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1.
东南沿海早白垩世火山岩的极低级变质作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东南沿海广泛分布的白垩纪火山岩中,发育一套具特殊岩相学特征的火山岩地层,以浙江高坞组和福建南园组为代表,其主体为熔结凝灰岩,以深灰色厚层致密块状、含大量长石和石英晶屑、大面积出露但假流动构造模糊为突出特征,而明显区别于其它白垩纪地层组的熔结凝灰岩,表明其具有独特的成岩过程。伊利石结晶度研究表明,高坞组和南园组火山岩特殊的岩相学特征与其成岩后受到极低级变质作用,从而发生一定程度重结晶有关,这一过程使其岩石结构构造趋于均一化。通过对上下火山岩系火山岩的伊利石结晶度、b0值及多型特征对比分析表明,东南沿海这一大范围的火山岩极低级变质作用,可能是早白垩世晚期"闽浙运动"后岩石圈发生强烈伸展,导致区域大规模热隆作用的反映,并与上下火山岩系之间区域性不整合面的形成、长乐-南澳构造带强烈的变质变形事件及东南沿海大规模金铜矿、非金属等成矿作用密切相关,具有重要的研究意义。 相似文献
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江西冷水坑矿田火山-岩浆活动时限:SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄证据 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
冷水坑铅锌银矿是武夷山北缘中生代火山岩带中独具特色的斑岩型矿床,含矿花岗斑岩侵位于打鼓顶组和鹅湖岭组火山岩地层中.笔者采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年技术,对冷水坑矿田含矿花岗斑岩与鹅湖岭组晶屑凝灰岩进行了年代学研究.3个晶屑凝灰岩的锆石U Pb年龄分别为(157.8±1.6) Ma、(157.2±1.5)Ma和(158.2±1.8) Ma,花岗斑岩形成于(157.6±1.3) Ma.含矿斑岩与其赋存的火山岩活动时间高度一致,是同一构造岩浆活动的产物.与区域上其他火山盆地不同,冷水坑矿田鹅湖岭组与打鼓顶组火山岩属于侏罗系.广泛发育于武夷山北坡中生代火山岩盆地的打鼓顶组与鹅湖岭组火山岩,其活动时间在不同火山盆地也各不相同,不能简单地统一划归为侏罗纪或白垩纪,这套地层的时代应予以重新厘定.区域上该套火山岩活动时间的差异,指示武夷山北缘火山岩浆活动具有阶段性或间隙性的演化过程,且构造背景也有很大不同.玲水坑矿田火山岩与含矿斑岩形成于中国东部陆内挤压构造环境. 相似文献
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在松辽盆地深层发育的中生代酸性火山岩中首次发现氟碳钙铈矿.氟碳钙铈矿的寄主岩为球粒流纹岩、流纹岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩、流纹质凝灰岩,其寄主岩分布深度为2 930～3 830m,形成时代为早白孚世晚期.氟碳钙铈矿常与石英、碳酸盐、钠铁闪石、钠长石、绿泥石、绿帘石、粘土矿物等次生矿物共生,并与天然气储层有着一种内在的联系.氟碳钙铈矿是岩浆后期热液和大气降水多阶段、多次作用萃取的产物,这种相互作用是多无体系参与并经历了多阶段演化,氟碳钙铈矿形成于富Ca2+抖和CO23;的流体及还原环境.松辽盆地周边地区广泛发育的中生代火山岩与松辽盆地深层中生代火山岩十分相似,松辽盆地周边地区是否存在一个巨大的氟碳钙铈矿潜在资源,值得注意. 相似文献
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<正> 渡船头伊利石矿床位于浙南瓯江边上的渡船头村。它是我国第一个大型伊利石矿床。有关专家著文认为该矿是一火山气成热液矿床。笔者收集整理浙江非金属矿产资料时,对这一矿区的地质情况、矿床地质特征以及结合包体测温和包体成分分析等资料进行了研究,对矿床成因提出不同认识,愿与地质同行共同探讨。一、区域地质背景矿区处在浙东南沿海中生代火山岩区,区内出露地层有前寒武系花岗片麻岩,中生界侏罗系凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩和凝灰质砂砾岩。区内的断裂可分三组:(1)北东向断裂;(2)北 相似文献
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下扬子区早二叠世孤峰期泥化火山岩 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
下扬子区早二叠世弧峰组是以层状硅岩为主的海相层系，厚度为２０－８０ｍ。在硅岩层间产出火山岩，火山岩夹层的厚度小但层数众多，并几乎已全部泥化。但仍保留着残留的流动构造；长石、磷灰石、黑云母、角闪石等矿物或其晶屑以及各种形态的玻屑。在大量蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石等因泥化而形成的火山岩中特征性矿物。根据宏观及显微镜下特征、岩石化学成分的不同特征进行判断，火山岩包含有基性熔岩、酸性凝灰岩，还有大量含火山碎屑 相似文献
