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1.
唐渊  刘俊来  Tran My Dung  宋志杰 《地质学报》2009,83(10):1401-1414
位于越南西北部的奠边府(Dien Bien Phu)断裂,向北延伸入中国云南境内,向南进入老挝境内,走向由近N—S向向南逐渐过渡为NE—SW向,倾角陡立。沿断裂带发育3个具有不同运动学机制的第四纪盆地——婵讷(Chan Nua)盆地、莱州(Lai Chau)盆地和奠边府盆地。根据对奠边府断裂带地区ETM遥感数据进行详细解译以及野外实地考察,得到奠边府断裂具有早期的右行走滑和后期的左行走滑特征的证据;并且根据断裂两侧水系受断裂影响发生左错的程度不同,认为奠边府断裂的西盘相对于东盘较为活动,即为主动盘。奠边府断裂北延进入越南境内,与金平地区的三家河断裂相连,并继续向北并入哀牢山剪切带中。奠边府断裂现今的左行走滑与红河断裂现今的右行走滑共同组成了一组共轭断裂系。  相似文献   

2.
缅甸Sagaing走滑断裂及对睡宝盆地构造演化的控制和影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在研究Sagaing走滑断裂的形成和发展的基础上将其分为2个阶段:第一阶段古新世—早始新世洋陆俯冲造成了缅甸板块与欧亚板块的分离,使缅甸板块加速向北漂移,Sagaing断裂开始形成;第二阶段始新世以来发生陆陆俯冲,印度板块的北东部首次开始碰撞缅甸板块。这次A型俯冲使得缅甸板块沿Sagaing走滑断裂向北继续漂移,最大的右行走滑位移达450 km。在Sagaing走滑断裂的控制下,睡宝盆地亦呈现2期构造特征:中新世,缅甸盆地内经历拉张和断裂,安德曼海(Andaman)打开,并且弧后扩张中心向南迁移,睡宝盆地即呈现拉张的构造环境;上新世—更新世,由于缅甸板块向北运动碰撞到亚洲板块的喜马拉雅断裂,受到阻挡,构造反转。睡宝盆地受挤压和扭压导致一系列的逆断层、花状构造,最终形成以南北向右行走滑为主、叠加东西向扭压的应力背景。  相似文献   

3.
位于越南西北部的奠边府(Dien Bien Phu)断裂,向北延伸入中国云南境内,向南进入老挝境内,走向由近N-S向向南逐渐过渡为NE-SW向,倾角陡立.沿断裂带发育3个具有不同运动学机制的第四纪盆地--婵讷(Chan Nua)盆地、莱州(Lai Chau)盆地和奠边府盆地.根据对奠边府断裂带地区ETM遥感数据进行详细解译以及野外实地考察,得到奠边府断裂具有早期的右行走滑和后期的左行走滑特征的证据;并且根据断裂两侧水系受断裂影响发生左错的程度不同,认为奠边府断裂的西盘相对于东盘较为活动,即为主动盘.奠边府断裂北延进入越南境内,与金平地区的三家河断裂相连,并继续向北并入哀牢山剪切带中.奠边府断裂现今的左行走滑与红河断裂现今的右行走滑共同组成了一组共轭断裂系.  相似文献   

4.
皖南地区地处扬子板块的东部,晚中生代发育多期与古太平洋板块俯冲有关的岩浆活动及构造变形。其中北东向断裂作为控制构造格架的重要断裂,自印支期以来经历了多期演化。前人多集中于探讨断裂的活动期次,对于各期活动时限的研究存在争论,这恰恰是制约深入研究皖南地区乃至中国东部中生代以来构造演化的关键。本文通过野外调查发现北东向断裂的左行走滑表现为高角度平移断层,古构造应力场反演指示其形成于NNE-SSW向挤压环境,锆石U-Pb年代学及地层切割关系指示皖南地区左行走滑时代为早白垩世末期。结合前人古生物、地层等方面研究,认为皖南地区左行走滑活动时限应在121~110 Ma。该期活动或与早白垩世末期伊泽奈崎板块运动方向的改变有关。  相似文献   

5.
通过对惠民南坡前中生代断裂的平面分布和三维地震剖面特征的分析,识别出了一组在平面上相互平行,在剖面上具有负花状构造的北北西向走滑断裂带。通过对负花状构造的形态及其卷入地层特征的分析,认为该组断裂带经历过两期不同性质的走滑运动,在中生代经历了较强的左行张性走滑,在新生代经历了较弱的右行压性走滑。其演化过程与鲁西地块上北北西向走滑断层的演化过程一致,均属于郯庐断裂区域性走滑作用所形成的帚状构造体系的一部分,郯庐断裂在中生代的左行走滑和新生代的右行走滑是控制其发展演化的主要因素。  相似文献   

