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鬃变电磁场信号在地下的扩散及地面上的时域响应特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瞬变电磁测深是近年来发展较快的电磁勘探方法，是实现精确勘探的一个突破点，本文应用时域有限差分算法分析了瞬变场在二维地电模型情况下低阻体对“烟圈”的吸收现象、瞬变场的滞后现象，对进一步的时频分析和高维反演提供了正演基础。 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法是探测煤田采空区的一种有效方法。瞬变电磁拟地震处理解释方法研究日渐成为电磁勘探领域的热点并且取得了突破性进展,所以可以把瞬变电磁拟地震处理解释运用到煤田采空区的探测中来提高勘探精度。文中在瞬变电磁三维时域有限差分数值模拟两层含水采空区模型的基础上,运用预条件正则化共轭梯度算法实现了瞬变电磁扩散场到虚拟波场的稳定转化,并对虚拟波场进行了脉冲压缩处理;最后通过克希霍夫积分解,对虚拟波场进行延拓成像,实现了两层含水采空区模型的三维解释。 相似文献
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《地质与勘探》1977,15(6)
大多数电磁系统在频域工作,连续发射一个固定频率,最近发展的瞬变电磁法系统在时域工作,发射脉冲,并在脉冲间隔期间,记录产生的任何二次场瞬变衰减,因此,对电磁法勘探来说,瞬变电磁法(TEM)的优点大大地超过了固定频率系统.在澳大利亚的不同地区进行了瞬变电磁法试验性勘探,以对该方法进行评价.该试验性勘探是在澳大利亚北部领土的鲁姆丛林、马丽河和特南特河地区进行的.总的说来,瞬变电磁法的观测结果与其它电磁法的观测结果是一致的,并与地质观测结果有良好的相关性,在澳大利亚导电盖层条件下,该方法本身在理论方面的优点是值得注意的,而野外试验结果也证明了这些优点.可以断定,TEM装置可用于地形条件或高导电表层条件严格地限制了其它物探方法效果的那些地区.应用边长100～150米大的回线,使得能够进行大面积的快速勘探,同时,也证明了用小回线可以准确地圈定异常.应用不同尺寸的回线和回线交迭有助于定量解释.总之,电磁法在澳大利亚获得了不同程度的成功.通 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2019,(5)
长导线源瞬变电磁实际测量时,经常观测到二次场衰减曲线的"符号反转"现象,这主要由于激发极化效应(IP效应)引起,这种现象对瞬变电磁响应数据和解释的可靠性产生影响。为了探讨IP效应对瞬变电磁的影响规律,首先在均匀半空间中研究激电效应影响规律,得出影响瞬变电磁响应的主要参数,然后引入相对误差表征极化效应的影响程度,来研究典型层状模型中极化层厚度和极化层埋深对瞬变电磁响应影响规律,最后以某石墨矿区地质物性参数为基础,对受激电效应影响的长导线源瞬变电磁数据解释,研究激电效应对实测数据的影响。通过研究得出结论:在均匀半空间模型中,零频电阻率和极化率对瞬变电磁响应的影响较大;对层状模型和实测数据的研究发现,当极化层的厚度、埋深和电阻率在一定范围内影响最大,而且即使实测石墨矿的极化率远小于这里采用的极化率值,但造成的影响不可忽略,因此表明激电效应对瞬变电磁的影响是复杂的。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2015,(6)
在地-井瞬变电磁正演模拟中,前人均以总场为研究对象,分析响应特征。此次选择地-井瞬变电磁异常场为研究对象,对单异常体和多异常体以及在"定源异井"和"动源定井"两种观测方式下典型地电模型进行地-井瞬变电磁法三维正演模拟。首先推导了二次磁场的扩散方程,并用有限差分法进行数值计算。通过分析以地-井瞬变电磁异常场为研究对象,认为异常场能反映目标体空间几何位置参数。研究结果表明:在不同钻孔中接收的异常响应随时间推移而衰减减弱,但异常变化特征保持不变;在不同方位布置场源得到的异常响应差异明显,根据其测量结果可判定异常体空间位置信息。最后总结影响地-井瞬变电磁异常的主要因素有:目标体的埋藏深度、目标体与钻孔之间的耦合关系以及场源的位置关系。研究结果为相关资料解释提供理论参考。 相似文献
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煤矿水害是安全生产的重大隐患,如何精准探测隐蔽致灾体是解决这些隐患的前提。电磁法对低阻体反映灵敏,方法类型多样,适应性强,是探测富水致灾体的有效方法之一。传统的地面电磁方法包括可控源音频大地电磁法和回线源瞬变电磁法,在煤矿隐蔽致灾体探测方面发挥了重要作用。随着新技术的不断发展,近源电磁勘探方法得到了快速发展,包括广域电磁法和短偏移距瞬变电磁法,提高了勘探效率和信噪比,拓宽了观测区域。地空电磁法是新发展起来一种大功率快速勘探方式,具备航空电磁法快速采集和地面电磁法大功率发射两个优势,特别适合于复杂地形条件的煤矿灾害隐患探测。分析了煤矿典型致灾体的形成机理、时空分布及物性特征,其中,隐蔽型导水构造是造成煤矿安全隐患的重要因素,需要重点关注;回顾了各种电磁方法的主要特征、适用性以及在煤矿水害探测中的应用现状,总结了不同方法的技术参数和观测模式等,为相关技术人员从事煤矿灾害隐患探测提供了参考;最后对煤矿电磁法发展进行了展望：广域电磁法和短偏移距瞬变电磁法等近源电磁勘探方法将会在煤矿勘探中进一步扩大应用;三维反演技术和基于深度学习的神经网络反演算法等将是未来电磁法的主要发展方向;地空电磁勘探会快... 相似文献
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Ross M. Renner 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(4):549-563
Given a compositional dataset in the absence of any prior information on any mixing process which may have formed it, a complete analysis of mixtures determines three distinct types of estimates in order. These are: (i) the estimate of the number of endmembers or fixed source compositions, of which all the sample compositions of the dataset must be approximate mixtures; (ii) the estimated compositions for each of these chosen number of endmembers; and (iii) the estimated contributions of each of these endmember estimates to each sample. Traditionally, the estimate for the number of endmembers has been assessed either by mapping or by inspection of the coefficients of determination between the observed and estimated variables. Mapping entails the plotting on a map of the region from which the samples were taken, either the contours of the contributions of each endmember to each sample, or some other portrayal of the distribution of endmember abundances. Because it requires the complete analysis, assessment by this method is too elaborate except for final confirmation and display. Alternatively, choosing a