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1.
Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition of seismic data and its application in hydrocarbon detection 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ya‐juan Xue Jun‐xing Cao Ren‐fei Tian Hao‐kun Du Yao Yao 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1441-1453
How to use cepstrum analysis for reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon detection is an initial question of great interest to exploration seismologists. In this paper, wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is proposed as a valid technology for enhancing geophysical responses in specific frequency bands, in the same way as traditional spectrum decomposition methods do. The calculation of wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition, which decomposes the original seismic volume into a series of common quefrency volumes, employs a sliding window to move over each seismic trace sample by sample. The key factor in wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is the selection of the sliding‐window length as it limits the frequency ranges of the common quefrency section. Comparison of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition with traditional spectrum decomposition methods, such as short‐time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition and the relation between these two technologies. In hydrocarbon detection, seismic amplitude anomalies are detected using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition by utilizing the first and second common quefrency sections. This reduces the burden of needing dozens of seismic volumes to represent the response to different mono‐frequency sections in the interpretation of spectrum decomposition in conventional spectrum decomposition methods. The model test and the application of real data acquired from the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin, China, confirm the effectiveness of the seismic amplitude anomaly section using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition for discerning the strong amplitude anomalies at a particular quefrency buried in the broadband seismic response. Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition provides a new method for measuring the instantaneous cepstrum properties of a reservoir and offers a new field of processing and interpretation of seismic reflection data. 相似文献
2.
The seismic response of elasto‐plastic structures to both recorded and generated accelerograms is characterized by a large scattering of the results, even for accelerograms with similar peak ground acceleration values and frequency content. According to current code recommendations a design value of the seismic response of an elasto‐plastic structure can be computed as the mean of the responses to a certain number of spectrum‐fitting generated accelerograms. A more effective probabilistic approach is presented herein. It allows the analyst to calculate a design value of the seismic response characterized by a predefined non‐exceedance probability using a limited number of generated accelerograms. The results of the performed analyses are presented in diagrams that can be used for structural design applications. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the case of an elasto‐plastic structural system and the results are compared with those obtained applying current code recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
在深反射地震资料处理中,当来自深部的有效弱信号和噪声干扰频带差异较小且难以区分时,传统滤波方法的应用会受到限制.谱分解方法是一种使用离散傅里叶变换,基于信号的频率-振幅谱等信息生成高分辨率地震图像的方法,通常用来识别介质物性横向分布特征,处理复杂介质内频谱变化和局部相位的不稳定性等问题,包括定位复杂断层和小尺度断裂等.S变换作为一种新的时频分析方法,具有自动调节分辨率的能力,近些年来被广泛应用到勘探地震、大地电磁等数据处理中,逐渐成为地球物理方法中噪声压制的有效方法之一.与常规石油反射地震资料相比,深反射主动源地震为了探测深部结构信息,常采用大药量激发方式、长排列观测系统等,导致深部有效信号基本湮灭在噪声干扰之中.针对深反射数据特点,本文结合谱分解和S变换技术,首先设计了简单的脉冲函数实验数据,证实S变换方法的有效性,同时说明谱分解方法的效果受所用时频分析方法影响较大,而其中决定分辨能力的变换窗函数的选取尤为重要.在此基础上,分别应用到深反射地震资料的单道和叠加剖面实际数据上,对比分析了传统变换谱分解和S变换谱分解的应用效果,单道资料对比结果表明:相比传统谱分解,S变换谱分解方法具有自动调节分辨率的能力,能够精确的标定深反射地震资料中弱信号不同时刻的频率分量;叠加剖面资料应用结果表明:由S变换谱分解得到的剖面结果与其他谱分解方法结果整体上具有较高的一致性,同时清晰地刻画出原叠加剖面上被噪声湮灭的低频细节特征,提高了剖面的分辨率及同相轴连续性;对比结果明显看出,Gabor变换谱分解方法得到的结果同相轴较为破碎,分析原因认为这是由Gabor变换的时频分解方法的定长窗函数所致,窗口大小不会随着信号频率的变化来调节长度,只能在处理的过程中根据一定的记录长度范围选取窗函数参数,而S变换谱分解方法在窗函数的选取时,通过时变信号的局部频率特征自动调节窗口长度,能够更好的刻画各个频段的细节特征,在深反射剖面成像应用中效果尤为明显.本文结果表明S变换谱分解技术在深地震叠加剖面上的应用有效地提高了来自深部弱反射信号的信噪比和分辨率,并刻画出了叠加剖面上所不具有的低频细节特征,在实际深反射地震资料处理中能有效保护低频弱信号获得更好的成像效果.本文为深地震反射资料中弱信号的保护处理找到一种有效的方法. 相似文献
