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1.
夏一飞 《紫金山天文台台刊》2000,19(2):149-153
刚体地球章动序列和非刚体地球章动的转换函数都和地球动力学扁率有关。ＩＡＵ１９８０章动理论中采用了一个不一致的地球动力学扁率值,从而影响了章动振幅的计算。本文介绍了章动序列计算中地球动力学扁率的取值。由地球模型１０６６Ａ或ＰＲＥＭ得到的地球动力学扁率值比由岁差观测得到的约小１％,并且不可靠。当考虑体静力学平衡被破坏时新的地球物理模型,可得到与岁差常数相一致的地球动力学扁率值。地球动力学扁率值Ｈ＝０． 相似文献
2.
The classical Poisson equations of rotational motion are used to study the attitude motions of an Earth orbiting, rapidly spinning gyroscope perturbed by the effects of general relativity (Einstein theory). The center of mass of the gyroscope is assumed to move about a rotating oblate Earth in an evolving elliptic orbit which includes all first-order oblateness effects produced by the Earth.A method of averaging is used to obtain a transformation of variables, for the nonresonance case, which significantly simplifies the Poisson differential equations of motion of the gyroscope. Longterm solutions are obtained by an exact analytical integration of the simplified transformed equations. These solutions may be used to predict both the orientation of the gyroscope and the motion of its rotational angular momentum vector as viewed from its center of mass. The results are valid for all eccentricities and all inclinations not near the critical inclination.This paper represents a part of the author's Ph. D. dissertation for the Mathematics Department, Auburn University. 相似文献
3.
MOND理论和暗物质模型的检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从理论上探讨在地球引力系统内，修正动力学的引力理论以及暗物质模型的预言．着重研究修正动力学(MOND)的引力理论中一些常用的模型，对其中一个最简单模型，给出了球对称情况下引力势的一般表达式，计算了地球引力场中这些模型预言的卫星角速度，发现不同模型给出的角速度是不相同的，并且将这些值分别与牛顿理论的角速度值相比较．虽然这些模型的角速度与牛顿理论角速度的差异都很小，但简单模型的差异更大一些．对于月球作为卫星的情况，目前的技术有可能对这个角速度差进行实际观测．最后估算暗物质模型中月球绕地球运动角速度所受到的影响，证明它远远小于MOND理论的效应．由此对这个角速度差的观测，就构成检验MOND理论与暗物质模型的一个判据． 相似文献
4.
地球动力学扁率及其与岁差章动的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由岁差常数求得的日月岁差是天文学的重要参数之一,它和地球动力学扁率相联系。地球动力学扁率在章动理论的计算中也是一个重要的物理量。介绍了由不同的观测方法和模型给出的地球动力扁率值,并讨论了它也岁差的关系和对章动计算的影响。在刚体地球章动振幅的计算中,地球动力学扁率值起着尺度因子的作用,要改善刚体地球章动振幅的计算,需要修改目前的黄经总岁差值。非刚体地球章动的转换函数中所采用的简正模和常数都直接或间接地依赖地球动力学扁率值。在IAU1980章动理论中,计算刚体地球章动振幅所使用的地球动力学扁率值计算转换函数中简正模频率和常数所使用的地球动力学扁率值并不一致。随着观测和计算精度的提高,地球动力学扁率值的不一致将影响章动振幅的计算。在建立刚体地球章地动理论中,如何解释地球动力学扁率值的差异,如何选取地球动力学扁率值,还有待进一步的研究。 相似文献
5.