6.
孙自明  洪太元  张涛 《地质科学》2008,43(2):309-320
位于准噶尔盆地西北缘前陆冲断带北段的哈拉阿拉特山,以往认为是一个典型的逆冲推覆构造带。笔者通过野外地质调查和对地震与大地电磁测深(MT)资料的综合解释研究,发现该区总体表现出走滑—冲断复合构造特征。其形成受控于达尔布特断裂在不同时期不同性质的活动,主要经历了两个阶段:二叠-三叠纪是以逆冲推覆为主兼具走滑的斜向冲断,形成该区以逆冲推覆构造为主要特征的走滑—冲断构造;侏罗纪以来主要以左行压扭走滑变形为主,沿达尔布特断裂变形强烈,形成花状构造,并在一定程度上改造了前期形成的逆冲推覆构造,但强度较弱。因此,目前在哈拉阿拉特山地区所见到的构造现象实际上是二叠纪至三叠纪斜向冲断和侏罗纪以来的压扭走滑两期构造变形的叠加样式,总体构成走滑—冲断复合构造。这一地质构造模型的建立对地震解释具有指导作用,同时指出逆冲推覆构造下盘的隐伏背斜未经后期走滑改造,是油气勘探的重要方向。  相似文献   

7.
赣江断裂带中生代的演化及其地球动力学背景   总被引:17,自引:9,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
梁兴  吴根耀 《地质科学》2006,41(1):64-80
赣江断裂带是江西省境内醒目的北北东向平移断裂构造带,由一系列北北东向、北东向和北西向断裂束组成,表现为一个大规模的左行走滑脆性剪切带并兼具伸展断陷和右旋走滑的成份。赣江断裂带在重力、航磁异常呈现为显著的梯度带,是一条晚中生代的岩浆岩带,控制了以鄱阳盆地为代表的一系列白垩纪-古近纪沉积盆地的形成与发育。该带在中生代的演化可分为早-中侏罗世压扭、晚侏罗早-白垩世左行平移和晚白垩世上盘斜落的右行平移3个阶段。在侏罗纪以来太平洋板块对欧亚大陆斜向俯冲的大背景下,赣江断裂带的形成和演化与华南广为发育的燕山期陆内造山作用密切相关,北北东向断裂的发育则直接受郯庐断裂早白垩世左行走滑活动控制,因而表现出“北强南弱”和“北早南晚”的特点。白垩纪时赣江断裂的活动方式与郯庐断裂一致,可认为是后者的南延。  相似文献   

8.
准噶尔盆地东部中生代构造迁移规律   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
构造迁移是盆地发展演化过程中十分普遍的地质现象,但准噶尔盆地东部地区相关研究程度较低。本文基于对准噶尔盆地东部地区所开展的大量地震剖面解释,并综合前人研究成果,对准噶尔盆地东部地区中生代构造迁移特征进行了系统讨论。准噶尔盆地东部中新生代期间属于陆内,受西伯利亚板块持续向南楔入的远程效应,其构造特征总体表现出自北向南的迁移规律,具体表现为盆地内的逆冲断裂迁移、沉积沉降中心迁移、断陷的萎缩与消亡等自北向南逐步变新。最后,从板缘和板内过程和机制,探讨了该盆地东部的中生代构造迁移机制,这种构造-沉积-成盆等的向盆内变新迁移是中生代以来准噶尔盆地基底向西挤出构造和中生代西伯利亚板块向南楔入的联合效应。  相似文献   

9.
新疆西北部和什托洛盖盆地早中生代沉积特征及构造演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
和什托洛盖盆地为新疆西北部地区出露较好的一个早中生代盆地。对盆地内不同构造位置沉积剖面的岩相和相组合分析结果表明,盆地内部发育多种沉积相带并具有显著的空间变化。盆地北部或北东部边缘,以发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相和湖相为主。盆地的南部或南西部,以发育冲积扇相和河流相为主。古水流和物源分析结果指示,盆地沉积物主体来自北部山区,部分来自盆地南部或西南部地区。通过对盆缘断裂两侧地层的分布特征和其自身要素的分析,结合平行和垂直于盆地长轴、边缘断层的地震剖面,本文认为和什托洛盖盆地的形成和发展,主要受控于盆缘两侧断裂,尤其是盆地南缘达尔布特断裂的左行走滑运动。该盆地是独立于准噶尔盆地之外发展演化的。  相似文献   

