共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A method for using the colors of star-forming complexes to derive the slope and upper mass limit of the initial mass function (IMF) and the age of the complex is proposed in the framework of synthetic evolutionary models of star-cluster populations. The star-formation parameters of 105 complexes in 20 spiral and irregular galaxies are determined. The IMF slopes in different star-forming complexes differ appreciably, and their dependence on the luminosities and masses of the complexes is derived. The duration of the star-formation period increases with the luminosity of the complex, and complexes with longer star-formation periods are richer in metals. The slope of the integrated IMF in a Galaxy depends on the mass spectrum of its complexes, and the upper mass limit of the IMF is lower in early-type spirals. 相似文献
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The positions of star-forming complexes (SFCs) in color-luminosity, color-color, and chemical composition-luminosity diagrams are determined by the star-formation regime (history). Taking into account the fraction of Lyman continuum photons that are not absorbed by hydrogen, we find a strong correlation between the observed color indices and the total Lyman continuum flux from the stars in SFCs. The distribution of extragalactic SFCs in a plot of the slope of the initial mass function (IMF) versus the density of stars cannot be distinguished from this distribution for clusters in the Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud, where the IMF slopes were derived directly from star counts. 相似文献
4.
V. S. Avedisova 《Astronomy Reports》2002,46(3):193-205
This Catalog of Star-Forming Regions in the Galaxy contains coordinates and fluxes of young objects in the radio and infrared, as well as data on the radial velocities of recombination and molecular lines, for more than three thousand star-forming regions. In addition to photometric and kinematic data, we present information on diffuse and reflecting nebulae, dark and molecular clouds, and other objects related to young stars. The catalog consists of two parts. The main catalog lists star-forming regions in order of Galactic longitude and is supplemented by analogous information for star-forming regions in complexes of dark clouds with large angular sizes that are closest to the Sun. The main catalog is located at http://www.strasbg.-u.fr/pub/cats. In our preliminary study of the catalog data using a formal classification of the star-forming regions, we subdivided these objects into several classes and characterized them as being populated primarily by massive or low-mass stars at early or late stages of the star-formation process. We also distinguish between relatively nearby and distant complexes. 相似文献
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准确地确定岩土设计参数统计特征值诸如均值、标准差是岩土工程可靠度分析与设计的重要前提。在满足岩土设计参数统计特征值计算精度条件下,文中提出了岩土工程最小勘探数据量的确定方法,定义了相对误差和相对变异性指标衡量岩土设计参数统计特征值计算准确性。系统地分析了静力触探试验数据量对砂土有效内摩擦角统计特征值计算精度的影响,并且根据相对误差和相对变异性指标确定了静力触探最小勘探数据量。研究结果表明,由静力触探试验间接估计砂土有效内摩擦角时均值相对误差较低,砂土有效内摩擦角相对变异性指标随静力触探试验数据量的增加而降低,即由认知不足引起的不确定性占总变异性的比值随静力触探试验数据量的增加而减小;当砂土有效内摩擦角容许相对变异性指标小于0.2时砂土有效内摩擦角在最大变异（COV=20%）与最小变异性（COV=5%）范围内,满足预定要求所需的最小静力触探试验数据量为10～100;若容许相对变异性指标小于0.3,所需的最小静力触探试验数据量为5～43。此外,间接估计岩土设计参数时经验回归模型不确定性对最小勘探数据量有显著影响。静力触探试验最小勘探数据量随经验回归模型不确定性的增大而增加,在确定岩土设计参数统计特征值时应尽量广泛收集勘探数据并选择精度较高的计算模型。 相似文献
6.
A. S. Gusev V. I. Myakutin A. E. Piskunov F. K. Sakhibov M. S. Khramtsova 《Astronomy Reports》2008,52(9):714-728
We have compared the results of multicolor U BV R and Hα photometry for 169 young star-formation complexes in five galaxies using a grid of evolutionary models for young star clusters. The ages and interstellar absorptions are estimated for 102 star-formation complexes with the standard uncertainties σ t = 0.30 dex and $ \sigma _{A_V } = 0.45^m We have compared the results of multicolor U BV R and Hα photometry for 169 young star-formation complexes in five galaxies using a grid of evolutionary models for young star clusters.