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扬子克拉通北缘、鄂北枣阳市耿集-板桥地区震旦系—奥陶系中相间出露两套变火山岩系,其地层归属存在武当群和花山群的争议且长期缺乏深入研究。耿集-板桥地区野外调查、变火山岩系LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年、Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明:耿集地区变火山岩系主要为浅灰色、灰白色变酸性含砾晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、晶屑凝灰岩、玻屑凝灰岩、粉砂岩,与打鼓石群硅质条带叠层石白云岩共生,其中变酸性晶屑凝灰岩锆石年龄为821.7 Ma、εHf(t)值为-2.44～9.70,其可能是扬子克拉通前南华纪基底青白口系花山群组成部分;板桥地区变火山岩系主要由灰白色变酸性晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、火山凝灰岩、酸性火山岩、粉砂岩组成,内部发育大量基性侵入岩,其中变酸性火山岩锆石年龄为741.2 Ma,εHf(t)值为4.62～9.56,其应归属为南秦岭造山带南华系武当群,可能是印支期逆冲到扬子克拉通盖层上的残块。 相似文献
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宝力格组的时代问题辨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 宝力格组是内蒙古地质局朱相魁等(1961)创立的地层名称,当时指分布于东乌珠穆沁旗宝力格庙和盐池北山一带的陆相火山岩以及火山碎屑岩地层。主要是安山质晶屑凝灰岩夹英安质晶屑凝灰岩,安山玢岩、凝灰质板岩、凝灰质砂岩和粉砂岩等,厚度大于6108米,含植物化石Noeggerathiopsis subangusta等。据此,朱相魁等将宝力格组的时代定为早 相似文献
8.
印章石是我国特有的具有民族历史文化特色的艺术品,其矿物成分一般为地开石、高岭石及叶蜡石等粘土矿物。本文对我国印章石矿床的成矿作用和特征进行了探讨和总结,认为该类矿床一般形成的构造环境为岛弧和陆缘弧,且矿床的分布均受一定形态类型的火山机构的严格控制。含矿围岩多以中生代中酸性陆相火山岩为主,其中最有利于成矿的为凝灰岩类。其成矿物质主要来源于相应围岩,成矿热液主要来自于大气降水。矿床中叶蜡石、高岭石、绢云母等矿物的形成与保存主要取决于pH、水介质中阳离子的种类及离子浓度。在此基础上,结合前人对类似矿床的研究成果,提出了印章石类矿床的成矿模式。 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部下侏罗统战备村组的建立及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大兴安岭北部战备村地区出露一套火山岩,岩石组合主要为一套浅灰色、灰白色流纹质火山碎屑岩、流纹质火山熔岩、碎屑熔岩夹少量火山沉凝灰岩。在1∶5万区域地质填图的基础上,查明该套地层下部呈角度不整合覆盖于晚三叠世二长花岗岩之上,上部被中—上侏罗统塔木兰沟组平行不整合覆盖,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为178~192Ma,时代为早侏罗世。根据《中国地层指南》关于新建"组"的要求,指定战备村剖面为层型,新建为战备村组。下侏罗统地层单位的建立,对大兴安岭早中生代火山构造岩浆活动的研究及中生代火山岩地层划分对比具有重要地质意义。 相似文献
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《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,47(1):39-48
Quaternary deposits in the southeastern part of the Olduvai basin, northern Tanzania, consist of lake margin deposits, followed by a series of fluvial sediments. The clay mineral fraction of the lake margin deposits (Bed I and lower part of Bed II) is composed of smectite and subordinate illite. All smectite is largely dioctahedral and shows indications for a limited degree of irregular interstratification by illite. In the overlying fluvial deposits (Beds II–IV), illite is the most abundant clay mineral. Smectite only occurs in lower parts of the fluvial deposits (up to the middle of Bed III), where it generally shows a high degree of irregular interstratification. Differences in clay mineral composition between the lake margin deposits and the fluvial deposits record differences in sediment source area and degree of alteration. Dioctahedral smectite in the lake margin deposits and the oldest fluvial deposits