number of endmembers, which result in suitability high coefficients of determination for all or most variables, may account for elements which are not part of the conjectured mixing process or, worse, may result in the identification of endmembers which may never in fact have existed. Such an error is similar to overspecifying a multiple regression model. So, the obvious starting point from which to assess the validity, or otherwise choice of endmember numbers, is to examine the matrix of residuals. The differences between the logratio-transformed observed and estimated data form an array of residual logratios. A linear combination of these may be formed for each sample, which, under a random perturbation assumption, should follow a univariate normal distribution. Whether or not this scalar is normal can be readily tested. It can also be examined graphically for such desirable qualities as symmetry when the test for normality may be too severe. This procedure is employed to assess the decompositions of the U.S.G.S. Mid-Pacific data and the Nazca Plate Surface sediments.This paper was presented at the 18th Geochautauqua, Newark, Delaware, 13–14 October 1989. 相似文献
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GIS技术在生态环境地质评价中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
针对生态环境地质调查与评价的特点,建立了应用GIS技术进行生态环境地质评价的基本思路和技术流程,提出了相关图形-属性数据库建立的要点,阐述了生态环境地质评价的基本步骤,并对有关指标体系的选取、分析评价模型等做了重点分析。 相似文献
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We have developed and tested a light-curve inversion technique for photometric mapping of spotted stars. The surface of a spotted star is partitioned into small area elements, over which a search is carried out for the intensity distribution providing the best agreement between the observed and model light curves within a specified uncertainty. We have tested mapping techniques based on the use of both a single light curve and several light curves obtained in different photometric bands. Surface reconstruction artifacts due to the ill-posed nature of the problem have been identified. 相似文献
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K. Johannsen 《Computational Geosciences》2003,7(3):169-182
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions. 相似文献
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Multi-stage uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic implies a complex geodynamic process.In this paper,we review main geodynamic models for the uplift of the plateau,and,in particular,analyze the spatio-temporal framework of the Cenozoic deformation structures,which are closely related to the deep geodynamic mechanism for the plateau uplift.From this perspective,significant change of the deformation regime over the Tibetan Plateau occurred by the middle-late Miocene,while thrust and thrust-folding system under NS compression was succeded by extension or stress-relaxation.Meanwhile,a series of large-scale strike-slip faults commenced or was kinemtically reversed.Based on a systematic synthesis of the structure deformation,magmatism,geomorphological process and geophysical exploration,we propose a periodical model of alternating crustal compression and extension for episodic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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Alexander M. Bronfman 《GeoJournal》1992,27(2):141-148