The heating of a spinning artificial satellite by natural radiation sources such as the Sun and the Earth results in temperature gradients arising across the satellite's surface. The corresponding anisotropic emission of thermal radiation leads to a recoil force, commonly referred to as “thermal force”. A quantitative theory of this effect is developed, based on more general assumptions than used so far, to model such radiation forces on spherically symmetric LAGEOS-like satellites. In particular, the theory holds for any ratio of the three basic timescales of the problem: the rotation period of the satellite, the orbital period around the Earth, and the relaxation time for the thermal processes. Thus, the simplifying assumption of a comparatively fast rotational motion is avoided, which will fail for LAGEOS within the next decade, owing to magnetic dissipation effects. A number of predictions about the future behaviour of non-gravitational long-term orbital perturbations of LAGEOS become possible with the new theory. In particular the Yarkovsky-Schach thermal force effects are studied arising as a consequence of the solar radiation flux onto the satellite, periodically interrupted by eclipses. Starting on about year 2005, the orbital perturbation effects predicted by the new theory are substantially different from those inferred in the fast-rotation case. This holds not only for the long-term semimajor axis effects, but also for eccentricity and inclination perturbations. 相似文献
6.
F. Arias Ch. Bizouard P. Bretagnon A. Brzezinski B. Buffett N. Capitaine P. Defraigne O. de Viron M. Feissel H. Fliegel A. Forte D. Gambis J. Getino R. Gross T. Herring H. Kinoshita S. Klioner P.M. Mathews D. Mccarthy X. Moisson S. Petrov R.M. Ponte F. Roosbeek D. Salstein H. Schuh K. Seidelmann M. Soffel J. Souchay J. Vondrak J.M. Wahr P. Wallace R. Weber J. Williams Y. Yatskiv V. Zharov S.Y. Zhu 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1998,72(4):245-309
This paper presents the reflections of the Working Group of which the tasks were to examine the non-rigid Earth nutation theory. To this aim, six different levels have been identified: Level 1 concerns the input model (giving profiles of the Earth's density and theological properties) for the calculation of the Earth's transfer function of Level 2; Level 2 concerns the integration inside the Earth in order to obtain the Earth's transfer function for the nutations at different frequencies; Level 3 concerns the rigid Earth nutations; Level 4 examines the convolution (products in the frequency domain) between the Earth's nutation transfer function obtained in Level 2, and the rigid Earth nutation (obtained in Level 3). This is for an Earth without ocean and atmosphere; Level 5 concerns the effects of the atmosphere and the oceans on the precession, obliquity rate, and nutations; Level 6 concerns the comparison with the VLBI observations, of the theoretical results obtained in Level 4, corrected for the effects obtained in Level 5.Each level is discussed at the state of the art of the developments. 相似文献
7.
Rodolpho Vilhena De Moraes 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1981,25(3):281-292
A semi analytical theory is proposed to study the joint effects of direct solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag on the orbit of an artificial Earth satellite. Making the solar radiation pressure equal to zero the problem is reduced to one already solved by Brouwer and Hori. The solutions are not equivalent, however, since in the Brouwer and Hori theory one has spurious Poisson terms. 相似文献
8.
Accurate Analytical Calculation of Effects of Rorations of the Central Planet on a Staellite's Orbit
Sergey M. Kudryavtsev 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1997,67(2):131-144
Satellite orbital perturbations due to many rotations of the planet-fixed reference frame are calculated by a general analytical
method. For the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) the effects of the Earth irregular rotation, precession,
nutation, and polar motion are considered. Gravity coefficients of the Earth potential expansion are expressed in an inertial
Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) as functions of the set of standard constant coefficients derived in the ITRF and of the rotation
angles between the CRF and ITRF. The analytical motion theory uses time dependent gravity coefficients, and the Lagrange motion
equations are integrated in the CRF, as it is done by numerical methods. Comparison of the proposed analytical method with
a numerical one is presented. Motion of the ETALON-1 geodetic satellite perturbed by the geopotential (36*36) and by the full
effects of the Earth irregular rotation, precession, nutation and polar motion is predicted. The r.m.s. difference between
the satellite's coordinates calculated by both methods over a year interval is 2 cm.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
引力常数变化对地球自转长期变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李林森 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2002,(1)
探讨和估计了各种引力常数变化理论对地球角速度和日长变化的影响。各种引力常数变化理论包括了引力常数G随时间、空间以及速度变化等几个方面的影响。另外也估计了对地球自转角速度和日长变化产生的效应。其中有些研究对探讨地球自转变化也有启发意义。 相似文献
10.