is derived from a region with volcanic material extending to the east and south of the basin, which also supplies a certain amount of illite. Illite in the fluvial deposits of Bed IV originates from an area with a metamorphic bedrock to the west and north. Alteration of detrital clay minerals resulted in Mg-enrichment of dioctahedral smectite in part of the lake margin deposits and partial illitization of smectite in the older fluvial deposits. Formation of clay minerals during diagenesis or soil development is not documented by analysis of the total clay fraction. 相似文献
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Detailed clay mineralogical analyses were carried out on Late Permian/Early Triassic carbonate sediments exposed on the Chaotian section (Sichuan Basin, Central China). The clay assemblages are dominantly composed of illite in platform carbonates and clay seams, and illite–smectite mixed-layers (I/S) in tuff layers (K-bentonites) intercalated in the carbonate succession. Detrital and authigenic volcanogenic clay minerals have been partially replaced through illitisation processes during burial, raising questions about diagenetic effects. The precise determination of I/S occurring in K-bentonites shows that the sediments reached a temperature of about 180 °C, which is consistent with (1) previous estimates based on fluid-inclusion homogenisation temperature analysis, (2) the burial depth of the sedimentary series deduced from the post-Palaeozoic geological history of the Sichuan Basin and (3) the new data (Tmax) obtained on organic matter indicating the transition between oil and gas windows. The Wangpo Bed, located close to the Guadalupian–Lopingian Boundary, is interpreted either as a volcanic acidic tuff or as a clastic horizon. This controversial origin probably results from mixed volcanogenic and detrital influences. The Wangpo Bed is therefore interpreted as a reworked bentonite as revealed by the occurrence of I/S similar to those found in tuff layers, together with preserved detrital kaolinite. 相似文献
14.
通过X射线衍射系统分析了杭州湾地区SE2孔全新世沉积物的黏土矿物组成,结果显示研究层段黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石组成;伊利石结晶度较好,化学风化指数普遍大于0.5,表明以化学风化为主,且风化趋势自下而上呈递减趋势。通过对比中国东南部主要河流沉积物的黏土矿物组成,认为钱塘江下切河谷全新世沉积物的黏土矿物组成具有较好的物源指示意义: 全新世 Ⅰ 段(即古河口湾和河漫滩)沉积物主要来自钱塘江上游,特征黏土矿物为高岭石,河口外物质贡献不大;Ⅱ 段(即现代河口湾和近岸浅海)沉积物包含较多蒙脱石,表明不仅包括钱塘江上游物质,河口外长江物质也开始进入钱塘江河口。黏土矿物中,高岭石对气候有较好的指示作用:中全新世高岭石含量达到最高值,反映气候最为湿热,化学风化程度最高;晚全新世含量逐渐降低,反映气候逐渐回冷,化学风化强度降低。 相似文献
15.
