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在对河南油田双河矿区油田污水进行全分析的基础上，研究了污水中Fe^2 ,S^2-，溶解氧（DO）及污水的pH值对有机交联体系聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）－酚醛胶态分散凝胶（CDG）成胶性能的影响。研究结果表明，Fe^2 ,S^2－，DO及污水的pH值对HPAM－酚醛体系的成胶性能都有影响当ρ（Fe^2 )=1.6mg/L,ρ（S^2-)=0.1mg/L,ρ（DO）=1.6mg/L，HPAM－酚醛体系就不能成胶；随着污水pH值的增大，CDG强度变弱。 相似文献
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油田污水中Fe2+,S2-,DO及pH值对无机交联体系HPAM-Cr3+CDG成胶性能影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在对河南油田下二门矿区油田污水进行全面分析的基础上，研究了污水中Fe^2 ，S^2-，溶解氧（DO）及污水的pH值对无机交联体系聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）－Cr^3 胶成分散凝胶（CDG）成胶性能的影响。研究结果表明，对于HPAM－Cr^3 体系，污水中Fe^2 ，DO对其成胶性能没有影响；S^2-和污水的pH值对其成胶性能有影响。pH值增大，凝胶强度增强；S^2-浓度增加，则凝胶强度减弱。 相似文献
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基于大庆油田三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层存在的损害现象,研究了污水回注渗透率的影响因素。采用室内水驱实验方法,对三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等因素进行了分析,阐述了各种成分对渗透率的影响机理。结果表明,悬浮物颗粒会堵塞孔隙喉道,油产生的“贾敏效应”将增大油水流动阻力,碱与岩石及黏土矿物问的物理化学作用会使地层结垢,聚合物在岩芯中的吸附和滞留共同造成地层渗透率的下降。因此,建议将三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等处理合格后再进行回注,以减轻对地层的损害。 相似文献
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针对陕北延长油田黄土层漏失具有井底温度低、漏失严重、常规堵漏材料与方法堵漏效果差的特点,研究出了一种低温下快速实现交联的PLC聚合物交联凝胶。采用浓度6.5%的聚合物胶液与浓度2%的有机复合交联稳定剂,按聚合物胶液与有机复合交联稳定剂10∶1.3的交联比,在17.6～40 ℃条件下进行快速成胶试验。试验得出,PLC聚合物交联凝胶成胶时间短,抗污染能力强,与桥堵材料有很好的配伍性,二者配合使用对于封堵黄土层恶性漏失具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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针对普通凝胶抗温能力较差难以适用于高温地层堵漏作业的问题,通过设计合成抗高温凝胶主剂GN-1并运用二次交联技术,研发了新型抗高温凝胶堵漏材料。优选配方为：淡水+1.5%GN-1+0.15%地面交联剂+1%井下交联剂+0.2%抗氧化剂。通过热滚老化与高温流变测试相结合的手段对凝胶抗温能力进行评价。结果表明,该凝胶材料具有良好的热稳定性,在180 ℃下老化24 h后,7.34 s-1下剪切粘度＞10000 mPa?s。大幅加重后180 ℃老化24 h仍能保持较好的粘弹性。此外还考察了不同温度和pH值下的成胶性能以及与聚磺钻井液体系的配伍性,为抗高温凝胶堵漏材料在现场的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体的合成及表征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
铝酸钴(CoAl2O4)是目前世界上最耐候、耐光、耐热、耐化学品的尖晶石型钴蓝颜料,为了解决传统钴蓝制备方法存在的能耗高、产品粒径分布不均匀、易团聚等问题,尝试采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法合成了尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,对样品进行了TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析,考察了前驱体凝胶的热分解过程,以及煅烧温度对CoAl204晶化程度和粒度的影响．确定了钴蓝最佳合成条件为：n(Co^2 )／n(Al^3 )=1：3,柠檬酸与金属离子摩尔比为1：1,pH值约为6．5,煅烧温度为800℃．结果表明,采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法成功合成了平均粒径为60nm,粒度分布均匀的尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,该法具有合成成本低、制备工艺简单、易操作等优点． 相似文献
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以西宁降尘为研究对象,探讨柠檬酸溶解2 d过程中体系的pH及电导率变化,借助XRD、FTIR、SEM和ICP等表征手段,对降尘经酸处理后的残余固体及上清液进行分析。降尘加入柠檬酸的前4 h,反应溶液pH迅速上升;电导率从初始的4.31 ms/cm迅速升高到5.61 ms/cm,然后缓慢下降;8 h后,pH和电导率基本达到稳定。根据XRD分析,白云石特征峰(d=0.2886 nm、0.2190 nm等)和方解石特征峰(d=0.3031nm、0.2282 nm等)完全消失;根据红外分析,代表碳酸盐矿物的特征峰(1430 cm-1和877 cm-1)也消失,结合XRD结果可以得出方解石和白云石在柠檬酸作用2 d后完全溶解。柠檬酸溶出了降尘中大量的Ca2+,K+,Mg2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Si等元素,其中Ca2+的溶出量达到711.63 mg/L。柠檬酸对不同元素溶出的促进作用由强到弱依次为:FeAlSiCaMgK。在柠檬酸的作用下,降尘中的矿物被全部或部分溶解,其中碳酸盐矿物几乎完全溶解。 相似文献
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电气石粉对油田采出废水处理效果实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将电气石粉应用于油田采出废水CODCr的处理中,实验表明处理效果主要受反应时间、电气石用量、电气石粒径和溶液pH值等因素的影响。通过正交实验得到处理的最佳条件为:溶液pH=9,反应时间60min,电气石用量200g/L,电气石粒径100μm,此时油田采出废水CODCr降至68.46mg/L,去除率达到了82.25%。结合紫外线、红外线、超声波等条件进行电气石粉的CODCr降解实验,结果表明,这3种方法是有效的,其中结合超声波处理使去除率达到了90%以上,结合紫外线使处理时间降低了83%。本实验的进行为电气石这种环境矿物材料拓宽了应用领域。 相似文献
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混凝-催化氧化处理含油污水实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用复合化学混凝及催化氧化联合工艺对油田生产废水进行了实验研究.结果表明:含油废水经混凝处理后,剩余ρ(CODcr )可以达到300 mg/L左右,剩余悬浮物质量浓度小于10mg/L;再经活性炭载Cu、Pd催化剂的深度处理,含油污水中的ρ(CODcr )值由315 mg/L降至50 mg/L以下,达到了国家的相关排放标准.催化剂可以再生重复使用. 相似文献
