共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
颗粒材料大多由不规则形状的颗粒组成,如砂土、谷物等,抵抗转动是不规则形状颗粒的固有特性。已有研究表明,颗粒抗转动特性对其宏观力学特性有显著影响。因此,在颗粒材料的细观数值模拟中或采用非圆颗粒,或在圆颗粒离散元模拟中采用考虑抗转动的接触模型。采用有限元-离散元耦合方法（FDEM）和离散元方法（DEM）分别对椭球形状颗粒和具有抗转动能力的圆球颗粒进行三轴剪切数值模拟,指出了采用抗转动接触模型考虑颗粒形状影响的局限性,并基于颗粒的局部排布结构揭示了形状影响的细观来源。峰值内摩擦角和剪胀均随着转动摩擦系数和形状偏离圆球程度而单调增加,但颗粒形状对它们的影响呈现出明显的收敛趋势。细观组构分析也表明,虽然颗粒形状和转动摩擦都能显著增强组构各向异性,但是组构各向异性的演化模式有明显的区别。造成以上结果的差异在于其抵抗转动的影响机制不同。转动摩擦是通过限制颗粒转动,增强了颗粒间的稳定承载能力,而非圆颗粒是通过咬合作用形成稳定的局部排列结构。由于椭球颗粒腹部比端部能够传递更大的接触力,颗粒受剪切后发生转动,颗粒长轴倾向于正交大主应力方向,呈现交错排列,颗粒间相互锁定。 相似文献
2.
基于接触价键的颗粒材料微观临界状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用颗粒离散元法,分别对二维圆形、椭圆形颗粒体进行了双轴压缩数值模拟。微观尺度的变形是基于孔隙胞元和其中的变形来计算的,而单个孔隙胞元的变形通过周围颗粒的相对运动来计算。针对该方法提出了以接触价键（每个孔隙胞元的边数）来表征颗粒材料微观临界状态的理论。为了定义临界接触价键的极限值,分别讨论了摩擦系数较大、较小时的两种情况。文中给出了微观几何织构（包括接触价键、孔隙胞元的形状、孔隙比）随压缩变形的演变过程,比较了不同颗粒形状、颗粒间摩擦系数以及颗粒体的固结压力对颗粒体的微观力学性能的影响。计算结果表明,颗粒材料的微观临界状态并不是可以唯一表征的,而是受围压、摩擦系数,颗粒形状等参数的共同影响。 相似文献
3.
珊瑚颗粒形状不规则是其显著区别于陆源土的一大特征。为揭示珊瑚颗粒形状对钙质粗粒土压缩性能的影响,人工挑选出不同形状(块状、枝状、棒状、片状)的珊瑚颗粒,以块状颗粒为基础,与其他3种不同形状的粗颗粒任意一种混合,控制不同颗粒形状配比制成钙质粗粒土试样,完成室内压缩试验,对比分析试验前后珊瑚颗粒的圆度、长宽比、扁平度和凹凸度等形状参数,评价颗粒形状对压缩性能的影响。结果表明:(1)粒径为10~20 mm钙质粗粒土的压缩模量是4~5. 5 MPa,回弹系数为42~53;(2)随枝状、棒状或片状颗粒掺量的增加(0、10%、20%、30%),试样压缩模量呈小幅波状变化,回弹系数呈持续减小趋势;(3)各加载区间应力-应变曲线包括应力快速增长阶段、应力-应变同步增长阶段、应变增长阶段共3个阶段和1个稳定点;(4)随枝状颗粒掺量的增加,试样的长宽比和凹凸度逐渐增加,圆度和扁平度基本无变化;因颗粒破碎的影响,试验后试样的长宽比及扁平度有所增加,圆度及凹凸度则有所减小。选择钙质粗粒土地基时,应考虑其压缩性能,避免施工初期的快速加载。 相似文献
4.
颗粒离散元法(distinct element method,DEM)是被不同学科和工程领域广泛应用的方法,各学科结合各自的理论基础和研究范围,对颗粒离散元法进行改进、完善,因此各学科间的发展各有侧重,可进行相互借鉴。本文针对颗粒离散元法中有关"颗粒碎裂"这一基本问题进行介绍,如:颗粒破裂准则、颗粒碎裂与破碎动力学关系、宏观颗粒的发展、块体碰撞损伤与破裂等方面的研究情况,为岩石工程领域的岩石颗粒破碎研究提供参考。同时,对颗粒离散元法的发展概况、DEM基本原理做了简单的介绍,并对我国颗粒离散元法在地质工程、岩土工程领域的研究及应用情况作了简单的评述。 相似文献
5.