Provenance of iron,bauxite and clay deposits of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in southern margin of North China Craton: An example from Da'an bauxite and clay deposit of Sanmenxia area,Henan Province 
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下载免费PDF全文 Liu Xue-Fei Wang Qing-Fei Ma Yao Li Zhong-Ming Zhao Li-Hua Zhou Zhi-Hui Liu Bai-Shun Ma Xin-Li 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):965-976
During the Middle Ordovician to Late Carboniferous period,the North China Craton(NCC)was exposed and experienced prolonged weathering that resulted in the formation of large-scale iron,clay and bauxite deposits. The source of ore-forming material has always been a research focus,in particular,whether the sources of the iron ore and the Fe-bearing clay at the bottom of Benxi Formation are the same as the upper bauxite and clay deposit is still unclear. In this study,the Da'an bauxite and clay deposit at the southern margin of the NCC was chosen to carry out a detailed analysis of the micro-region mineral composition and elemental geochemical characteristics for further exploring the sources of iron,bauxite and clay deposits. The composition of the ore-bearing rocks in the Da'an bauxite deposit from the bottom to top includes Fe-bearing clay(locally iron ore),bauxite,and bauxitic clay;locally,in karstic uplift,bauxitic clay layer is directly overlying on the Fe-bearing clay. The Fe-bearing clay is dominated by siderite,pyrite,and illite in the karstic depression,and hematite,illite,and kaolinite in the uplift. Bauxite is mainly composed of diaspore,illite,and anatase,while bauxitic clay is mainly composed of illite. Mineral microanalysis revealed the development of large amounts of moissanite and small amounts of natural silica,silicalite,and chromite at the bottom of bauxitic clay layer. Regional comparison and correlation reveal that the ophiolite in the Shangdan suture zone and Erlangping Group in the North Qinling orogenic belt(NQOB)likely provides source materials for bauxite and clay deposits. The obvious differences in immobile element ratios (e.g., Zr/TiO2,Hf/TiO2,Nb/TiO2,Ta/TiO2)between the bottom Fe-bearing clay layer and the upper bauxite and clay layer in Da'an deposit,revealing that they are from different sources. The bottom Fe-bearing clay and iron ore layers are the products of in-situ weathering of underlying carbonates,while the top bauxite and clay are allochthonous. The regional uplift of the NQOB during the Late Carboniferous period provided important ore-forming materials for the formation of the NCC bauxite and clay deposits. 相似文献
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通过X射线衍射系统分析了杭州湾地区SE2孔全新世沉积物的黏土矿物组成,结果显示研究层段黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石组成;伊利石结晶度较好,化学风化指数普遍大于0.5,表明以化学风化为主,且风化趋势自下而上呈递减趋势。通过对比中国东南部主要河流沉积物的黏土矿物组成,认为钱塘江下切河谷全新世沉积物的黏土矿物组成具有较好的物源指示意义: 全新世 Ⅰ 段(即古河口湾和河漫滩)沉积物主要来自钱塘江上游,特征黏土矿物为高岭石,河口外物质贡献不大;Ⅱ 段(即现代河口湾和近岸浅海)沉积物包含较多蒙脱石,表明不仅包括钱塘江上游物质,河口外长江物质也开始进入钱塘江河口。黏土矿物中,高岭石对气候有较好的指示作用:中全新世高岭石含量达到最高值,反映气候最为湿热,化学风化程度最高;晚全新世含量逐渐降低,反映气候逐渐回冷,化学风化强度降低。 相似文献
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华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世期间一直出露地表,经历了长期的风化作用,形成大规模的铁-铝黏土矿,其成矿物源一直是研究的热点,尤其是本溪组底部铁矿和铁质黏土矿与上部铝黏土矿是否为同一来源尚未查清。本研究选取克拉通南缘大安铝黏土矿床作为研究对象,展开微区矿物及元素地球化学组成分析,进一步探讨铁-铝黏土矿物质来源。大安矿床内含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质黏土岩、铝土矿、铝质黏土矿;局部喀斯特高地缺失铝土矿,铝质黏土矿直接覆盖于铁质黏土岩之上。铁质黏土岩在洼地以菱铁矿、黄铁矿和伊利石为主,在隆起区以赤铁矿、伊利石和高岭石为主。铝土矿以硬水铝石、伊利石和锐钛矿为主;铝质黏土矿主要矿物为伊利石。矿物微区分析在黏土矿底部发现大量的碳化硅和少量自然硅、硅铁矿、铬铁矿;区域对比揭示北秦岭造山带内商丹缝合带和二郎坪群中的蛇绿岩为铝黏土矿形成提供了成矿物质。本溪组底部铁质黏土与上部铝黏土矿稳定元素比率(例如Zr/TiO2、Hf/TiO2、Nb/TiO2、Ta/TiO2)存在明显差异,揭示二者为不同来源: 底部铁质黏土岩和铁矿层为底板碳酸盐岩原地风化的产物;而上部铝黏土矿是异地搬运物,北秦岭造山带在晚石炭世的整体抬升为华北铝黏土矿形成提供了重要的成矿物质。 相似文献
18.
