共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
中国西北大陆岩石圈类型、岩石学结构及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据西北地区的地质和地球物理特征,区分出中国西北大陆以准噶尔和塔里木为代表的克拉通型岩石圈和造山带型岩石圈,而造山带型岩石圈又可以区分为以额济纳旗为代表的古生代造山带型岩石圈(老物质新结构)和包括天山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山在内的新生代造山型岩石圈(老物质新结构);依据岩石学方法、壳幔演化模型和造山带形成过程以及地震波速与岩石化学成分之间的关系,建立相应类型岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结,讨论了不同岩石圈类型的壳幔物质结构、地壳和岩石圈地幔厚度的地质含义及其找矿意义. 相似文献
2.
华北地区三类岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构与化学结构及其大陆动力学意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据地质和地球物理特征表现出的岩石圈不连续，华北地区可区分出鄂尔多斯克拉通型、燕山-太行造山带型和华北平原裂谷型三类岩石圈。依据岩石学方法、壳幔演化模型、造山带形成过程以及地震波速与岩石化学成分之间的关系，建立了华北地区三类型岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构和化学结构，讨论了不同岩石圈类型的壳幔物质结构、地壳和岩石圈地幔厚度的地质含义、岩石圈不连续在划分岩石圈单元中的作用及不同类型岩石圈形成的大陆动力学意义。 相似文献
3.
壳幔物质与深部过程 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
文章对深部物质与过程的研究方法作了概述,对克拉通岩石圈根（或大陆根）的形成提出初步论证,并对造山带和裂谷带的深部状态作了进一步讨论。认为大陆根的形成主要完成于太古宙与古元古代时期,岩石圈地幔是分离出陆壳后的强亏损橄榄岩（贫Ｆｅ,Ａｌ,ａｌｋ,挥发份）,其低密度支撑的巨大浮力是克拉通构造上长期稳定的根本原因。提出青藏—喜马拉雅造山带可识别出三个类型的岩石圈：帕米尔型岩石圈冷根,念青唐古拉型相对薄的岩石圈和羌塘型温度相对高的岩石圈,可能分别代表碰撞造山的早期相、中期相和晚期相。提出地幔热柱可能有三种类型,分别来自４００ｋｍ界面、６７０ｋｍ界面和核幔边界,对地幔热柱的识别作了概述,指出与造山带有关的岩浆活动不是地幔热柱在地表的表现,讨论了岩石圈减薄速率的类型及其对环境的长期效应。 相似文献
4.
5.
以中国大陆的岩石圈岩石学结构模型和根据岩石圈动力学性质划分的克拉通型、造山带型、裂谷型、边缘海洋壳型和岛弧型5大岩石圈类型为基础,结合现今中国大陆西部挤压、东部拉张伸展的特点,提出以四川盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地和银川盆地西边界的岩石圈不连续为界,把中国大陆分为东部和西部2个一级构造单元;不同类型岩石圈为其二级构造单元,一些造山带型岩石圈的亚类为三级构造单元,并结合地质历史,简要讨论了其形成过程及其意义。 相似文献
6.
欧亚大陆及边缘海岩石圈的结构特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从地球层块结构的研究思路出发,运用构造解析的理论和方法,对东亚及西太平洋地区人工地震测深和天然地震面波层析成像进行构造解析,发现岩石圈中下部存在形态各异、大小不等的高速块体,结合地质学、地球化学及其他地球物理学标志的综合研究将其称为幔块构造,高速块体或幔块构造是控制东亚西太平洋岩石圈构造格局和岩石圈表层构造变形最基本条件之一。在系统研究该区岩石圈高速块体或幔块构造三维几何结构基础上,建立起东亚西太平洋岩石圈八种三维几何结构型式:克拉通陆根状结构、高原陆根状结构、造山带楔状结构、碎块状结构、香肠状结构、哑铃状结构、藕节状结构和板状结构,以及岩石圈形成与构造演化四种构造类型:克拉通型岩石圈、增厚型岩石圈、减薄型岩石圈和大洋型岩石圈。文章在详细论述岩石圈各结构构造类基本特征的基础上,认为全球最大的青藏高原具有增厚型岩石圈特性,存在大陆根,并且大陆根正在增厚过程中;地震层析成像显示,研究区存在全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系,具有减薄型岩石圈特性,新生代晚期东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系被西太平洋沟弧盆体系叠加与改造。根据岩石圈三维结构型式,探讨了岩石圈形成机制与演化模式,东亚大陆边缘岩石圈大规模伸展拆沉减薄作用以及软流圈和地幔物质上涌加热作用与青藏高原岩石圈大规模俯冲碰撞?入增厚作用是东亚大陆及边缘海晚中生代以来地幔动力学最基本的表现型式,从而形成全球最大的青藏高原和全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系。 相似文献
7.