Some laws governing the self-purification of marine waters from oil products have been considered using the Sea of Azov and the NW shelf of the Black Sea as models. A number of principally important features of this process have been established including marked spatial heterogenity, and capacity for a sharp decline in the efficiency of destruction during anthropogenic transformations of marine ecosystems, etc. On the basis of a special mathematical model and numerous experiments, an estimation in the first approximation was made of the efficiency of the self-purification of the areas investigated and their characteristic regions. The value obtained is significantly smaller than the actual amount of oil products entering the sea as runoff. A number of recommendations have been made on the use of self-purification values for establishing standards for discharges of waste waters. 相似文献
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中祁连山东段皋兰岩群地质时代的微古植物新证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
厘定中祁连地块褶皱基底的时代，对探讨中祁连地块构造属性以及研究祁连造山带构造演化有重要意义。长期以来，由于缺乏化石依据，加上同位素年龄测定受该区岩浆事件扰动的影响，中祁连东段褶皱基底皋兰岩群地质时代厘定始终悬而未决，本次1：25万兰州市幅区域地质调查，采获大量蓟县纪微古植物化石，并获得Sm—Nd等时线年龄1180Ma。作者根据皋兰岩群岩石组合、同位素年龄、微古植物化石等方面的特征，结合区域地层对比，将皋兰岩群地层时代厘定为中元古代。 相似文献
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Shear softening and localization: Modelling the evolution of the width of the shear zone 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, the question of shear localization inside a band is revisited. Using simplified constitutive equations we look
at a 1D layer in a classical medium. Even though the example is simple, we show once more the loss of uniqueness of the solution.
By studying the initial boundary value problem we also show that the width of the localization zone stays constant or decreases.
A second gradient model is then introduced and the evolution of the width of the localization zone is studied. Analytical
solutions are derived for a quasi-brittle material and estimations made for a ductile constitutive law. It is shown that the
width of the localization zone stays constant for the quasi-brittle material and decreases for the ductile one. Numerical
simulations are finally provided to validate the approach and to get more precise numerical results for the ductile case. 相似文献
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本文根据近5年来地下水勘查成果,对祁连山山前缺水地区水文地质特征、相对浅埋区的形成分布进行了综合分析,提出了基底隆升、“叠瓦状”台阶式断裂、逆冲压扭性断裂、地堑型四种控制地下水埋深的构造类型;提出在不同类型控水条件下寻找地下水相对浅埋的方向,指导寻找可利用的地下水源,解决该区人畜饮水困难。以肃南严重缺水区大黄沟滩勘查示范为例,在地堑型控水区找到埋深160m、矿化度小于0.6g/L、单井涌水量大于1 500m3/d的优质饮用水源。 相似文献
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The Nile Delta of Egypt is known for its large irrigated area supplied with water diverted from the Nile River, with a limited use of groundwater, largely for domestic and industrial use. Official statistics for the whole delta indicate that there are a few thousand individual wells used for agriculture by a population of over 2 million farmers. This study, however, shows that a phenomenon of groundwater development for irrigation has been unfolding over the last few years, largely below the radar of managers and researchers. A survey was carried out in the central part of the delta with the objective of (1) uncovering the actual situation of groundwater use in this part of the delta and (2) speculating on its implications. The results of the survey pointed to a recent and booming tube-well drilling industry, with well densities in some parts reaching one well every 2 ha. The development of groundwater abstraction in the central delta is strongly linked to inadequate and/or untimely availability of surface water in the canals. A technical, economic, and management characterization of wells complements the study, showing a continuum between purely private/individual ownership of wells and collective investments and management. Lastly, the article explores the implications of unchecked abstraction at the farm, local and delta scales. 相似文献