结合边界元法和离散元法,提出一种可以进行计算颗粒内部应力和破碎路径的方法。该方法利用离散元法求解颗粒的相互作用和每个颗粒上的荷载。然后利用边界元法计算颗粒的应力分布,为了实现动态平衡,将颗粒的加速度视为恒定大小的体力。但体力导致边界积分方程中出现域积分,故采用直线积分法将域积分转化为边界积分,以保证边界元法降维的优势。为了提高边界元的计算效率,对于几何形状相似的颗粒,以其中一个颗粒作为模板颗粒,只需要计算模板颗粒在局部坐标系中的系数矩阵,其他相似颗粒可以通过局部和全局坐标系之间的映射获得。在得到应力后,基于Hoek-Brown准则来判断颗粒是否破碎。此外,将破坏路径简化为直线,并采用最小二乘法拟合得到破坏路径。 相似文献
6.
颗粒形状是影响粗粒土密实度、力学与渗流等特性的主要因素之一。为了分析颗粒形状对粗粒土剪切特性的影响,采用离散元法生成4种不同形状的颗粒组,进行粗粒土直剪试验模拟与剪切宏细观响应研究,得出了颗粒形状对剪应力-剪位移、体应变-剪位移的影响,分析了粗粒土剪切应力、应变特性与剪胀特性。通过分析剪切带厚度、颗粒旋转量值、平均接触数、孔隙率及接触力系等宏细观参量的演化规律,研究颗粒形状在宏细观尺度上对粗粒土的影响。研究表明:异形颗粒间的咬合自锁作用大于纯圆颗粒,试样的抗剪强度有随形状系数的减小而增大的趋势。试样颗粒在外荷载作用下发生运动,应变主要表现在颗粒运动剧烈、剪胀幅度较大的剪切带内。颗粒形状系数F减小,试样的初始平均接触数增加,内摩擦角φ增大,剪切带内孔隙率增量越大,剪胀幅度越大。剪切过程中强力链聚集于剪切带内并起骨架作用,随着形状系数的减小,力链长度在0～5所占百分比呈增大趋势;剪切带内强力链的数目随着形状系数的减小而增加,峰值含量在30%～35%之间。 相似文献
7.
钙质砂广泛分布于我国南海海域,作为岛礁填筑材料,其渗透性很大程度上决定着填筑后土体的固结和沉降。拖曳力系数是表达液体对土体颗粒表面力的参数,也是表征颗粒状土体渗透能力的一个重要指标,目前国内外对具有极不规则形状钙质砂拖曳力系数的研究十分有限。在前期大量钙质砂颗粒沉降试验基础上,建立了能够考虑形状系数的颗粒与液体相互作用拖曳力系数理论公式;在已建立的计算流体动力学-离散元法(CFD-DEM)流固耦合理论框架下,将新发展的拖曳力系数公式嵌入到流固耦合程序中,模拟钙质砂颗粒在液体中沉降过程。通过将模拟结果与室内沉降试验对比,验证了新建立的拖曳力模型及程序实现的准确性。研究结果表明,较CFD-DEM程序中已有的未考虑颗粒形状的拖曳力系数半经验模型,新的拖曳力系数模型能够更准确地模拟不规则颗粒在液体中沉降过程;同时,在数值建模中无需采用异形颗粒即可以反映颗粒形状对拖曳力的影响,这将大大降低数值模拟的计算量,提高计算效率。研究可进一步应用于钙质砂水中堆填后固结沉降以及冲刷等实际工程问题分析中。 相似文献
8.