复合造山和复合成矿系统:三江特提斯例析 总被引：30，自引：26，他引：4
提出复合造山定义,认为复合造山指多期次造山以及其它类型壳幔过程(裂谷作用、地幔柱活动、克拉通减薄等)在同一构造带先后发生或者多类型过程同时同位发生的地质事件;复合造山是大洋闭合-大陆拼贴过程的必然演化结果、地质历史时期普遍存在的地质过程,其具有不同属性板块拼接、多条蛇绿岩套与岛弧带并列、构造格架继承与改造、物质活化与循环运动以及构造体制转换突出等特征;复合造山带成矿时代长,类型多样,金属富集强度大,大型矿集区集中。复合成矿系统指在特定时-空域中,不同时期多种成矿作用或者同一时期不同成矿作用复合形成的成矿系统。复合成矿表现为成矿物质继承改造或成矿作用融合交叉,导致成矿元素多幕式富集,成矿空间广,成矿强度大,成矿概率增加。复合成矿系统分为多期复合和同期复合两类。复合造山驱动了复合成矿系统的形成,其是中国区域成矿典型特色。复合造山和复合成矿系统在特提斯构造带最为典型,中国西南三江造山带是典型解剖区。构建了古生代与中生代原-古-中-新特提斯洋闭合引发的增生造山和新生代印度-欧亚大陆汇聚导致的碰撞造山过程,厘定了增生造山海底喷流型Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag、增生-碰撞造山岩浆热液型CuMo-Sn-W、碰撞造山盆地卤水-岩浆热液型Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu和碰撞造山斑岩-矽卡岩型Au-Cu-Mo四类典型复合成矿系统。 相似文献
8.
根据中国大陆的地质特征和现今地球物理特征,区分不同地区的岩石圈类型;依据岩石学方法、地球演化模型、地震波速与成分的关系等综合方法,建立了相应类型岩石圈的岩石学结构;根据岩石圈的动力学性质,划分出中国大陆克拉通、造山带、裂谷、边缘海洋壳和岛弧等5大岩石圈类型,首次构建出中国大陆岩石圈岩石学结构模型,展示了中国大陆岩石圈的不均一特征。 相似文献
9.
中国北西部地区砂岩型铀矿含矿建造及找矿前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文在分析中国北西部地区大地构造背景的基础上,依据孕育中、新生代沉积盆地形成的基底构造性质,将其划分为板内陆台型、板缘褶皱造山带型和板缘过渡带型3种类型,板缘褶皱造山带型又进一步划分为洋侧造山带型和陆侧造山带型两个亚类。砂岩型铀矿的产出盆地与盆地所处的构造背景和构造类型有关,砂岩型铀矿产出盆地主要为板缘褶皱造山带型,其次为板内陆台型。砂岩型铀矿对盆地沉积建造类型具有明显的选择性,其原始沉积均为一套温湿气候条件下形成的灰色层,其岩石原生地球化学类型为黑色或灰色。中国北西部地区中新生代盆地形成可地浸的砂岩型铀矿的找矿层位或含矿建造主要为中、下侏罗统(J1-2)和上白垩统(K2),其次为下白垩统(K1),其他地质时期地层内铀矿床分布零星,成矿潜力很小。 相似文献
10.