10.
张家口一蓬莱断裂带是一条北西西向活动断裂带。本文选取ETM+光学影像和SRTM高程影像作为主要数据源,结合研究区已有地质资料研究发现该带断裂构造的北西西向线性特征明显。从水系分布和错断地形等地貌标志判断,该断裂具有左阶组合样式和左行走滑活动特征。据遥感影像综合特征,可将该带分为张家口段、延庆-怀来段和北京一天津段,影像特征分段性显著,并与断裂带的分段性一致。研究结果表明,张家口-蓬莱断裂具有左行走滑的运动学特征,限制或错断北北东或北东向断裂,并且控制该区域的左阶雁列式第四纪盆地群和第四纪冲洪积物的分布。该断裂带各段对不同规模的水系分布和形态影响比较大,且北京-天津地区的华北平原段断裂对第四纪冲洪积扇和沿海地区的贝壳堤的形态和分布有一定的控制作用。地球物理深部数据和野外地质考察资料也证实了遥感解泽的结果,证明遥感技术在探查断裂构造空间展布和活动性鉴定中有着广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
The paper examines the relative importance of strike-slip faulting and lateral crustal deformations in the geologic structure of a portion of the western People's Republic of China. Deformed thrust sheets in the Kalpin area of the western PRC suggest large-scale sinistral strike-slip movement on the Aheqi fault zone along the northwestern margin of the Tarim basin. The total amount of the Cenozoic sinistral strike-slip displacement is estimated to be 311 km; this is the same magnitude of slip estimated along the Altyn Tagh fault, marking the southeastern boundary of the Tarim basin. Together, the Aheqi and Altyn Tagh faults outline the Aheqi- western Kunlun-southwestern basin-Altyn transpression tectonic system.  相似文献   

12.
Late Cenozoic transtensional fault belt was discovered on Shajingzi fault belt, NW boundary of the Awati Sag in the northwestern Tarim Basin. And numerous Quaternary normal faults were discovered on Aqia and Tumuxiuke fault belts, SW boundary of Awati. This discovery reveals Quaternary normal fault activity in the Tarim Basin for the first time. It is also a new discovery in the southern flank of Tianshan Mountains. Shajingzi transtensional fault belt is made up of numerous, small normal faults. Horizontally, the normal faults are arranged in right-step, en echelon patterns along the preexisting Shajingzi basement fault, forming a sinistral transtensional normal fault belt. In profile, they cut through the Paleozoic to the mid-Quaternary and combine to form negative flower structures. The Late Cenozoic normal faults on the SW boundary of Awati Sag were distributed mainly in the uplift side of the preexisting Aqia and Tumuxiuke basement-involved faults, and combined to form small horst and graben structures in profile. Based on the intensive seismic interpretation, careful fault mapping, and growth index analysis, we conclude that the normal fault activity of Shajingzi transtensional fault belt began from Late Pliocene and ceased in Late Pleistocene (mid-Quaternary). And the normal faulting on the SW boundary of Awati Sag began from the very beginning of Quaternary and ceased in Pleistocene. The normal faulting on Awati’s SW boundary began a little later than those on the NW boundary. The origin of Shajingzi transtensional normal fault belt was due to the left-lateral strike-slip occurred in the southern flank of Tianshan, and then, due to the eastward escape of the Awati block, a tensional stress developed the normal faults on its SW boundary.  相似文献   

13.
徐家围子断陷位于松辽盆地中部,受徐西和宋西两条边界断裂控制。基于地震反射剖面地质解译成果,应用断层沿走向位移 长度曲线形态分析方法和沿倾向生长速率分析方法,对两条断裂的生长演化过程进行了初步的研究。结果表明,沙河子期(136~144 Ma)为最主要的生长期,徐西断层的平均生长速率为35 m/Ma, 宋西断层的平均生长速率为71 m/Ma,断陷边界断裂总体平均生长速率大于60 m/Ma,两条断层主要呈现独立生长状态,只在重叠的部位发生微弱的软连接;营城期(126~136 Ma)也是主要的生长期,徐西断层的平均生长速率为18 m/Ma,宋西断层的平均生长速率为85 m/Ma,二者发生硬连接,并基本结束了硬连接过程,以重叠处宋西断层的强烈活动为特征,断陷盆地的规模逐渐扩大,沉积厚度随之增加;营城期后断层只在局部连接地点发生微弱活动。断层生长过程中伴生构造的位置基本与油气田的分布相吻合,对它的深入研究将有助于油气勘探。  相似文献   

