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1.
地下介质的电阻率常常表现为各向异性,海底褶皱带、逆冲断层带和倾斜层状沉积序列等地质构造可能形成宏观电阻率倾斜各向异性。这里采用规则矩形网格剖分有限元法,实现了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)正演算法,模拟了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性模型海洋可控源电磁场响应。模型计算结果表明,电阻率倾斜各向异性围岩对含有海底高阻薄层的海洋可控源电磁响应产生严重畸变影响。因此,在海洋电磁资料解释中,电阻率倾斜各向异性的影响应该得到重视,忽略该影响将可能会导致数据解释错误。 相似文献
2.
各向异性介质中的浅海海洋可控源电磁响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于受到空气波的影响,浅海海洋可控源电磁数据对海底储油层的反映较弱,如何对浅海数据进行处理和解释一直是海洋电磁理论研究的热点。随着近年来海洋电磁理论的不断完善,浅海数据已经可以被较好地处理与反演,但是其解释水平仍然受基本理论研究不足的制约。针对这一现状,本文开展了海底电各向异性对浅海数据影响规律的研究。具体方法为:利用欧拉旋转建立不同的海底电性各向异性模型,然后采用交错网格有限差分法计算浅海海洋可控源电磁响应,最后通过分析同线情况下电场Ex分量的振幅和相位曲线特征以及海底电场及电流密度分布规律,分析各向异性对浅海海洋可控源电磁响应影响的物理机制,并讨论浅海各向异性情况下海洋电磁对高阻储油层的识别能力。得出的结论为各向异性介质中的浅海海洋电磁响应特征与深海有较大区别,在进行数据的处理、反演和解释时应区别于深海情况。 相似文献
3.
We introduce a multi-domain decomposition Fourier finite element (MDDFFE) method for the simulation of three-dimensional (3D) marine controlled source electromagnetic measurement (CSEM). The method combines a 2D finite element (FE) method in two spatial dimensions with a hybrid discretization based on a Fourier FE method along the third dimension. The method employs a secondary field formulation rather than the total field formulation. We apply the MDDFFE method to several synthetic marine CSEM examples exhibiting bathymetry and/or multiple 3D subdomains. Numerical results show that the use of the MDDFFE method reduces the problem size by as much as 87 % in terms of the number of unknowns, without any sacrifice in accuracy. 相似文献
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5.
We simulate direct current (DC) borehole resistivity measurements acquired in steel-cased deviated wells for the assessment
of rock formation properties. The assumed data acquisition configuration considers one current (emitter) and three voltage
(collector) electrodes that are utilized to measure the second difference of the electric potential along the well trajectory.
We assume a homogeneous, 1.27-cm-thick steel casing with resistivity equal to 10 − 5 Ω· m. Simulations are performed with two different numerical methodologies. The first one is based on transferring two-dimensional
(2D) axisymmetric optimal grids to a three-dimensional (3D) simulation software. The second one automatically produces optimal
3D grids yielded by a 3D self-adaptive goal-oriented algorithm. Both methodologies utilize high-order finite elements (FE)
that are specially well-suited for problems with high-contrast coefficients and rapid spatial variations of the electric field,
as it occurs in simulations that involve steel-cased wells. The method based on transferring 2D-optimal grids is efficient
in terms of CPU time (few seconds per logging position). Unfortunately, it may produce inaccurate 3D simulations in deviated
wells, even though the error remains below 1% for the axisymmetric (vertical) well. The method based on optimal 3D grids,
although less efficient in terms of CPU time (few hours per logging position), produces more accurate results that are validated
by a built-in a posteriori error estimator. This paper provides the first existing simulations of through-casing resistivity
measurements in deviated wells. Simulated resistivity measurements indicate that, for a 30° deviated well, measurements in
conductive layers 0.01 Ω· m) are similar to those obtained in vertical wells. However, in resistive layers (10,000 Ω· m),
we observe 100% larger readings in the 30° deviated well. This difference becomes 3,000% for the case of a 60° deviated well.
