共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
基于DEM数据的古沉积面的重建方法
——以青藏高原东北缘青海贵德盆地为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广泛使用的数字高程模型（DEM）数据使得古沉积面的恢复成为可能。以青藏高原东北缘的青海贵德盆地为例,分析对比了前人获取代表古沉积面地表露头样本数据的几种方法．提出了插值样本应选择露头中代表原始沉积地层的顶面点的优选方法,并提取了更新统地表露头顶面点的样本数据。通过分析样本的特征、比较插值的结果,选择了自然邻点法进行插值预测,重建了贵德盆地更新统的古沉积面。正确样本,最的提取加上合适插值算法的选择．优化了重建的古沉积面。 相似文献
2.
针对床面粗糙形态具有自相似性的特点,应用二元分形插值迭代函数系统,对床面粗糙形态进行了分形插值模拟,模拟中分形插值邻域Ak根据Kriging空间插值方法的变异函数球状模型确定,垂直比例因子sm,n通过基于插值点数据的多元统计分析确定.结果表明:分形插值重构的床面粗糙形态与原床面形态的相似程度将随着插值点信息量ic的增加... 相似文献
3.
层状地质体的三维模拟与可视化 总被引：51，自引：1，他引：50
文中探讨了层状地质体的三维模拟与可视化方法和技术。地质数据通常是有限的、空间上分布不均匀的点数据 ,需要大量使用插值技术来形成合理的模型。简单层状实体可在二维插值的基础上 ,按照这些面的空间位置叠加 ,形成三维体模型。复杂的层状体包括沉积相以及一些物性参数的空间变化 ,断层等形成的不连续以及复杂的褶皱等。这些实体的模拟与可视化 ,需要进行三维插值 ,并根据不同现象的特点选择合适的方法。合理的专家知识或地质解释的交互加入 ,是形成合理的三维模型的关键。 相似文献
4.
地层特性随机场插值方法应用研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
地质勘探中钻孔的数量常是有限的,钻孔以外未知的地质特性需要进行插值或推断。实践中一般假定两钻孔之间的地质特性为线性分布,用直线连接。线性连接方法简单,但精度难以保证。因此,有必要进一步研究简便且精度高的插值方法。对常用的空间插值数学方法作一简要评价,认为Kriging法更适用于地质特性随机场的插值。并尝试将Kriging法应用于南水北调穿黄工程砂土地基标准贯入击数及液化范围的空间插值,采用合适的变差函数以反映砂层的空间相关特性,由插值结果得到地基砂层标贯击数及液化范围的沿线分布,从而可以更好地了解地层特征的变化情况。 相似文献
5.
广泛使用的数字高程模型（DEM）数据使得古沉积面的恢复成为可能。以青藏高原东北缘的青海贵德盆地为例,分析对比了前人获取代表古沉积面地表露头样本数据的几种方法．提出了插值样本应选择露头中代表原始沉积地层的顶面点的优选方法,并提取了更新统地表露头顶面点的样本数据。通过分析样本的特征、比较插值的结果,选择了自然邻点法进行插值预测,重建了贵德盆地更新统的古沉积面。正确样本,最的提取加上合适插值算法的选择．优化了重建的古沉积面。 相似文献
6.
在利用实际地震数据中的面波反演近地表横波速度的过程中,若道间距较大、空间采样率不足,则会产生空间假频现象,从而降低频率速度谱的信噪比,影响频散曲线提取的精度以及反演效果,因此需要针对面波进行插值处理。文中提出了一种基于最佳小波基的地震面波插值方法,通过理论分析和实验误差对比在地震数据处理常用的众多小波基中选出适用于插值处理的最佳小波基bior6.8,提高了插值精度。针对面波同向轴为线性且斜率较大的特点,文中首先采用线性动校正的方法对面波进行拉平处理,再进行小波变换插值,最后进行反线性动校正恢复面波。通过对理论模型与实际资料进行插值处理验证了本文方法的有效性,插值后的面波记录波形恢复较好,显著提高了频率速度谱的信噪比,有效解决了面波数据空间采样率不足引起的假频问题。 相似文献
7.
Kriging插值方法在地层模型生成中的应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为了建立三维数字地层,采用了一种适合城市工程地质和岩土工程特点的地层数据模型-基于钻孔信息的3棱柱模型。由于钻孔之间的距离稀疏程度、方向、数据值存在差异,钻孔以外未知的地质特性需要插值和推断,传统的数理统计方法无法很好地解决空间样本点的选取、空间估值和2组以上空间数据的关系等问题。借鉴地质统计学的Kriging方法给出一种距离加权插值算法,即先根据空间数据得到统计特征,再根据统计特征进行插值。通过对地层模型插值结果的观察,得出该算法可以获得良好的插值效果。 相似文献
8.
均匀介质中的F-K反偏移是实现一般介质下F-K反偏移的基础,而均匀介质中的F-K反偏移的实质是一个插值映射过程。根据插值对象为复函数的特点,采用了实部虚部分别插值、去振荡因子法、模和相位分别插值、直接频率域插值4种插值方法对点脉冲模型进行了试算。结果表明:截断的直接频率域插值在适应性和精度综合衡量下为最佳;去振荡因子法精度虽高,但可应用的模型太具理想,不适合一般模型中的应用;实部虚部分别插值与模和相位分别插值两者精度较低。 相似文献
9.
