中Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ硅酸盐的热力学平衡，结果表明，间隙水中的镁有明显转移，在较高的ｐＨ（〉８．５）下，可形成带Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２夹层的无序海泡石（Ｗ）沉淀，从而有效地除去间隙水中的镁及溶解硅，海底到盐矿物钙长石，钾长石可风化为钙蒙脱石，高岭石等，钠长石仅表现为溶解，使间隙水中钠浓度增高。 相似文献
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Determinations of copper consumption capacity (CuCs.C) and labile copper concentrations in surface coastal seawater, using a copper ion selective electrode (Cu-ISE) potentiometric method under predominantly diffusive conditions, are reported. For evaluation of the copper concentrations, the points of the endpoint contiguity zone of the CuCs.C titration curve were treated by an ISE multiple standard addition technique. The results were compared with those obtained by means of a Chelex-100 (calcic form) ‘batch’ procedure-potentiometric stripping analysis.The labile copper of the sample was determined at concentrations down to 10.70 nM with an average RSD of 12%, independent of the Cu-ISE employed. For adjacent subsamples, the mean CuCs.C values obtained for El Way seawater were equivalent to 81.05 and 48.00 nM copper, with an RSD of 4 and 7%, and for Isla Santa Maria seawater the value was equivalent to 70.27 nM copper, with an RSD of 7%. The theoretical approach of the electrode diffusive mechanism proposed, which would depend, fundamentally, on the adsorptive, complexing and reducing properties of the dissolved organic matter in the seawater sample, allows simultaneous analytical determination of CuCs.C and labile copper concentration in seawater. 相似文献
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James N. Butler 《Marine Chemistry》1992,38(3-4)
Displaying “calculated minus observed” data for precise titrations of seawater with strong acid permits direct evaluation of important parameters and detection of systematic errors.At least two data sets from the GEOSECS (Geochemical Ocean Sections) program fit an equilibrium model (which includes carbonate, borate, sulfate, silicate, fluoride, and phosphate) within the most stringent experimental error, less than 2 μmol kg−1. The effect of various parameters on the fit of calculated to observed values depends strongly on pH. Although standard potential E0, total alkalinity At, total carbonate Ct, and first acidity constant of carbon dioxide pK1 are nearly independent, and can be determined for each data set, other parameters are strongly correlated. Within such groups, all but one parameter must be determined from data other than the titration curve.Adding an acid-base pair to the theoretical model (e.g. Cx=20 μmol kg−1, pKx=6.2) produces a deviation approaching 20 μmol kg−1 at constant Ct; however, adjustment of Ct by about −18 μmol kg−1 to produce a good fit leaves only ± 1.5 μmol kg−1 residual deviation from the reference values. Thus, at current standards of precision, an unidentified weak acid cannot be distinguished from carbonate purely on the basis of the titration curve shape.There are few full sets of numerical data published, and most show larger systematic errors (3–12 μmol l−1) than the above; one well-defined source is experiments performed in unsealed vessels. Total carbonate can be explicitly obtained as a function of pH by a rearrangement of the titration curve equation; this can reveal a systematic decrease in Ct in the pH range 5–6, as a result of CO2 gas loss from the titration vessel. Attempts to compensate for this by adjustment of At, Ct, or pK1 produce deviations which mimic those produced by an additional acid-base pair.Changing from the free H+ scale (for which [HSO4−] and [HF] are explicit terms in the alkalinity) to the seawater scale (SWS) (where those terms are part of a constant factor multiplying [H+]) requires modification of the titration curve equation as well as adjustment of acidity constants. Even with this change, however, omission of pH-dependent terms in [HSO4−] and [HF] produces small systematic errors at low pH.Shifts in liquid junction potential also introduce small systematic errors, but are significant only at pH <3. High-pH errors due to response of the glass electrode to Na+ as well as H+ can be adequately compensated to pH 9.5 by a linear selectivity expression. 相似文献
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Mindhola River estuary, which receives industrial waste containing high concentrations of fluoride, and Purna River estuary, which is free from fluoride contamination, have been investigated. While fluoride behaved conservatively in Purna River estuary, significant deviation from the theoretical dilution line (TDL) in the chlorinity range 0·5–8‰ was observed in Mindhola River estuary due to the externally added fluoride which largely remained in solution. The excess of fluroide over the theoretically calculated value was at a maximum around a chlorinity of 3‰. High natural fluoride content of the river waters resulted in F/Cl ratios exceeding 300 × 10−5 at low chlorinities. The ratio decreased rapidly with increasing chlorinity and the value near to that of seawater was observed at chlorinities above 14‰. 相似文献
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以烟台海域淡干海带为实验材料,对浸洗前后其主要金属元素含量及海藻酸根阴离子基团含量进行了研究。结果表明:淡干海带经过浸洗后钾、钠元素含量下降60%以上,镁元素含量下降31.6%,钙、锶元素含量下降小于10%,海藻酸根阴离子基团相对含量上升了一倍;通过比较主要金属阳离子和海藻酸根阴离子基团含量,证明浸洗之后的海带样品中各金属元素主要以海藻酸盐的形式存在于海带中,计算得到各类海藻酸盐含量(湿重,wt%)依次为:海藻酸钾22.2%、海藻酸钙14.6%、海藻酸镁11.4%、海藻酸钠10.5%。XRD(X-Ray Diffraction,X射线衍射)分析表明海带浸出物含有无机盐类物质,在浸洗之后海带样品无明显无机盐的衍射峰,证明浸洗可除去海带样品中的无机盐。 相似文献