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讨论非平稳、非线性局域波信号分解方法的物理意义和自适应性，数值实现三种局域波分解算法，研究局域波分解在地震信号时频分析中的应用方法和实践.通过Hilbert变换得到地震信号时频分布特征，与Fourier变换谱物理意义不同.采用一定的计算策略，改善瞬时频率计算精度，突出瞬时频率属性的物理意义；将局域波分解同Wigner分布结合，计算地震信号基于局域波分解的Wigner分布，抑制交叉项.模型和实际地震数据试算结果表明实现算法的正确性和有效性.研究表明：在地震信号时频分析中采用局域波分解求Hilbert谱具有自适应性，时域和频域的分辨率也较高；而基于局域波分解的地震信号Wigner分布，保留Wigner分布优良特性，抑制交叉项方法简单易实现；局域波分解方法适合处理地震信号，值得进一步研究和推广. 相似文献
5.
Jun Feng Bingxue Zhu Wei Li Hui Chen Bin Zhou Shi-hu Wu Ke Guo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(9):2665-2677
Preserving the structural and stratigraphic discontinuities or edges is essential in seismic data processing and interpretation. According to several numerical experiments, it is obvious that random noise has a constant spectral density, whereas the structural features vary significantly within different frequency bands, which means that the ratio between the densities of noise and structural features varies significantly in different frequency bands. Therefore, we propose a method called adaptive hybrid diffusion to attenuate random noise, which utilizes a novel adaptive frequency-based parameter. First, the adaptive hybrid diffusion method decomposes the seismic sections into several band-limited portions using variational mode decomposition. These portions are called intrinsic mode functions, in which noise and structural energy have distinct differences. Subsequently, utilizing the adaptive frequency-based parameter, each intrinsic mode function is divided into several monotonous portions that represent the noise or structural area. Afterwards, the total variation and L2 minimization algorithms are utilized separately to suppress the noise in different band-limited monotonous areas. The algorithms are chosen dynamically, as the portion changes with the change in the adaptive parameter. Finally, these denoised portions are combined to obtain the denoised seismic section. Experimental results on synthetic and field seismic data showed that seismic noise is effectively suppressed by the adaptive hybrid diffusion method, with the edge details of seismic events well preserved. 相似文献
6.
The effects of soil‐structure interaction on the seismic response of multi‐span bridges are investigated by means of a modelling strategy based on the domain decomposition technique. First, the analysis methodology is presented: kinematic interaction analysis is performed in the frequency domain by means of a procedure accounting for radiation damping, soil–pile and pile‐to‐pile interaction; the seismic response of the superstructure is evaluated in the time domain by means of user‐friendly finite element programs introducing suitable lumped parameter models take into account the frequency‐dependent impedances of the soil–foundation system. Second, a real multi‐span railway bridge longitudinally restrained at one abutment is analyzed. The input motion is represented by two sets of real accelerograms: one consistent with the Italian seismic code and the other constituted by five records characterized by different frequency contents. The seismic response of the compliant‐base model is compared with that obtained from a fixed‐base model. Pile stress resultants due to kinematic and inertial interactions are also evaluated. The application demonstrates the importance of performing a comprehensive analysis of the soil–foundation–structure system in the design process, in order to capture the effects of soil‐structure interaction in each structural element that may be beneficial or detrimental. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we present a new method for seismic stratigraphic absorption compensation based on the adaptive molecular decomposition.