For this highly-deviated well, readings corresponding to the conductive formation layer are about 30% smaller in magnitude
than those in a vertical well. Shoulder effects significantly vary in deviated wells. 相似文献
6.
A two‐scale modeling of solute transport in double‐porosity (DP) media under unsaturated water flow conditions is presented. The macroscopic model was developed by applying the asymptotic homogenization method. It is based on theoretical and empirical considerations dealing with the orders of magnitude of characteristic quantities involved in the process. For this purpose a physical model that mimics the behavior of DP medium was built. The resulting two‐equation model relies on a coupling exchange term between micro‐ and macro‐porosity subdomains associated with local non‐equilibrium solute concentrations. The model was numerically implemented (Comsol Multiphysics®) to simulate the macroscopic one‐dimensional physical process taking place into the porous medium of 3D periodic microstructure. A series of dispersion experiments of NaCl solution under unsaturated steady‐state flow conditions were performed. The experimental results were used first to calibrate the dispersion coefficient of the model, and second to validate it through two other independent experiments. The excellent agreement between the numerical simulations and the measurements of the time evolution of the non‐symmetrical breakthrough curves provides a proof of predictive capacity of the developed model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
鉴于介质的色散现象,充分考虑介质电磁参数(ε、μ、σ),获得各层介质中的电磁场和势函数。为了考察岩、矿石电磁参数、海水深度和海底地层厚度等变化时海洋电磁响应特征规律,给出典型地电模型和观测系统参数,借助高精度快速汉克尔滤波系数,采用30点高斯勒让德数值求积方法,计算水平电性源频率域可控源电磁法(CSEM)在海底各观测点电场Ez和磁场Bx的正演响应。结果表明,随海水深度变浅,电场Ez和磁场Bx振幅曲线变化幅度增大,空气波逐渐占据主导地位,当水深超过3km时,观测区内可以忽略空气波的影响;电场Ez分量对海底高阻层引起的异常大,而中低阻层引起的异常小,磁场Bx分量幅值对目标层电导率变化与Ez相同,因此,水平电性源频率域CSEM法不适宜探测海底低阻目标。并且对厚层目标层的探测能力高于薄层。针对岩层中磁导率变化的情况,海底沉积物电性均匀或者呈层状分布时,电场Ez和磁场Bx幅值均受到影响。此外,电场Ez和磁场Bx的幅值基本不受介电常数变化而影响。海洋可控源的探测效果与偏移距的选择有密切关系,有利偏移距范围为3000m^12000m。 相似文献
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9.
Timo Saksala 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(3):309-324
This paper considers numerical modelling of rock fracture induced by dynamic bit–rock interaction in percussive drilling. The work presented here extends the author's earlier research on the topic from the axisymmetric case to 3D case. The numerical method for modelling rock fracture includes a constitutive model for rock and a contact mechanics‐based technique to simulate the bit–rock interaction. The constitutive model is based on a combination of the recent viscoplastic consistency model, the isotropic damage concept and a parabolic compression cap. This model is improved here from its earlier state by calibrating the softening laws using fracture energies GIc and GIIc in tension and compression, respectively. Moreover, the viscosity modulus in tension is calibrated based on the dynamic Brazilian disc test. With these enhancements, the developed method is applied to 3D case of the bit–rock interaction problem assuming one symmetry plane. Single impact with single and multiple‐button bits is simulated. In the latter case, an initial borehole is modelled in order to simulate the usual in‐situ drilling conditions. The different failure types observed in the experiments as well as the interaction between the buttons resulting in chipping are realistically captured in the simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
理想频散关系在地质雷达剖面正演合成中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过分析时域有限差分（ＦＤＴＤ）法的特点和高频电磁脉冲在Ｙｅｅ网格中的传播规律,导出了适于地质雷达正演的理想频散关系。该频散关系即考虑了ＦＤＴＤ法的收敛性和稳定性,也考虑了高频电磁波在Ｙｅｅ氏网格中的传播特点。数值试验表明,这一关系能有效压制频散现象,真实反映地质雷达波在地下介质中的传播规律。将之用于实际计算,取得满意效果。 相似文献
11.