The general perturbations in the elliptic and vectorial elements of a satellite as caused by the tidal deformations of the non-spherical Earth are developed into trigonometric series in the standard ecliptical arguments of Hill-Brown lunar theory and in the equatorinal elements ω and Ω of the satellite. The integration of the differential equations for variation of elements of the satellite in this theory is easy because all arguments are linear or nearly linear in time. The trigonometrical expansion permits a judgment about the relative significance of the amplitudes and periods of different tidal ‘waves’ over a long period of time. Graphs are presented of the tidal perturbations in the elliptic elements of the BE-C satellite which illustrate long term periodic behavior. The tidal effects are clearly noticeable in the observations and their comparison with the theory permits improvement of the ‘global’ Love numbers for the Earth. 相似文献
11.
S. Fred Singer 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1972,5(1-2):206-209
Of the many proposed modes of origin of the Moon, some violate physical laws; many are in conflict with observations; all are improbable. Perhaps the least improbable - based on recent tidal theory calculations and on the interpretation of lunar rock data - is capture of the Moon as it passed near the Earth in adirect (prograde) orbit, shortly after the formation of Moon and Earth, about 4.5 billion years ago. (Capture of the Moon from an initiallyretrograde orbit which had been proposed some years ago, leads to physically unacceptable consequences.) The effects of capture on the Earth would have been cataclysmic, leading to intensive heating of its interior, to volcanism, and to the immediate formation of an atmosphere and hydrosphere. Thus capture of a Moon may have given rise to the unique properties of the Earth (in the Solar System) and to the early evolution of life, about 3.5 billion years ago.Presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Lunar Studies in Patras, Greece, September, 1971. 相似文献
12.
简要说明了天文地球动力学范畴内所研究的潮汐现象，包括由日月引潮力引起的固体潮、海洋潮、大气潮和由于地球自转轴的极移引起的极潮，以及这些潮汐对地球自转和地球自转的测量产生的效应。重点阐述中国天文学界在这一领域里的研究成果。这些研究涉及潮汐影响地球自转的机制，也就是各种潮汐效应与极移、自转速率变化和章动的关系，包括构建这类关系的理论模型，分析潮汐对它们的影响，利用中国古代丰富的天象记录计算地球自转的长期减慢，计算弹性或滞弹地球的洛夫数，依据某一地球模型计算潮汐效应或章动序列等等。研究也涉及在测量地球自转参数的不同技术中各种潮汐效应对测量结果产生的影响及其改正，并涉及与潮汐有关的观测方法的优化和数据处理过程的改进。最后介绍了中国学者所发现的脉冲星的周期和周期变率测量中的潮汐效应，尽管它们的量级甚微，但不容忽视。 相似文献
13.
Luni-solar perturbations of an Earth satellite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. E. Roy 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1969,4(4):375-386
Luni-solar perturbations of the orbit of an artificial Earth satellite are given by modifying the analytical theory of an artificial lunar satellite derived by the author in recent papers. Expressions for the first-order changes, both secular and periodic, in the elements of the geocentric Keplerian orbit of the earth satellite are given, the moon's geocentric orbit, including solar perturbations in it, being found by using Brown's lunar theory.The effects of Sun and Moon on the satellite orbit are described to a high order of accuracy so that the theory may be used for distant earth satellites. 相似文献
14.