14.
The Miocene intramontane Fohnsdorf-Seckau Basin is situated at the junction of the sinistral Mur-Mürz-fault system and the dextral Pöls-Lavanttal fault system. The basin comprises a 2,400-m-thick coal-bearing fluviodeltaic-lacustrine succession (Lower to Middle Miocene, Upper Karpatian?/Lower Badenian) which is overlain by a 1,000-m-thick alluvio-deltaic conglomeratic succession (Apfelberg Formation, ?Middle/Upper Badenian) in the south. A three-stage model for the basin evolution has been reconstructed from structural analysis and basin fill geometries. During a first pull-apart phase, subsidence occurred along ENE-trending, sinistral strike-slip faults of the Mur-Mürz fault system and NE-SW to N-S-trending normal faults, forming a composite pull-apart basin between overstepping en-echelon strike-slip faults. The Seckau and Fohnsdorf sub-basins are considered as two adjacent pull-aparts which merged into one basin. During the second phase, N-S to NNW-SSE extension and normal faulting along the southern basin margin fault formed a half-graben, filled by wedge-shaped alluvial strata (Apfelberg Formation). During the third phase, after the end of basin sedimentation, the dextral Pöls-Lavanttal fault system reshaped the western basin margin into a positive flower structure.  相似文献   

15.
阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化   总被引:43,自引:4,他引:39  
郭召杰  张志诚 《地质论评》1998,44(4):357-364
阿尔金走滑断裂带主要由阿尔金主干断层与几条近于平行的左行走滑断层和斜交断层组成,其空间分布规律可用左行走滑简单剪切模型解释。  相似文献   

16.
青藏高原北部发育一系列北西向大型左行走滑断裂带,目前普遍认为这些左行走滑断裂至今仍在活动,在左行走滑作用下,青藏高原东部向东挤出并伴随强烈的地块旋转运动。本文以介于东昆仑左行走滑断裂带与玉树左行走滑断裂带之间的巴颜喀拉山中央断裂(及其周缘的构造形迹)为主要研究对象,根据断层构造的直接解译标志——清晰的线性形迹和构造地貌标志如断层陡坎、断层谷地、挤压脊、地裂缝、断层走滑造成的水系错动、新老洪积扇的侧向叠加等,在高分辨率的SPOT5及中等分辨率ETM遥感影像上对研究区内北西向活动断层与北东向活动断层的空间分布、规模、活动性质、相对活动时代及活动幅度等进行了遥感分析和野外验证,并结合对断层周缘沿共轭张裂隙展布的水系与地裂缝的规模、展布方向等的统计分析,对晚第四纪应力场进行了恢复。研究表明:北西向活动断层具右行走滑兼有逆冲运动特征,北东向活动断层具左行走滑兼有正滑运动特征,二者为晚第四纪NNE向(2°)挤压应力条件下产生的北西向与北东向走滑作用的产物。北西向右行走滑作用的发现,预示着青藏高原北部第四纪以来普遍存在的北西向左行走滑作用可能在晚更新世就已终止。在此基础上,探讨了处于不同展布方向上的湖盆在同一应力条件下表现出的不同演化趋势:即在NNE向挤压应力作用下,呈北东向展布的错坎巴昂日东湖处于近东西向拉张状态,呈北西向展布的卡巴纽尔多湖变化不明显。  相似文献   

17.
西秦岭北缘断裂带漳县—车厂断层的结构及构造演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东北缘主要构造边界断裂带之一, 其构造变形历史和运动学特征研究可以为西秦岭中新生代构造过程和印度—亚洲板块碰撞动力学的远程构造响应提供约束。漳县—车厂断层是西秦岭北缘断裂带的重要组成部分, 通过对工程开挖所揭露的断层带内丰富构造现象的观测与分析, 至少可以辨别出3期性质、规模、运动学特征各异的构造变形事件。第一期为向北北东陡倾的伸展正断层作用; 第二期为向南南西倾的由南向北的逆冲断层作用; 第三期为沿近直立断面左旋走滑作用。尽管每期变形的时代尚缺乏构造物质测年的约束, 但根据其与白垩系、新近系的空间关系以及已有第四纪以来沿断层地貌位错和相关沉积物测年以及地震活动历史研究对断层左旋走滑作用的时代约束, 认为第一期伸展正断层作用起始于早白垩纪, 可能持续到渐新世; 第二期向北逆冲断层作用起始于渐新世初, 可能持续到早第四纪; 第三期左旋走滑断层作用起始于晚第四纪, 持续至今。漳县—车厂断层是一条典型的多期变形的脆性断层, 其变形特征与历史, 如果代表了西秦岭北缘断裂带特征与构造变形过程, 那么现今西秦岭北缘断裂带仅是起始于早白垩纪、新生的脆性断裂带, 并非是印支主造山期大规模韧性逆冲推覆作用的边界断层。  相似文献   