采用非结构三角形网格结合快速Occam算法对海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)与大地电磁(MT)数据进行二维联合反演试验研究。非结构三角形网格能够准确地模拟起伏地形和复杂地质构造,对反演目标区域采用精细网格剖分,其他区域采用粗网格剖分,在满足精度的前提下减少了不必要的计算量。将CSEM与MT数据加入到同一反演数据集中,通过对联合反演数据权重公式进行推导,构建CSEM及MT数据相关权重因子,控制不同数据的拟合权重来实现联合反演。最后对不同模型进行了反演计算,结果表明联合反演比单一反演对海底构造与异常体的还原度更高,验证了联合反演算法的可靠性。 相似文献
12.
时间谱电阻率(TSR)法的二维正演, 是计算可极化二维地电构造上三维电流偶极源的电场瞬变响应, 属所谓2.5维时间域电磁场数值模拟问题, 是目前国际上未妥善解决的计算地球物理疑难问题.针对现有算法的局限性, 建立了新的算法, 其特点是: (1)采用二维有限单元算法, 在矩形网格中增加两对角线形成三角网格剖分, 同时用高斯消元法消除矩形网格中心结点的待求未知量.这样, 既可较准确地模拟任意二维复杂地电断面, 又可节省计算量.(2)采用直接计算二次场的新算法, 只需计算电场和磁场沿地电构造走向两个分量的一次场, 因而, 不但计算精度较高, 而且不显著增加计算量.(3)采用G -S变换法作逆拉氏变换, 并利用拉氏变换延迟定理在倍增的时间间隔中插值, 从而实现对密集采样时间瞬变过程的快速计算.(4)能对可极化和导电大地(即同时包括IP和EM效应). 相似文献
13.
介绍了联合运用积分方程法与有限元法(简称混合法)来计算三维非均匀介质中电磁场分布的理论方法,并进行了数值模拟实验。混合法的原理是引入一个包围非均匀目标体的虚构边界,在边界内部的场用有限元法模拟,在边界外部(包括边界)的场用积分方程表达,二者在边界上通过场的连续性耦合起来。数值实验结果表明,混合法既能显著地减小网格规模,又能灵活地模拟复杂的介质情况,且计算精度较高。 相似文献
14.
Compaction grouting is the injection of a viscous grout into a soil under high pressure, which then densifies the surrounding soil by reducing void space. Laboratory and field tests of compaction grouting have been carried out. In this paper, a numerical model is used to simulate the compaction grouting process with the primary purpose of investigating relationships among various control parameters, such as injection pressure, void ratio and excess pore water pressure at various radial distances from the injection point. The compaction process is treated as a cavity expansion process in the numerical simulation. The soil is modelled with an elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb model using the commercial finite element program ABAQUS. In addition to numerical simulations, pressure-controlled cavity expansion laboratory tests were carried out on completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil specimens. Data collected from laboratory tests are compared with the finite element simulation to validate the finite element analyses. Factors that control the compaction process, such as the coefficient of earth pressure (K), initial void ratio, number of loading cycles and effective confining pressure, are explored in the numerical simulations. 相似文献
15.
可控源海洋电磁(MCSEM)勘探中空气波对海底电磁响应的影响已为业界所重视, 它是由水平电偶极子源发射的电磁信号沿空气-海水界面传播与来自海底地层的有效信号相互作用产生的。在浅水域勘探时, 空气波淹没来自地层的有效信号, 使浅水域MCSEM实现油气层识别产生困难。基于层状介质模型, 采用电磁场的模式分解理论导出了半空间电阻率模型的空气波表达式, 利用该式将空气波在海水层的传播近似用海水-空气界面与海底地层之间的多次鸣震表达。结合源和接收器两边电磁场的传播特征, 导出了有限水深时空气波近似关系, 用于近似模拟空气波响应。为了对比不同方法压制空气波的效果, 基于上行波场和下行波场的分解方法, 获得了含油气高阻储层上上行波的异常幅度增大数倍的结果, 显示了波场分解方法压制空气波的良好效果。最后, 利用不含油气层的背景模型和含油气储层模型电磁响应的数值模拟结果, 比较空气波渐近表达和波场分离2种空气波压制方法可知:对于水平层状模型后者效果更好;前者可适用于崎岖海底地层的数据处理, 后者只适用于水平海底地层。 相似文献
16.