V. S. Gubanov 《Astronomy Letters》2009,35(4):270-277
The Earth’s rotation is accompanied by free circadian oscillations of its liquid core in the inner cavity of the lower mantle, which perturb the angular momentum of the entire Earth and produce an additional free nutation of the celestial pole called free core nutation (FCN). Since this nutation causes resonances in the diurnal tides and in the expansions of luni—solar nutation, its study, especially an improvement of the FCN period, is of fundamental importance for the theory of the Earth’s rotation. We have determined the FCN parameters from a joint analysis of equidistant series of coordinates of the celestial pole obtained from the combined processing of VLBI observations on global networks of stations for the interval 1984.0–2008.4 by IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service, Paris, France) and NEOS (National Earth Orientation Service, Washington, USA). Applying a moving least-squares filter (MLSF) to these data has shown that the FCN period averaged over this time interval differs significantly from the theoretical one and its phase varies over a wide range. Using the mean quadratic collocation (MQC) method, we have obtained a new, more accurate stochastic FCN model. Its analysis by the envelope method has revealed long-term linear phase trends, calling into question not only the adopted FCN period but also its stability and, hence, the stability of the resonant effects in the Earth’s luni—solar nutation. 相似文献
15.
Juan Getino José M. Ferrándiz 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,322(4):785-799
In this paper we present a theory of the Earth rotation for a model composed of an inelastic mantle and a liquid core, including the dissipation in the core–mantle boundary (CMB). The main features of the theory are: (i) to be Hamiltonian, therefore the computation of some complex inner torques can be avoided; (ii) to be self-consistent and non-dependent on a previous rigid Earth theory, so there is no need to use transfer functions; (iii) to be analytical, the solution being derived by perturbation methods. Numerical nutation series deduced from the theory are compared with the IERS 96 empirical series, an accuracy better than 0.8 mas in providing celestial ephemeris pole (CEP) offsets . 相似文献
16.
We perform a complete reconstruction of the series of the nutation for a rigid Earth model with the use of the very accurate
theories ELP2000 and VSOP82 for the motion of the Moon and the planets respectively, in such a way that all the individual
contributions up to 0.005 mas should be taken. This implies the introduction of the planetary effects, of the influence of
second-order parts of the potential of the Earth (J3, triaxiality), and some improvements due to an extension of the theory
at the second order. All this increase notably the number of coefficients to be taken in account, and modifies also in a significant
way the value of some of them. 相似文献
17.
18.
In this paper we present a new symbolic processor specially suited for the Earth rotation theory. This processor works with a more general kind of Poisson series called Kinoshita series, which has resulted to be very useful in the Earth rotation theory. Its structure is adapted for dealing with the more general analytical expressions that appear in the Earth rotation theory. This new algebraic processor has been successfully used for computing different contributions to the nutation series of the rigid Earth.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
本文利用Hamilton方法研究弹性地球自转运动，采用地球模型PREM参数，给出了形状轴的章动序列．结果表明我们的方法是可行的，计算是可靠的．弹性地幔对地球章动的影响仅在毫角秒量级上，它相对液核对地球竟动的影响要小得多． 相似文献
20.
R. A. Lyttleton 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1969,5(1):18-35
Recent radar measures of the radius and mass of Mercury imply a composition for the planet containing about 60% iron. One or other of two conclusions seems inescapable: either that Mercury is a highly exceptional object among terrestrial planets, or that all measures to date of the planet involve substantial systematic error. In either case the situation is such that independent checking of the radius and mass of Mercury by some entirely different means has become of the greatest importance to planetary physics and cosmogony.The recent radar and other determinations of the solid radius of Venus imply an internal structure similar to that of the Earth, namely a liquid core surrounded by a solid mantle and outer-shell zone. The theory also implies that the temperatures within Venus should be slightly higher than at the corresponding parts of the Earth. The proportion of mass in the core of Venus (about 25% of the whole) is entirely consistent with the phase-change hypothesis as to its nature, as of course is also the absence of any liquid or iron core in both Mars and the Moon. On the older iron-core hypothesis, Venus with considerably less iron content by mass than the Earth, and Mars and the Moon with none, would all present problems in different degrees to account for the differences of composition.If Venus began as an all-solid planet, the initial radius would have been about 6300 km, and the total amount of surface reduction to date owing to contraction of the planet would have been almost 40 million km2, and as a proportion of the total area only slightly less than the contraction of the Earth. The theory thus predicts the existence of folded and thrusted mountain-systems of terrestrial type at the surface of Venus. 相似文献