The ages and interstellar absorptions are estimated for 102 star-formation complexes with the standard uncertainties σ
t
= 0.30 dex and . The accuracies of these parameters were verified using numerical simulations.
Original Russian Text ? A.S. Gusev, V.I. Myakutin, A.E. Piskunov, F.K. Sakhibov, M.S. Khramtsova, 2008, published in Astronomicheskiĭ
Zhurnal, 2008, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp. 794–809. 相似文献
7.
This study proposes an application of two techniques of artificial intelligence (AI) for rainfall-runoff modeling: the artificial
neural networks (ANN) and the evolutionary computation (EC). Two different ANN techniques, the feed forward back propagation
(FFBP) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) methods are compared with one EC method, Gene Expression Programming
(GEP) which is a new evolutionary algorithm that evolves computer programs. The daily hydrometeorological data of three rainfall
stations and one streamflow station for Juniata River Basin in Pennsylvania state of USA are taken into consideration in the
model development. Statistical parameters such as average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness, minimum
and maximum values, as well as criteria such as mean square error (MSE) and determination coefficient (R
2) are used to measure the performance of the models. The results indicate that the proposed genetic programming (GP) formulation
performs quite well compared to results obtained by ANNs and is quite practical for use. It is concluded from the results
that GEP can be proposed as an alternative to ANN models. 相似文献
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An evolutionary approach is applied to solve the nonlinear well logging inverse problem. In the framework of the proposed interval inversion method, nuclear, sonic, and laterolog resistivity data measured at an arbitrary depth interval are jointly inverted, where the depth variation of porosity, water saturation, and shale volume is expanded into series using Legendre polynomials as basis functions. In the interval inversion procedure, the series expansion coefficients are estimated by using an adaptive float-encoded genetic algorithm. Since the solution of the inverse problem using traditional linear optimization tools highly depends on the selection of the initial model, a heuristic search is necessary to reduce the initial model dependence of the interval inversion procedure. The genetic inversion strategy used in interval inversion seeks the global extreme of the objective function and provides an estimate of the vertical distribution of petrophysical parameters, even starting the inversion procedure from extremely high distances from the optimum. For a faster computational process, after a couple of thousand generations, the genetic algorithm is replaced by some linear optimization steps. The added advantage of using the Marquardt algorithm is the possibility to characterize the accuracy of the series expansion coefficients and derived petrophysical properties. A Hungarian oil field example demonstrates the feasibility and stability of the improved interval inversion method. As a significance, the genetic inversion method does not require prior knowledge or strong restrictions on the values of petrophysical properties and gives highly reliable estimation results practically independent of the initial model and core information.
相似文献9.
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对苏州湖相软土进行了三轴流变试验,根据试验结果拟采用S-6、K-B、K-S 3个流变模型来描述土体的流变特征,在模型参数反演中发现,S-6模型对加载初期变形的拟合精度不够,K-B模型对加载中期变形的拟合精度不够,而K-S模型能够很好地描述苏州湖相软土的流变特征。在模型的实际应用中引入应力比的概念,发现应力比与模型参数成指数关系,以此可以根据不同的工程应力条件来选择模型参数,最后,将该模型用于实际工程的沉降计算,通过与实测数据的对比显示模型的拟合精度较高,可以用于指导该地区的工程建设。 相似文献
11.
V. V. Bruevich A. S. Gusev O. V. Ezhkova F. Kh. Sakhibov M. A. Smirnov 《Astronomy Reports》2007,51(3):222-233
We present the results of U BV RI CCD photometry of giant HII regions in the spiral galaxy NGC 628, acquired with the 1.5 m telescope of the Mt. Maidanak Observatory (Uzbekistan) with an angular resolution better than 1″. We estimate the ages and interstellar extinctions of these regions and identify the acting star-formation mode by comparing the observed color indices with a detailed grid of evolutionary models covering the entire range of parameters of the initial mass function and of ages of the young star-formation complexes, and taking into account two star-formation modes. We find a radial gradient of the interstellar extinction in NGC 628, which is consistent with the radial abundance gradient found earlier by other authors from independent spectrophotometry. Our age estimates agree with abundance estimates from independent observations. 相似文献
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This paper presents a second-order work analysis in application to geotechnical problems by using a novel effective multiscale approach. To abandon complicated equations involved in conventional phenomenological models, this multiscale approach employs a micromechanically-based formulation, in which only four parameters are involved. The multiscale approach makes it possible a coupling of the finite element method (FEM) and the micromechanically-based model. The FEM is used to solve the boundary value problem (BVP) while the micromechanically-based model is utilized at the Gauss point of the FEM. Then, the multiscale approach is used to simulate a three-dimensional triaxial test and a plain-strain footing. On the basis of the simulations, material instabilities are analyzed at both mesoscale and global scale. The second-order work criterion is then used to analyze the numerical results. It opens a road to interpret and understand the micromechanisms hiding behind the occurrence of failure in geotechnical issues. 相似文献
13.