Using this method, we can remove most of the effects resulting from wavelets truncation and interference which usually exist
in the common time-frequency absorption compensation method. Based on the assumption that the amplitude spectrum of the source
wavelet is smooth, we first construct a set of adaptive Gabor frames based on the time-variant properties of the seismic signal
to transform the signal into the time-frequency domain and then extract the slowly varying component (the wavelet’s time-varying
amplitude spectrum) in each window in the time-frequency domain. Then we invert the absorption compensation filter parameters
with an objective function defined using the correlation coefficients in each window to get the corresponding compensation
filters. Finally, we use these filters to compensate the time-frequency spectrum in each window and then transform the time-frequency
spectrum to the time domain to obtain the absorption-compensated signal. By using adaptive molecular decomposition, this method
can adapt to isolated and overlapped seismic signals from the complex layers in the inhomogeneous viscoelastic medium. The
viability of the method is verified by synthetic and real data sets. 相似文献
8.
Best estimate seismic analysis are generally based on time‐domain simulations of structural responses. The seismic load is then modeled by a stochastic process representing ground motion. For this purpose, the analyst can use recorded accelerograms or work with synthetically generated ones. The number of ground motion time‐histories available for a given scenario and site condition is limited and generally not sufficient for carrying out more advanced probabilistic structural response analysis. It is then necessary to have at our disposal methods that allow for generating synthetic accelerograms that realistically characterize earthquake ground motions. However, most of the methods proposed in literature for generating synthetic accelerograms do not accurately reproduce the natural variability of ground motion parameters (such as PGA, cumulative absolute velocity, and Arias intensity) observed for recorded time histories. In this paper, we introduce a new method for generating synthetic ground motion, based on Karhunen‐Loève decomposition and a non‐Gaussian stochastic model. The proposed method enables the structural analyst to simulate ground motion time histories featuring the properties mentioned above. To demonstrate its capability, we study the influence of the simulation method on different ground motion parameters and on soil response spectra. We finally compute fragility curves to illustrate the practical application of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震中,四川数字强震台网共获取了133组三分向加速度记录. 本文选取了一些不同断层距的台站所获取的强震动记录进行了处理和分析．在数据处理中,采用基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）提取信号时频特性的方法,有效获得了信号能量的时频分布,提取了中心频率、 Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频等特性,并与傅里叶变换、小波变换进行了对比研究．研究结果表明, 对非线性的强震记录采用聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）能抑制经验模态分解（EMD）中存在的模态混叠问题;与傅里叶变换和小波变换相比发现, HHT边际谱在低频处幅值高于傅里叶谱;与小波变换受到所选取的母波强烈影响不同, HHT直接从强震记录中分离出固有模态函数（IMF）,更能反映出原始数据的固有特性, Hilbert谱反映出大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,而小波谱的能量却在频率范围内分布较为广泛．因此,基于EEMD的HHT在客观性和分辨率方面都具有明显的优越性,能提取到更多强震加速度记录的时频特性． 相似文献
10.
The inelastic seismic response behaviour for a range of simplified single-degree-of-freedom models has been analysed using 180 random phase angle synthetic accelerograms with different frequency contents and different durations and 105 real accelerograms collected from different regions worldwide. Results from the analyses have identified that the frequency content of the excitation can greatly influence the ductility demand ratio due to inelastic amplification effects. Consequently, results derived from intraplate earthquake records (typically of higher frequency content) were generally different to those from interplate records. However, the commonly used El Centro accelerogram has significantly lower ductility demand in the low period range than the average of records with similar elastic response spectral shape. Apart from this, there was little evidence to suggest any inherent differences in the inelastic response behaviour of buildings from intraplate and interplate earthquakes which possessed similar frequency content. Thus, the average ductility demand ratios from future earthquakes in an area can be predicted by interpolation of the results presented in this paper assuming the elastic response spectrum has been defined. Ductility demand ratios derived from the synthetic accelerograms and the real accelerograms with similar frequency content have been shown to be consistent. However, results from synthetic records derived for the idealised code design spectra (such as the Uniform Building Code and the Australian Standard AS1170.4) indicate a significantly higher ductility demand in the long period range. 相似文献
11.
Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
A non-parametric wave type based model for real-time prediction of strong ground motion accelerogram
A wave type based method for real-time prediction of strong ground motion (SGM) accelerogram is developed. Real-time prediction of SGM is requested in predictive building control systems to trigger and control actuator systems achieving the goal of reduction of the structural deformations during an on-going earthquake. It is well known that SGM is a classic example of non-stationary stochastic process with temporal variation of both amplitude and frequency content. The developed non-parametric model considers the non-homogeneity of the seismic process which contains different wave types with the individual frequency contents and time-dependency amplitude distribution pattern. Therefore, an important part of the method is to detect dominant seismic wave phases. Prediction of seismic signal is undertaken by applying frequency adaptive windowing approach, which leads to predict the on-coming signal in time window t+Δt based on the measured data in the time window t. Besides use of the frequency adaptive windowing, constant windowing and semi-adaptive windowing approaches are deployed. The results show that use of the adaptive time windows relevant to dominant frequency of the signal will enable the model to catch and predict the most dominant frequencies. Performance of the proposed model is verified by the use of 97 free-field accelerograms, which were applied to train and validate the prediction model. The selected accelerograms were measured above the soil type C and D according Eurocode 8 and their Moment magnitude are ranging between 6.2 and 7.7. The learning capability of the radial basis function Artificial Neural Network is used to reconstruct the SGM accelerogram. The most significant advantage of the proposed model is the concept of wave type based modeling which has the advantage of a conceptual physical modeling of the seismic process. Comparison of the real-time predicted and the observed accelerograms shows a high correlation when the frequency adaptive approach is applied. This paper lays a foundation for more effective use of real-time predictive control systems and potential for future extension in active structural control as well as in real-time seismology. 相似文献
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本文分析了Curvelet变换在地震数据处理中的优势及不足,提出了非二次幂Curvelet变换.主要有两点改进:(1)将经典Curvelet变换非自适应的二次幂多尺度多角度分解方式改进为基于地震数据特点的、自适应非二次幂可控多尺度多角度分解方式,可以更有效地反映地震信号的主要方向特征和频率特征;(2)在最粗尺度引入各向异性分析,实现了对低频信号的精细处理.本文通过处理合成记录和含有面波干扰的实际数据算例验证了非二次幂Curvelet变换在地震噪声压制中的有效性. 相似文献
15.
The seismic ground rotations are important with respect to spatial structural models, which are sensitive to the wave propagation. The rotational ground motion can lead to significant increasing of structural response, instability and unusual damages of buildings. Currently, the seismic analyses often take into account the rocking and torsion motions separately using artificial accelerograms. We present an exact analytical method, proposed by Nazarov [15] for computing of three rotational accelerograms simultaneously from given translational records. The method is based on spectral representation in the form of Fourier amplitude spectra of seismic waves, corresponding to the given three-component translational accelerogram. The composition, directions and properties of seismic waves are previously determined in the form of a generalized wave model of ground motion. It is supposed that seismic ground motion can be composed by superposition of P, SV, SH- and surface waves. As an example, the dynamic response analysis of 25-story building is presented. Here recorded (low-frequency) and artificial (high-frequency) accelerograms were used; each of them includes three translational and three rotational components. In this structural analysis, we have clarified primarily conditions under which rotational ground motion should be taken into account. Next, we have calculated three rotational components of seismic ground motion. Then they were taken as additional seismic loads components for further seismic analysis of the building. Note, soil–structure interaction (SSI) is not considered in this study. For computing, we use the special software for structural analyses and accelerogram processing (FEA Software STARK ES and Odyssey software, Eurosoft Co., Russia). It was developed and is used in engineering practice in the Central Research Institute of Building Constructions (TsNIISK, Moscow, Russia). 相似文献
16.
Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT)是一种新的适用于非线性、非平稳信号,且具有自适应性的数据处理方法．本文简要介绍了一座45层钢筋混凝土框架结构及其振动台试验模型概况. 利用HHT分析了模型结构在不同烈度地震中的反应记录,得到了Hilbert时频幅值三维分布和Hilbert边际谱．Hilbert谱得到记录能量集中分布的频段与时间范围,捕捉到信号变化的主要特征. Hilbert边际谱曲线形状和峰值频率值随着地震烈度的升级而发生了相应变化,而且所有的结果图形体现出相同的规律性,预示着Hilbert边际谱在土木工程结构安全评价中的应用前景． 相似文献
17.