利用薄片确定砂岩类型、扫描电镜观察碎屑岩微观特征并划分成岩阶段以及对岩石储层进行物性测试分析等方法,系统地探究了内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响。研究表明该地区砂岩胶结物有钙质胶结物、硅质胶结物、黏土矿物胶结物和凝灰质胶结物,其中钙质胶结物多为方解石,硅质胶结主要表现为石英次生加大,黏土胶结物以伊利石为主,凝灰质胶结物在该地区出现较少。地化数据显示哲斯组泥岩有机质镜质体反射率值(Ro)在2%~4%之间、最高热解温度(T_(max))490℃、伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)的蒙皂石层15%;薄片镜下观察发现碎屑颗粒间以线接触为主,扫描电镜观察石英次生加大级别为Ⅲ—Ⅳ级。综合分析确定内蒙古索伦地区哲斯组碎屑岩处于晚成岩阶段B期—C期。压实和胶结作用一定程度上降低砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率;而溶蚀溶解作用提高砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率。 相似文献
19.
Jung Ho Ahn Donald R. Peacor Douglas S. Coombs 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(1):82-89
Clay minerals from the three principal kinds of zeolitic sediments from the type area for zeolite facies alteration, the Triassic Murihiku Supergroup, Southland, New Zealand, have been studied by TEM. Bentonitic tuff consists largely of smectite and heulandite with minor illite; they occur as replacements of glass shards and are inferred to be direct alteration products of tuff alteration. Both analcime- and laumontite-rich tuffs contain chlorite, illite and mixed-layer illite-chlorite, including 11 mixed-layer sequences. Subhedral to euhedral phyllosilicate crystal shapes and other textural features imply that phyllosilicates crystallized from solution derived in part by dissolution of precursor smectite. Intralayer transitions involving illite and chlorite are inferred to be products of crystallization rather than direct alteration and replacement. Petrographically similar bentonitic and analcimized tuffs overlap each other in the stratigraphic section, supporting earlier observations that there is no systematic change in smectite relative to the illite plus chlorite derived from smectite in sections up to 8.5 km thick. The data imply that smectite may be metastable relative to illite plus chlorite. Permeability and fluid chemistry are inferred to be as significant as temperature in promoting reactions in clay minerals as well as zeolites during burial metamorphism.Contribution No. 436, from The Mineralogical Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 相似文献
20.
滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿热液矿物地球化学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滇黔桂卡林型金矿是产于热水沉积岩及碎屑岩系的热液矿床，载金矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂等热液矿物，而石英、碳酸盐、萤石及粘土等矿物则是主要的热液蚀变矿物。矿化产于蒙脱石、高岭石粘土到伊利石、绿泥石粘土矿物的转变带，成矿深度在2000m以上，成矿热液来源于粘土矿物脱水产生的异常高压流体或沿断裂带天水循环形成的成矿流体。这种流体形成的热液矿物稀土元素分配显示中稀土富集的分配模式，并明显富元素钇，这种流体中形成的黄铁矿中Co／Ni值显示沉积到热液成因的过渡类型，因此与砂岩铜矿中热液矿物的稀土分布模式有某些一致性。 相似文献