敏感环境下基坑数值分析中土体本构模型的选择 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
数值分析已成为敏感环境下基坑工程分析的最重要手段,其关键是选择合适的土体本构模型和计算参数。在分析了岩土数值分析中常用土体本构模型特点的基础上,通过算例较系统地对比了各类模型在基坑开挖数值分析中的适用性。敏感环境下的基坑工程需重点关注墙后土体的变形,从满足工程需要和方便实用的角度出发,建议采用能考虑黏土的塑性和应变硬化特征、能区分加荷和卸荷且刚度依赖于应力水平的硬化类弹塑性模型,如MCC模型和HS模型进行分析。具体工程实例的分析,表明了硬化类弹塑性模型在敏感环境下基坑开挖数值分析中的适用性。 相似文献
14.
Two advanced Kriging metamodeling techniques were used to compute the failure probability of geotechnical structures involving spatially varying soil properties. These methods are based on a Kriging metamodel combined with a global sensitivity analysis that is called in literature Global Sensitivity Analysis-enhanced Surrogate (GSAS) modeling for reliability analysis. The GSAS methodology may be used in combination with either the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or importance sampling (IS) method. The resulting Kriging metamodeling techniques are called GSAS-MCS or GSAS-IS. The objective of these techniques is to reduce the number of calls of the mechanical model as compared with the classical Kriging-based metamodeling techniques (called AK-MCS and AK-IS) combining Kriging with MCS or IS. The soil uncertain parameters were assumed as non-Gaussian random fields. EOLE methodology was used to discretize these random fields. The mechanical models were based on numerical simulations. Some probabilistic numerical results are presented and discussed. 相似文献
15.
The results of molecular composition modeling are presented for the well studied low-mass star-forming region TMC-1 and the massive star-forming region DR21(OH), which is poorly studied from a chemical point of view. The column densities of dozens of molecules, ranging from simple diatomic to complex organic molecules, are reproduced to within an order of magnitude using a one-dimensional model for the physical and chemical structure of these regions. The chemical ages of the regions are approximately 105 years in both cases. The main desorption mechanisms that are usually included in chemical models (photodesorption, thermal desorption, and cosmic-ray-induced desorption) do not provide sufficient gasphase abundances of molecules that are synthesized in surface reactions; however, this shortcoming can be removed by introducing small amount of reactive desorption into the model. It is possible to reproduce the properties of the TMC-1 chemical composition in a standard model, without requiring additional assumptions about an anomalous C/O ratio or the recent accretion of matter enriched with atomic carbon, as has been proposed by some researchers. 相似文献
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In recent years, a number of constitutive models have been proposed to describe mathematically the mechanical response of natural clays. Some of these models are characterized by complex formulations, often leading to non‐trivial problems in their numerical integration in finite elements codes. The paper describes a fully implicit stress‐point algorithm for the numerical integration of a single‐surface mixed isotropic–kinematic hardening plasticity model for structured clays. The formulation of the model stems from a compromise between its capability of reproducing the larger number of features characterizing the behaviour of structured clays and the possibility of developing a robust integration algorithm for its implementation in a finite elements code. The model is characterized by an ellipsoid‐shaped yield function, inside which a stress‐dependent reversible stiffness is accounted for by a non‐linear hyperelastic formulation. The isotropic part of the hardening law extends the standard Cam‐Clay one to include plastic strain‐driven softening due to bond degradation, while the kinematic hardening part controls the evolution of the position of the yield surface in the stress space. The proposed algorithm allows the consistent linearization of the constitutive equations guaranteeing the quadratic rate of asymptotic convergence in the global‐level Newton–Raphson iterative procedure. The accuracy and the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm are evaluated with reference to the numerical simulations of single element tests and the analysis of a typical geotechnical boundary value problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Artificial neural networks are used to predict the micro‐properties of particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D) models needed to reproduce macro‐properties of cylindrical rock samples in uniaxial compression tests. Data for the training and verification of the networks were obtained by running a large number of PFC3D models and observing the resulting macro‐properties. Four artificial networks based on two different architectures were used. The networks used different numbers of input parameters to predict the micro‐properties. Multi‐layer perceptron networks using Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, model particle resolution and the maximum‐to‐minimum particle ratio