卵砾石地层被掘削时,其主要破坏模式并非一般的宏观整体剪切破坏,而是刀具切入卵砾石间的缝隙,将卵砾石颗粒剥离出原始地层,该过程较为契合颗粒离散元的物理力学假设。为确定掘削工况下的颗粒材料最优细观参数,对不同的颗粒接触法向刚度、接触刚度比、粒间摩擦系数、颗粒形状、颗粒尺寸等的颗粒材料开展了截割三维仿真试验,并分析研究了不同细观参数对掘削效果的影响。计算结果显示:颗粒接触法向刚度、接触刚度比的多种细观参数组合可以对应同一个宏观弹性模量值,接触刚度比大的细观参数组合的抗掘削能力更大。颗粒形状、粒间摩擦系数的多种细观参数组合可以对应同一个内摩擦角值,形状复杂的颗粒材料具有更大的抗掘削能力。在宏观参数相同的情况下,平均粒径更大的颗粒材料抗掘削能力更大。因此,利用颗粒离散元模拟掘削卵砾石地层问题时,除需保证虚拟颗粒材料的宏观整体剪切破坏响应与真实材料基本一致外,还需根据材料的抗掘削能力进一步标定细观参数,以获得更贴近实际情况的模拟效果。文章提出的方法可以为其他颗粒离散元掘削工况数值模拟中的参数标定提供参照依据。 相似文献
9.
多块体形状堆石体碾压颗粒破碎数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过6种典型堆石块体的形状近似,分别采用两种接触本构模型建立了多块体形状堆石体离散元数值模型,研究堆石体在碾压荷载作用下的颗粒破碎过程,建立颗粒破碎的量化计算方法,分析碾压前、后堆石级配曲线的变化,讨论接触本构模型和颗粒形状对块体破碎的影响。模拟结果显示,碾压荷载下堆石颗粒以张拉破碎为主,随着碾压遍数的增加,局部开始出现剪切破碎;提出的颗粒破碎量化计算方法,在大粒径范围对粒径变化幅度预测偏大,但级配曲线整体趋势与实测结果比较吻合;相比较于接触连接模型,平行连接模型与现场碾压试验结果更接近。6种块体形状的数值结果显示,随着形状系数的增加,在其他条件不变的情况下颗粒破碎率逐渐降低,其中类长方形块体在碾压荷载作用下颗粒破碎最明显。相比较于纯圆颗粒或者单一非圆颗粒,采用的6种颗粒形状建立的堆石体振动碾压离散元模型,更接近现场实际情况。 相似文献
10.
《岩土力学》2017,(5):1481-1488
运用三维激光扫描仪获取碎石道砟颗粒的几何形态,构建了不规则形状的簇颗粒模型,在此基础上建立了有砟道床三维离散元模型,用于道床细宏观力学行为的离散元模拟分析。同时,为了验证离散元模拟结果的可靠性,开展了高速铁路有砟轨道1:1实尺模型试验,获得了静态加、卸载和循环简谐荷载作用下道床的变形以及不同深度处道砟的振动响应。对比分析表明,离散元模拟和试验获得的道砟振动加速度幅值接近,随深度的衰减规律一致;等效静态加、卸载条件下道砟的垂向变形以及循环荷载作用下道砟的累积变形均能够与试验结果吻合,说明建立的三维道床离散元模型是合理的,能够较为准确地模拟有砟道床的振动响应和累积变形行为,可用于高速铁路有砟道床的细、宏观劣化机制研究。 相似文献
11.
自然条件下,颗粒介质大多以非规则单元形态存在。非规则几何形态对颗粒介质的宏观力学性能有很大影响。针对颗粒单元的不同几何形态,采用团颗粒单元对离散介质的直剪试验过程进行了离散元数值计算,详细地讨论了颗粒形态对离散介质剪切强度的影响。该非规则颗粒由不同形态、不同数目、镶嵌尺寸、组合方位和颗粒大小的球形颗粒进行随机构造,其在局部与整体坐标之间的转动、力矩和方位关系通过4元素方法进行确定,基本球体颗粒之间的作用力采用具有Mohr-Coulomb摩擦定侓的Hertz-Mindlin非线性接触模型,并考虑了非线性法向粘滞力的影响。通过构造7种具有相同的质量概率分布的不同形态的团颗粒,在不同法向应力下,对团颗粒的直剪试验进行了离散元模拟,分析了不同形态颗粒的剪切强度。通过对不同形态颗粒介质剪切强度的数值分析,进一步揭示了非规则颗粒间的咬合互锁效应,为分析非规则颗粒的宏观动力特性提供了依据。 相似文献
12.