由克拉通、造山带、裂谷、边缘海洋壳和岛弧等5大岩石圈类型构成的中国大陆,由于不同类型岩石圈对应的动力学机制及其效应不同,岩石圈不同类型之间的连接带必定是不连续带,与大陆成矿作用有密切的联系。中国大陆已知的绝大多数金属矿床分布于岩石圈不连续和再活化不连续处,表明岩石圈不连续为大型矿床(矿集区)形成提供有利的运-储空间。中国大陆西北、中国东部和西南地区构造-岩浆-成矿事件序列对比表明,一个地区岩石圈的壳-幔岩石学结构、大规模成矿作用,取决于最强的、最后一次的岩浆作用,大规模成矿作用的发生起始于造山岩石圈根失稳、去根和大规模软流圈上涌时期,C型埃达克岩的出现是其标志之一。分布于中国内陆的扬子、鄂尔多斯、塔里木和准噶尔盆地等地表热流值低的“冷盆”,深部属于克拉通型岩石圈背景,在构造上往往为造山带的前陆盆地,克拉通型岩石圈构造上的稳定性决定了这些克拉通盆地不断被周围造山带吞食、掩埋、改造的格局,虽然在这些盆地内如今都已发现油气田,但在盆地外那些现今被造山带前缘逆冲体覆盖的区域,也应该是油气田产出的有利区域,即盆地外造山带花岗岩下依然是寻找油气田的重要远景区。分布于中国东部的平原区和黄海、东海及南海等陆缘海区,属于地表热流值高的“热盆”,这些盆地下对应的是裂谷型或洋壳型岩石圈,它们是在新生代时期中国东部沿海地区进入了新的构造演化阶段——大陆裂谷作用下形成的,以伴随广泛的玄武岩喷发为标志,对流地幔物质和热输入使盆地热流值升高成为“热盆”、大陆裂谷型岩石圈,乃至洋壳岩石圈(如南海中央海盆);伴随裂陷作用及伸展构造普遍发育的幔源玄武岩浆大量喷发,以及大量沉积物的快速沉积、埋藏有利于油气田的形成,其中的组分,如CO2气田中的CO2可能主要源于地幔。中国东部平原及边缘海区域是最具前景的油气田分布区之一。 相似文献
11.
WANG Yang 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(4):810-827
The temperature distributions of the lithosphere underneath the mainland of China were estimated by applying local isostatic equilibrium-constrained geothermal calculations. Maps of the lateral temperature variation at depths of 40, 70, and 100 km are presented for the whole Chinese continent, with the thermal thickness of the lithosphere is calculated. Lithospheric roots of 160–200 km thickness underlie Tarim and the Upper Yangtze platform, but are absent beneath the entire Sino-Korean platform. In general, the Tibetan plateau and fold belts to the north have warm but thick lithospheres, whereas thinner thermal lithospheres have been identified in northern Tibet and central Tian Shan around Issyk-Kul Lake. The warm and soft lithosphere in the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan are caused by uniform north–south shortening, which may represent a snapshot of the early stage of convective thinning of the convergent lithosphere. However, the lithospheric thinning beneath northeastern China might be related to volatile infiltration by dehydration of the deeply subducting Pacific slab during the Cenozoic. Dry and wet upper mantle rheology display “jelly sandwich” and “crème br?lée” pictures, respectively, demonstrating the mechanical behaviour of the Chinese lithosphere outside the Tibetan plateau. Considering a more geologically evident wet-mantle rheology, the “crème br?lée” model can approximate the lithospheric rheology for the most earthquake-prone regions on the Chinese mainland. 相似文献
12.
《China Geology》2022,5(3):528-542
Based on the comprehensive study of geology and geophysics in African continent, three types of lithosphere (craton-type, orogenic-type and rift-type) can be identified. Considering lithosphere discontinuities as the boundary, two first-order tectonic units (mainly cratonic-type in the west and rift-type in the east) are proposed. Different types of lithosphere can be divided into secondary-order and third-order structural units, and the blocks within lithosphere can be further divided into fourth-order structural units. The geological history, the formation process and significance of different types of lithosphere in African continent are briefly discussed.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
13.
Tectonic Framework and Deep Structure of South China and Their Constraint to Oil‐Gas Field Distribution 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
South China could be divided into one stable craton, the Yangtze Craton (YzC), and several orogenic belts in the surrounding region, that is the Triassic Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in the north, the Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt (SGOB) in the northwest, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Three-river Orogenic Belt (TOB) in the west, the Youjiang Orogenic Belt (YOB) in the southwest, the Middle Paleozoic Huanan Orogenic Belt (HOB) in the southeast, and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Maritime Orogenic Belt (MOB) along the coast. Seismic tomographic images reveal that the Moho depth is deeper than 40 km and the lithosphere is about 210 km thick beneath the YzC. The SGOB is characterized by thick crust (>40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). The HOB, YOB and MOB have a thin crust (<40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). Terrestrial heat flow survey revealed a distribution pattern with a low heat flow region in the eastern YzC and western HOB and two high heat flow regions in the TOB and MOB respectively. Such a “high-low-high” heat flow distribution pattern could have resulted from Cenozoic asthenosphere upwelling. All oil-gas fields are concentrated in the central part of the YzC. Remnant oil pools have been discovered along the southern margin of the YzC and its adjacent orogenic belts. From a viewpoint of geological and geophysical structure, regions in South China with thick lithosphere and low heat flow value, as well as weak deformation, might be the ideal region for further petroleum exploration. 相似文献
14.