showed excellent performance in both training and verification. Adding one more variable—namely, minimum particle radius—showed degrading performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Displacement back analysis is a common method to identify mechanical geo‐material parameters using the monitored displacement. How to obtain a global optimum solution in large space search of highly non‐linear multimodal is a key point of optimum back analysis. The paper presents a new back analysis that is an integration of evolutionary support vector machines (SVMs), numerical analysis and genetic algorithm. The non‐linear relationship between the mechanical geo‐material parameters to be identified and the corresponding displacement values of key points is learned and represented by evolutionary SVMs in global optimum. Numerical analysis is used to create training and testing samples for recognition of SVMs. Then, performing a global optimum search on the obtained SVMs using genetic algorithm can identify the mechanical geo‐material parameters. The proposed algorithm is tested by back analysis of an elastic plate and an elastic–plastic plate and used to recognize mechanical parameters of subclay, strongly weathered tuff and weakly weathered tuff of Bachimen slope, Funing expressway, Fujian, China. The results indicate that applicability of the proposed algorithm with enough accuracy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Adding Local Accuracy to Direct Sequential Simulation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jef Caers 《Mathematical Geology》2000,32(7):815-850
Geostatistical simulations are globally accurate in the sense that they reproduce global statistics such as variograms and histograms. Kriging is locally accurate in the minimum local error variance sense. Building on the concept of direct sequential simulation, we propose a fast simulation method that can share these opposing objectives. It is shown that the multiple-point entropy of the resulting simulation is related to the univariate entropy of the local conditional distributions used to draw simulated values. Adding local accuracy to conditional simulations does not detract much from variogram reproduction and can be used to increase multiple-point entropy. The methods developed are illustrated using a case study. 相似文献
20.
This study focuses on the development of absolute gravity model for Pakistan based on best possible residual terrain model of gravity using residual terrain modeling technique. The datasets used for the development of model are observed gravity, global gravity models, and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM30) elevation data. The residual terrain modeling technique has been used in the remove-restore procedure for smoothing the observed gravity field. Different topographic elevation models were tested in the model selection and one best possible model with minimum mean and standard deviation was selected for residual terrain effects. Least square collocation technique has been used for quality control and error estimates. The best possible covariance model was established from residual gravity for onward prediction of gravity anomalies at the earth surface for error and prediction analysis. The residual terrain effect of gravity, value of free air anomaly from EGM96, and observed free air anomaly are added to normal gravity to compute the absolute gravity at earth surface. The prediction of these parameters is made by employing Lagrange interpolation with least square adjustment. The results are compared with ～5% randomly selected data points not utilized for the development of covariance function and/or model development. Spline interpolation technique has also been used for the prediction of gravity field-related parameters. Lagrange interpolation exhibits relatively superior results over spline-based interpolation. This is as per expectation due to the reason that additional gridding for spline interpolation filters the signal part as well. This fact is evident from the results of spline interpolation of Grid-I and Grid-II with relatively better prediction results in Grid-I. This version of the model is capable of prediction having limiting error of 30 mGal. The predicted results show that 96.16% of prediction data falls within above-mentioned limit with Lagrange interpolation technique with least square adjustment for whole Pakistan area. The adverse effect of gridding is absent in case of Grid-I due to relatively flat areas and predicted data matches totally with control values for both spline as well as Lagrange interpolations. However, in case of Grid-II which includes high mountains of Himalaya, gridding effect is present and the accuracy of the predicted results falls to ～92%. The computed results have been compared with absolute values predicted using EGM96 and EGM2008 models as well. The gravity field recovered with PAKGM model is much better, i.e., ～ 96.16%, than both with EGM96 and EGM2008 which is about 85% only. 相似文献