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在模拟含Zn2 废水中加入Mg2 和Al3 ,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)去除Zn2 的可行性。详细探讨了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg2 /Zn2 摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Zn2 去除率的影响,结合X射线衍射分析(XRD)探讨了Zn2 去除机理,并与化学沉淀法进行了比较。结果表明,实验条件下只有pH值显著影响Zn2 去除率(p<0.05),在9.0~11.0范围内去除效果最佳,达99%以上。通过XRD分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Zn2 主要是在晶体生成阶段以Zn-Mg-Al三元LDH化合物形式被去除的。与化学沉淀法相比,即时合成法效果更好,适用pH值范围更广,用来处理含Zn2 废水更具优势。 相似文献
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研究了水滑石(LDH)及其焙烧产物(LDO)吸附脱除水溶液中活性深蓝ST-2GLN的性能。考察了pH值、吸附剂投加量、时间等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN染料具有良好的脱除效果,室温下,1 g/L的LDH和0.5 g/L的LDO对浓度为100 mg/L的染料的脱色率分别达到96.11%和98.58%。pH值是影响吸附能力的关键因素,吸附剂对溶液pH值有一定缓冲作用。LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN吸附结果均符合Langmuir吸附等温式。饱和吸附后的LDH用高温热解法再生,再生产物吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降。 相似文献
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13X沸石对Ni2+吸附性能的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在静态条件下，实验研究了13X沸石的用量、温度、时间、溶液pH值、初始Ni^2 质量浓度对Ni^2 吸附性能的。结果表明：在室温下，13X沸石对Ni^2 的吸附平衡时间为15min，对Ni^2 的最大吸附量为49.7mg/g沸石；静态等温吸附过程符合Langmiur吸附等温方程式；13X沸石对Ni^2 的吸附机理为离子交换吸附和表面络合吸附。 相似文献
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在模拟含Cu2+废水中加入Mg2+和Al3+,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除Cu2+的可行性,同时考察了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg/Cu摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Cu2+去除率的影响,探讨了Cu2+去除机理及层状双氢氧化物形成过程。结果表明,实验条件下体系终点pH值显著影响Cu2+去除率,在pH值8.0~11.0范围内去除效果较好,达99%以上。通过X射线衍射分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Cu2+主要是在晶核生成阶段以Cu/Mg/Al三元层状双氢氧化物形式被去除;三元层状双氢氧化物的形成由反应体系中Al3+、Cu2+、Mg2+分步水解导致,最适pH值约为9.0。 相似文献
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Based on the principle of synthesis, a new method was put forward to dispose Congo Red anion-containing dyestuff from wastewater and its feasibility was also examined. The principle of the method is described as follows： Mg^2＋ and Al^3＋ are hydrolyzed to form Mg/Al-LDH by adding Mg^2＋, Al^3＋ and NaOH in wastewater containing anion dyestuff, which is selectively intercalated with the interlayer of LDH in order to balance positive structural charge. While Mg^2＋ and Al^3＋ are co-precipitated to form LDH, the anion dyestuff in wastewater will be removed by LDH synthesized in-situ, as is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of settlings and chemical analysis of aqueous samples. In this work, we studied the influence of Mg/Al mole ratio, pH value, time and temperature of reaction on the removal of anion dyestuff and the use of Mg and Al. The experimental results showed the maximum removal efficiency of anion dyestuff could be attained when pH value was 9.0, and Mg/Al mol ratio was 2 ： 1, reaction duration was 2 hours, and the effect of temperature was not remarkable, and the removal efficiency could reach 100%. Meanwhile, the Mg and Al added could be made good use of. This technology has the advantage of extraordinary efficiency of wastewater disposal. 相似文献
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J. Deng Y. Shao N. Gao Y. Deng C. Tan S. Zhou 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(4):881-890