Vladislav Babuška Jiří Fiala Jaroslava Plomerová 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(4):891-907
We present model of the structure and development of the entire lithosphere beneath the western Eger Rift (ER). Its crustal
architecture and paths of volcanic products are closely related to sutures/boundaries of uppermost mantle domains distinguished
by different orientations of olivine fabric, derived from 3-D analysis of seismic anisotropy. Three different fabrics of the
mantle lithosphere belong to the Saxothuringian (ST), Teplá-Barrandian (TB) and Moldanubian (MD) microplates assembled during
the Variscan orogeny. Dipping fossil (pre-assembly) olivine orientations, consistent within each unit, do not support any
voluminous mantle delamination. The variable rift structure and morphology depend on the character of the pre-rift suture
between the northern ST unit and the TB/MD units in the southern rift flank. The proper rift with typical graben morphology
has developed above the steep lithosphere-scale suture between the ST and TB units. This subduction-related boundary originated
from the closure of the ST Ocean. Parts of the crust and mantle lithosphere were dragged there into asthenospheric depths
and then rapidly uplifted. The suture is marked by abrupt change in the mantle fabric and sharp gradients in regional gravity
field and in metamorphic grade. The secular TB-side-down normal movement is reflected in deep sedimentary basins, which developed
since the Carboniferous to Cenozoic and in topography. The graben morphology of the ER terminates above the “triple junction”
of the ST, TB and MD mantle lithospheres. The junction is characterized by offsets of surface boundaries of the tectonic units
from their mantle counterparts indicating a detachment of the rigid upper crust from the mantle lithosphere. The southwest
continuation of the rift features in Bavaria is expressed in occurrences of Cenozoic sediments and volcanics above an inclined
broad transition zone between the ST and MD lithospheres. Schematic scenario of evolution of the region consists mainly of
a subduction of the ST lithosphere to depths around 140 km, exhumation of HP-HT rocks and the post-tectonic granitoid plutonism. 相似文献
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16.
On the role of heat flow, lithosphere thickness and lithosphere density on gravitational potential stresses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gravitational potential stresses (GPSt) are known to play a first-order role in the state of stress of the Earth's lithosphere. Previous studies focussed mainly on crust elevation and structure and little attention has been paid to modelling GPSt using realistic lithospheric structures. The aim of the present contribution is to quantify gravitational potential energies and stresses associated with stable lithospheric domains. In order to model realistic lithosphere structures, a wide variety of data are considered: surface heat flow, chemical depletion of mantle lithosphere, crustal thickness and elevation. A numerical method is presented which involves classical steady-state heat equations to derive lithosphere thickness, geotherm and density distribution, but additionally requires the studied lithosphere to be isostatically compensated at its base. The impact of varying surface and crustal heat flow, topography, Moho depth and crust density on the signs and magnitudes of predicted GPSt is systematically explored. In clear contrast with what is assumed in most previous studies, modelling results show that the density structure of the mantle lithosphere has a significant impact on the value of the predicted GPSt, in particular in the case of thick lithospheres. Using independent information from the literature, the method was applied to get insights in the state of stress of continental domains with contrasting tectono-thermal ages. The modelling results suggest that in the absence of tectonic stresses Phanerozoic and Proterozoic lithospheres are spontaneously submitted to compression whereas Archean lithospheres are in a neutral to slightly tensile stress state. These findings are in general in good agreement with global stress measurements and observed geoid undulations. 相似文献
17.
华北克拉通东部早白垩世伸展盆地的发育过程及其对克拉通的破坏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在晚侏罗世华北克拉通东部破坏之初出现了区域性隆起,全区缺失上侏罗统沉积。在早白垩世早期,出现了区域性的伸展活动,断陷盆地形成,克拉通南、北缘伸展活动最强,北部燕山构造带以出现变质核杂岩为特征,南部出现宽裂谷型盆地。早白垩世中期华北克拉通东部普遍出现了火山活动与岩浆侵入。早白垩世晚期克拉通上以出现窄裂谷型盆地为特征,沿北北东走向的郯庐断裂带断陷活动最强。这些断陷盆地的演化过程揭示,经历地表抬升后,克拉通破坏之初的岩石圈热而弱,从而形成变质核杂岩或宽裂谷型盆地。这期间的破坏强度在空间上具有不均匀分布的特征,受控于早期岩石圈地幔的结构。经过早白垩世中期的大量岩浆活动之后,早白垩世晚期克拉通岩石圈温度降低、强度变大,从而利用早期大型断裂构造形成窄裂谷型盆地。这现象支持华北克拉通东部晚中生代的岩石圈减薄是以逐渐拆沉机制为主。 相似文献