Irregularly shaped (IRS) particles widely exist in many engineering and industrial fields. The macro physical and mechanical properties of the particle system are governed by the interaction between the particles in the system. The interaction between IRS particles is more complicated because of their complex geometric shape with extremely irregular and co‐existed concave and convex surfaces. These particles may interlock each other, making the sliding and friction of IRS particles more complex than that of particles with regular shape. In order to study the interaction of IRS particles more efficiently, a refined method of constructing discrete element model based on computed tomography scanning of IRS particles is proposed. Three parameters were introduced to control the accuracy and the number of packing spheres. Subsequently, the inertia tensor of the IRS particle model was optimized. Finally, laboratory and numerical open bottom cylinder tests were carried out to verify the refined modeling method. The influence of particle shape, particle position, and mesoscopic friction coefficient on the interaction of particles was also simulated. It is noteworthy that with the increase of mesoscopic friction coefficient, the fluidity of IRS particle assembly decreases, and intermittent limit equilibrium state may appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
形状不规则的钙质土在剪切应力作用下土颗粒之间存在咬合作用,从而使抗剪强度显著提高。为研究钙质土颗粒的咬合作用机制,针对不同粒径的钙质土开展三轴固结不排水和固结排水试验,并对颗粒形状进行了分析,揭示了钙质土咬合力的形成机制和表现形式。研究表明：①不规则的颗粒形状是钙质土产生咬合力的前提条件;②在不同粒径的钙质土中,因不同形状颗粒的含量存在差异导致咬合力大小也不同;③咬合力大小受应力水平影响较为明显,在低围压下咬合作用导致剪胀而提高内摩擦角;在高围压下咬合作用克服颗粒强度做功,造成颗粒破碎,提高黏聚力值而降低有效内摩擦角。钙质土颗粒之间的咬合对强度有明显增强作用,在工程设计中应充分考虑咬合力的影响。 相似文献
14.
This report presents a numerical investigation of the shear behavior of binary mixtures via a two-dimensional discrete element method. The effect of the coarse particle content on the peak shear strength of mixtures is investigated for different contact-type friction coefficients. A detailed analysis on the anisotropies enables us to understand the microscopic mechanisms that result in the dependency of the peak shear strengths on the coarse particle content. The contributions of different contact types to the peak shear strength are quantified. Lastly, the inter-particles structures are examined when the binary mixtures become coarse-particle-supported structures. 相似文献
15.
Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was employed in this study to analyze the behavior of single geogrid-encased stone columns under unconfined compression. Four important parameters were investigated to understand and evaluate their effects on the behavior of the encased columns by seven DEM models. The biaxial geogrid used as an encasement material for stone columns was simulated using parallel-bonded particles, and the aggregate in the stone column was simulated using graded particles. Both the macroscopic responses (e.g., vertical pressure–strain curves) and the microscopic interactions (e.g., contact force, coordination number, and sliding fraction) of the columns under unconfined compression were analyzed and are presented in this paper. The numerical results show that the geogrid encasement with high tensile stiffness could provide high confining stresses and then effectively increased the bearing capacity of the column. The short column yielded quickly even though its column modulus at a small deformation was relatively high. The modulus of the column slightly decreased with an increase in the column diameter due to high circumferential strains mobilized in the geogrid encasement. The column with large aggregate was stiffer and deformed less than the column with small aggregate. Selecting aggregate with a size larger than the geogrid aperture size was an effective way to achieve better interlocking between the aggregate and the geogrid and to minimize mass loss for the geogrid-encased stone column under loading. Due to limited deformation allowed by the geogrid encasement, a coefficient of radial stress equal to half of the coefficient of passive earth pressure was suggested to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of the geosynthetic-encased stone column. 相似文献
16.