依据电磁场理论，构建地电模型，利用有限差分对矿井三维地电异常体进行数值模拟，得到异常体在电阻率不同、至巷道距离不同、及测点不同情况下的层测深曲线，并对其分布规律进行分析研究。通过模拟矿井三维地质异常体地电异常响应特征，并与井下实测层测深曲线对比和分析，论证了矿井三维地电体数值模拟的正确性。 相似文献
17.
The knowledge about thermo-mechanical properties of granite is still limited to some extent. Individual measurements are necessary to obtain reliable properties for specific granite types. A reliable numerical model of thermal cracking behaviours of granite exposed to extreme high temperatures (e.g. 800–1000 °C) is missing. In this study, the impact of temperature up to 1000 °C on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties as well as thermo-mechanical coupled behaviour of Eibenstock granite was investigated by laboratory testing and numerical simulations. The physical properties including mineral composition, density, P-wave velocity, and open porosity are measured to be temperature dependent. Uniaxial compression and Brazilian tests were carried out to measure uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, stress–strain relationship, and tensile strength of Eibenstock granite before and after thermal treatment, respectively. Thermal properties including specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and linear thermal expansion coefficient are also measured and found to be temperature dependent, especially the expansion coefficient which shows a steep increase around 573 °C as well as at 870 °C. The numerical simulation code FLAC3D was used to develop a numerical scheme to simulate the thermal-induced damage of granite at high temperatures. Statistical methods combined with real mineral composition were used to characterize the heterogeneity of granite. The numerical model is featured with reliable temperature-dependent parameters obtained from laboratory tests. It can well reproduce the laboratory results in form of thermal-induced micro- and macrocracks, as well as the stress–strain behaviour and the final failure pattern of Eibenstock granite after elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C. The simulation results also reveal that the thermal-induced microcracks are randomly distributed across the whole sample. Although most thermal-induced damages are tensile failures, shear failure begins to develop quickly after 500 °C. The obvious UCS reduction in granite due to heating is mainly caused by the increase in shear failure. The simulation also shows that the dominant impact of α–β quartz transition is widening pre-existing cracks rather than the formation of new microcracks.
相似文献18.
S. A. Mirbagheri S. A. Hashemi Monfared H. R. Kazemi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):287-296
A one-dimensional mathematical model based on convection–dispersion equation in unsaturated porous media is presented to compute
inorganic total solid concentration in the soil column under the Shiraz landfill. In addition, a dynamic mathematical model
is formulated to simulate concentrations of ions such as Ca2+
, Mg2+, Fe2+, K+, Na+, Cl−, SO4
2− and HCO3
− as well as PH and EC in soil profile under the Shiraz landfill. Leachw model was applied to simulate water flow, water content
and hydraulic conductivity in soil depth. The model was calibrated and verified by using different sets of data collected
from several segments of soil depth in the study area. The numerical solution obtained using finite element method. The simulated
values for the parameters were compared with measured values as well as analytical solution. The simulated results are in
good agreement with measured values. This model could be applied to field scale problems for the landfill management. 相似文献
19.
复杂条件下3D电磁场有限元计算方法 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从电磁场的Maxwell方程出发, 根据电磁场的边值问题及变分公式建立了有限元方程组.采用可以模拟较为复杂的空间地质构造和地形起伏的四面体单元离散计算区域; 单元中的插值函数选择了精度较高的十点双二次多项式; 并采用连续的双二次多项式插值函数来模拟计算区域内单元中电导率σ的空间变化.推导出了地下变电导率σ条件下计算三维电磁场的有限元单元方程的解析表达式; 采用伽辽金方法推导出了散度效正有限元方程组.根据所推导的公式, 编制了三维有限元的计算程序.数值计算结果表明, 上述公式推导正确, 为三维电磁场的数值计算提供了一条有效的新途径. 相似文献