18.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1231-1251
The tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding the interaction between the Pacific Tectonic Domain and the Tethyan Tectonic Domain,as well as the regional tectonics and geodynamics during the multi-plate convergence in the Cenozoic.Several Cenozoic basins formed in the northern margin of the SCS,which preserve the sedimentary tectonic records of the opening of the SCS.Due to the spatial non-uniformity among different basins,a systematic study on the various basins in the northern margin of the SCS constituting the Northern Cenozoic Basin Group(NCBG) is essential.Here we present results from a detailed evaluation of the spatial-temporal migration of the boundary faults and primary unconformities to unravel the mechanism of formation of the NCBG.The NCBG is composed of the Beibu Gulf Basin(BBGB),Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB) and Taixinan Basin(TXNB).Based on seismic profiles and gravity-magnetic anomalies,we confirm that the NE-striking onshore boundary faults propagated into the northern margin of the SCS.Combining the fault slip rate,fault combination and a comparison of the unconformities in different basins,we identify NE-striking rift composed of two-stage rifting events in the NCBG:an early-stage rifting(from the Paleocene to the Early Oligocene) and a late-stage rifting(from the Late Eocene to the beginning of the Miocene).Spatially only the late-stage faults occurs in the western part of the NCBG(the BBGB,the QDNB and the western PRMB),but the early-stage rifting is distributed in the whole NCBG.Temporally,the early-stage rifting can be subdivided into three phases which show an eastward migration,resulting in the same trend of the primary unconformities and peak faulting within the NCBG.The late-stage rifting is subdivided into two phases,which took place simultaneously in different basins.The first and second phase of the early-stage rifting is related to back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.The third phase of the earlystage rifting resulted from the joint effect of slab-pull force due to southward subduction of the proto-SCS and the back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.In addition,the first phase of the late-stage faulting corresponds with the combined effect of the post-collision extension along the Red River Fault and slab-pull force of the proto-SCS subduction.The second phase of the late-stage faulting fits well with the sinistral faulting of the Red River Fault in response to the Indochina Block escape tectonics and the slab-pull force of the proto-SCS.  相似文献   

19.
郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的几何学形态为一正花状左行平移断裂带,目前出露的为该韧性剪切带的根部,具有典型的深层次左行走滑变形特征,肥东韧性剪切带中糜棱岩,超糜棱岩测得的^40Ar/^39Ar全岩年龄分别为120.48Ma和118.75Ma,说明郯庐断裂带的大规模左行平移时代为早白垩世,对该带构造变形和构造叠加的研究表明,肥东浮槎山一带是被郯庐断裂带截切,牵引,叠加,改造的印支期大别一胶南造山带的残块,郯庐断裂带与大别-胶南造山带是不同时期,不同构造系统的产物,前者属于滨太平洋构造系统,后者属于特提斯构造系统。  相似文献   

20.
This paper examines the morphotectonic and structural–geological characteristics of the Quaternary Martana Fault in the Umbria–Marche Apennines fold‐and‐thrust belt. This structure is more than 30 km long and comprises two segments: a N–NNW‐trending longer segment and a 100°N‐trending segment. After developing as a normal fault in Early Pleistocene times, the N–NNW Martana Fault segment experienced a phase of dextral faulting extending from the Early to Middle Pleistocene boundary until around 0.39 Ma, the absolute age of volcanics erupted in correspondence to releasing bends. The establishment of a stress field with a NE–ENE‐trending σ3 axis and NW–NNW σ1 axis in Late Pleistocene to Holocene times resulted in a strong component of sinistral faulting along N–NNW‐trending fault segments and almost pure normal faulting on newly formed NW–SE faults. Fresh fault scarps, the interaction of faulting with drainage systems and displacement of alluvial fan apexes provide evidence of the ongoing activity of this fault. The active left‐lateral kinematic along N–NNW‐trending fault segments is also revealed by the 1.8 m horizontal offset of the E–W‐trending Decumanus road, at the Roman town of Carsulae. We interpret the present‐day kinematics of the Martana Fault as consistent with a model connecting surface structures to the inferred north‐northwest trending lithospheric shear zone marking the western boundary of the Adria Plate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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