A discrete element method is applied to a three‐dimensional analysis related to sediment entrainment on a micro‐scale. Sediment entrainment is the process by which a fluid medium accelerates particles from rest and advects them upward until they are either transported as bedload or suspended by the flow. Modelling of the entrainment process is a critically important aspect for studies of erosion, pollutant resuspension and transport, and formation of bedforms in environmental flows. Previous discrete element method studies of sediment entrainment have assumed the flow within the particle bed to be negligible and have only allowed for the motion of the topmost particles. At the same time, micro‐scale experimental studies indicate that there is a small slip of the fluid flow at the top of the bed, indicating the presence of non‐vanishing fluid velocity within the topmost bed layers. The current study demonstrates that the onset of particle incipient motion, which immediately precedes particle entrainment, is highly sensitive to this small fluid flow within the topmost bed layers. Using an exponential decay profile for the inner‐bed fluid flow, the discrete element method calculations are repeated with different fluid penetration depths within the bed for several small particle Reynolds numbers. For cases with slip velocity corresponding to that observed in previous experiments with natural sediment, the predicted particle velocity is found to be a few percent of the fluid velocity at the top of the viscous wall layer, which is a reasonable range of velocities for observation of incipient particle motion. This method for prescribing the fluid flow within the particle bed allows for the current discrete element method to be extended in future studies to the analysis of sediment entrainment under the influence of events such as turbulent bursting. Additionally, predictions for the slip velocities and fluid flow profile within the bed suggest the need for further experimental studies to provide the data necessary for additional improvement of the discrete element method models. 相似文献
17.
Critical length of force chains and shear band thickness in dense granular materials 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Peijun Guo 《Acta Geotechnica》2012,7(1):41-55
This paper investigates the existence of the critical force chain length and the buckling of unconfined grain columns in dense
granular materials. Tests on assemblies of flat pentagon photoelastic particles were first carried out to demonstrate the
maximum length of force chains. Then, the theoretical buckling analysis and distinct element method (DEM) simulations for
grain columns composed of mono-sized elliptical particles were performed. The results revealed the existence of critical column
length, which is generally affected by the particle shapes, the rotational resistance at particle contact points and the end
constraints to the grain columns. The interparticle friction does not have explicit effect on the critical force chain length,
but it has significant influence on the grain column’s curvature when collapse takes place. The thickness of shear band in
granular soils can be determined as the critical length of grain columns by appropriately imposing the constraints on the
boundaries, as confirmed by DEM simulations and experimental results. 相似文献
18.
A series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to explore the characteristics of mixtures composed of sand and rubber particles of the same median diameter. The mixtures are prepared with different volumetric sand fractions (sf = Vsand/Vtotal). The experiment focuses on assessing the strain level on the characteristics of the mixture with the volume fraction of each component. Numerical simulations using the discrete element method are performed to obtain insight into the microscale behavior and internal mechanism of the mixtures. The experimental results show that the behavior of the mixtures is dependent on the relative sand and rubber particles composition with variation in the strain levels. The numerical simulation reveals the effect of the soft rubber particle inclusion in the mixture on the micromechanical parameters. In low sand fraction mixtures, a high shear stress along the contact is mobilized, and the stress state is driven to a more anisotropic condition because of the relatively high particle friction angle of the rubber. The rubber particles play different roles with the strain level in the mixture, including increasing the coordination number and controlling plasticity of the mixture in a small strain, preventing buckling of the force chain in an intermediate strain, and leading to contractive behavior in a large strain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
崩积体剪切性能试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
崩积体是一种由土体和块石堆积形成的天然地质体,其内部结构特征在很大程度上控制着崩积体的物理力学特性。通过对崩积体进行现场实地踏勘,收集典型工点的崩积体试样,考虑原样级配,开展了对崩积体重塑样的室内大尺度直剪试验,获得了不同含石量、块石形状、土体性质以及应力状态下崩积体的剪应力-应变曲线与抗剪强度曲线,分析并探讨了其变形与强度特性变化规律及内在机制,首次提出了崩积体抗剪强度随含石量增长模式曲线。研究结果表明：崩积体剪应力-应变曲线较常规的单一介质有显著区别。在低法向应力下,崩积体表现为剪胀,而在高法向应力下,则表现为先剪缩后剪胀。崩积混合体的抗剪强度随含石量的增加经历了缓慢增长－快速增长－缓慢增长的过程,其内摩擦角增量与含石量（含黏性土崩积体为0～80%,含砂土崩积体为40%～80%）近似成线性增长的关系。相同含石量情况下,含不规则形状块石的崩积体内摩擦角显著高于含规则形状块石的混合体。 相似文献