Fabrizio Mollaioli Andrea Lucchini Yin Cheng Giorgio Monti 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(5):1841-1866
Base isolation has become a widely applied technique for protecting buildings located in highly seismic areas. Due to the strongly non-linear constitutive behaviour typical of many isolation devices, the seismic response of base-isolated buildings is usually evaluated through non-linear dynamic analysis. In this type of analysis a suitable set of ground motions is needed for representing the earthquake loads and for exciting the structural model. Many methods can be found in the literature for defining the ground motions. When natural accelerograms are used, the methods mainly differ from each other based on the intensity measures used for scaling the records to the defined earthquake intensity level. Investigations have been carried out for evaluating the predictive capability of the intensity measures used in these methods: while many studies focused on ordinary buildings, only a few focused on base-isolated ones. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the most commonly used intensity measures, which are currently available in the literature, with respect to their capability to predict the seismic response of base-isolated buildings. Selected for the investigation are two frame structures characterized by a different number of storeys and base-isolated with systems having different properties. Two sets of accelerograms, consisting of ordinary and pulse-like near-fault records, are used in the analyses and in the evaluation of the intensity measures. Modified versions of existing intensity measures are also proposed, with the intent of improving the correlations between the considered intensity measures and response quantities. 相似文献
18.
随掘地震超前探测震源具有连续、非可控的特点,需要使用互相关技术将连续震源记录转换为等效脉冲震源记录以获取有效反射信号。但随掘地震超前探测信号往往包含一些能量较强且频带较窄的优势频率成分,使得互相关处理会引入较严重的干扰。为此,本文提出将基于变分模态分解（VMD）的希尔伯特谱白化方法应用于随掘地震超前探测信号。该方法首先利用VMD将地震信号分解为若干个本征模态函数（IMF）,再对各IMF应用希尔伯特变换进行时频分解,最后使用白化滤波器对其希尔伯特谱进行谱白化。数值模拟结果表明基于VMD的希尔伯特谱白化方法能够在保持各道信号一致性的同时均衡信号的不同频率成分,有效压制互相关结果中的虚假同相轴,加快主峰旁瓣衰减。将本文方法应用于安徽淮北杨庄煤矿某巷道实际数据,成功探测了掌子面前方存在的断层构造,表明该方法具有较好的实用性。 相似文献
19.
Selecting, scaling and matching accelerograms are critically important to engineering design and assessment, enabling structural response to be determined with greater confidence and through fewer analyses than if unscaled accelerograms are employed. This paper considers the response of an 8‐storey multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom reinforced concrete structure to accelerograms selected, linearly scaled or spectrally matched using five different techniques. The first method consists of selecting real records on the basis of seismological characteristics, while the remaining methods make an initial selection on the basis of magnitude and spectral shape before (1) scaling to the target spectral acceleration at the initial period; (2) scaling to the target spectrum over a range of periods; (3) using wavelet adjustments to match the target spectrum and (4) using wavelet adjustments to match multiple target spectra for multiple damping ratios. The analyses indicate that the number of records required to obtain a stable estimate of the response decreases drastically as one moves through these methods. The exact number varies among damage measures and is related to the predictability of the damage measure. For measures such as peak roof and inter‐storey drift, member end rotation and the Park and Ang damage index, as few as one or two records are required to estimate the response to within ±5% (for a 64% confidence level) if matching to multiple damping ratios is conducted. Bias checks are made using predictive equations of the expected response derived from the results of 1656 nonlinear time‐domain analyses of the structure under the action of unscaled accelerograms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Many natural phenomena, including geologic events and geophysical data, are fundamentally nonstationary ‐ exhibiting statistical variation that changes in space and time. Time‐frequency characterization is useful for analysing such data, seismic traces in particular. We present a novel time‐frequency decomposition, which aims at depicting the nonstationary character of seismic data. The proposed decomposition uses a Fourier basis to match the target signal using regularized least‐squares inversion. The decomposition is invertible, which makes it suitable for analysing nonstationary data. The proposed method can provide more flexible time‐frequency representation than the classical S transform. Results of applying the method to both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate that the local time‐frequency decomposition can characterize nonstationary variation of seismic data and be used in practical applications, such as seismic ground‐roll noise attenuation and multicomponent data registration. 相似文献