Zero-valent iron (Fe0), as an alternative iron source, was evaluated to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade acetaminophen (APAP), a representative pharmaceutically active compound in water. Effects of key factors in the so-called Fe0/PS process, including Fe0 dosage, initial pH, temperatures and chelating agents, were studied. Under all the conditions tested, the APAP degradation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. The degradation efficiency of APAP was highest when the Fe0 to PS molar ratio increased to 1:1, and the degradation rate constant and removal were 23.19 × 10?3 min?1 and 93.19 %, respectively. Comparing with Fe2+, Fe0 served as an alternative iron source that can gradually release Fe2+ into water, thereby consistently activating PS to produce sulfate radicals. The Fe0/PS system was effective in a broader pH range from 3 to 8.5. Heat could facilitate production of sulfate radicals and enhance the APAP degradation in the Fe0/PS system. High reaction temperature also improved the Fe2+/PS oxidation of APAP. Finally, sodium citrate (a chelating agent) at an appropriate concentration could improve the APAP degradation rate in the Fe2+/PS and Fe0/PS system. The optimal molar ratio of Fe0 to citrate depended on solution pH. Our results demonstrated that Fe0 was an alternative iron source to activate PS to degrade APAP in water. 相似文献
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Sonochemical degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol in water and wastewater 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. O. Ifelebuegu J. Onubogu E. Joyce T. Mason 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(1):1-8
The sonochemical degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water and wastewater was investigated at ultrasonic frequency of 850 kHz. The effects of pH, initial concentrations, temperature, power and dissolved organic carbon were examined. The results obtained indicated that the rate of ultrasonic degradation of E2 and EE2 in water and wastewater is influenced by the pH, power, air sparging and the dissolved organic content of the aqueous solutions. Mass degradation rates of E2 and EE2 per kW ranged from 1.7 to 4.0 mg kW?1 at varying process parameters. The degradation process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with rate constant of 1.71 × 10?2 min?1 at 25 °C. The value for activation energy (E a = 15.21 kJ mol?1) obtained from Arrhenius-type plot, indicated that the ultrasonic degradation of steroid hormones is thermodynamically feasible, and does not progress only on radical reactions but other intermediate reaction processes. In wastewater, the higher dissolved organic carbon significantly reduced the effectiveness of degradation of the E2 and EE2 showing that ultrasound treatment will be more effective as a tertiary treatment option in wastewater applications. 相似文献
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A. Aziz H. Park S. Kim K. S. Kim 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(12):2805-2816
Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites are important for many applications, especially for catalysis and volatile organic carbon removal. However, the inclusion of a high content of iron in the ZSM-5 structure is hindered due to the high pH required for hydrothermal synthesis. To overcome this problem, the synthesis of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites with a novel iron chelate complex as the iron source (ammonium iron citrate) and a common iron source (iron chloride) was investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, XPS and ICP. The total iron content was determined by ICP. Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by the ammonium iron citrate source method contain the highest iron concentration within the framework of a Mobil five structure, which has a high surface area and crystallinity. The prepared materials were used to remove phenol and ammonium. The catalytic results demonstrated that Fe-ZSM-5 prepared with ammonium iron citrate is the best catalyst. 相似文献