A Spatial Analysis Neural Network (SANN) algorithm was applied for the analysis of geospatial data, on the basis of nonparametric statistical analysis and the concepts of traditional Artificial Neural Networks. SANN consists of a number of layers in which the neurons or nodes between layers are interconnected successively in a feed-forward direction. The Gaussian Kernel Function layer has several nodes, and each node has a transfer or an activation function that only responds (or activates) when the input pattern falls within its receptive field, which is defined by its smoothing parameter or width. The activation widths are functions of the model structural parameters, including the number of the nearest neighbor points P and a control factor F. The estimation method is based on two operational modes, namely, a training-validation mode in which the model structure is constructed and validated, and an interpolation mode. In this paper we discuss the effect of varying F and P upon the accuracy of the estimation in a two-dimensional domain for different input field sizes, using spatial data of wheat crop yield from Eastern Colorado. Crop yield is estimated as a function of the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates (easting and northing). The results of the research led to the conclusion that optimal values of F and P depend on the sample size, i.e., for small data sets F=1.5 and P=7 while for large data sets F=2.5 and P=9. In addition, the accuracy of the interpolated field varies with the sample size. As expected for small sample sizes, the interpolated field and its variability may be significantly underestimated. 相似文献
10.
降水空间化信息在很多领域都具有重要意义,而进行空间插值方法形成降水空间化信息是当代较为常用的方式。面对众多的插值方法其插值精度成为我们是否采用的关键,就kirging插值法与IDW(Inverse Distance Weighting)插值进行研究以探讨其插值效果,为此类科学研究提供依据。研究以漓江流域内各气象站点降水统计资料为基础分别采用上述两种方法进行插值处理,通过与预留实测站点比较评判方法的插值效果的优劣。结果表明,多年月平均降水量作为时间步长时,降水丰沛的月份使用kriging插值法较优于IDW插值法,而枯水月份则使用IDW插值法较优于kriging插值法。 相似文献
11.
Triangle based interpolation is introduced by an outline of two classical planar interpolation methods, viz. linear triangular facets and proximal polygons. These are shown to have opposite local bias. By applying cross products of triangles to obtain local gradients, a method designated slant-top proximal polygon interpolation is introduced that is intermediate between linear facets and polygonal interpolation in its local bias. This surface is not continuous, but, by extending and weighting the gradient planes, a C1
surface can be obtained. The gradients also allow a roughness index to be calculated for each data point in the set. This index is used to control the shape of a blending function that provides a weighted combination of the gradient planes and linear interpolation. This results in a curvilinear, C1,interpolation of the data set that is bounded by the linear interpolation and the weighted gradient planes and is tangent to the slant-top interpolation at the data points. These procedures may be applied to data with two, three, or four independent variables. 相似文献
12.
Constraining Surface Interpolations Using Elastic Plate Bending Solutions with Applications to Geologic Folding 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Geologic surface interpolations can be augmented by adding physical constraints to available data. Here a method is outlined
that allows one to constrain surface interpolations for two geologic surfaces based on the apparent thickness of the bounded
layer. The resulting interpolation scheme is posed as a quadratic programming in which the interpolation of each surface is
solved approximately and subject to linear constraints on the apparent thickness. Results can be further improved by adding
cubic polynomials to the interpolating functions to regularize the problem. In one-dimensional interpolations of geologic
folds, the method improves the results over unconstrained interpolations by eliminating interpenetrations (negative apparent
thicknesses) and regions of small apparent thicknesses. In a two-dimensional application for the monocline at Raplee Ridge,
UT, the capability of this method is illustrated by overcoming interpenetration of two surfaces, the tops of the Mendenhall
oil sand and the Unnamed limestone. The minimum curvature spline interpolation is applied to topographic data taken from an
airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) survey and interpolated by detailed geologic mapping. This method can be extended to allow
for multiple layers. 相似文献
13.
The question whether paleoclimatic systems are governed by a small number of significant variables (low-dimensional systems) is of importance for modeling such systems. As indicators for global Plio-/Pleistocene climate variability, four marine, sedimentary oxygen isotope time series are analyzed with regard to their dimensionality using a modified Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm. An artificial, low-dimensional chaotic time series (Hénon map) is included for the validation of the method. In order to extract equidistant data the raw data are interpolated with the Akima-subspline method since this method minimizes the change in variance due to the interpolation. The nonlinear least-squares Gauss-Marquardt regression method is used instead of the linear least-squares fit to the logarithmically transformed points, in order to acquire an unbiased estimate of the correlation dimension. The dependences of the estimated correlation dimension on the embedding dimension do not indicate a small number (i.e., less than 5) of influencing variables on the investigated paleoclimatic system, whereas the low dimension for the Hénon map is verified (dimension 1.22–1.28). Because of the limited amount of data in the oxygen isotope records, dimensions greater than about 5 cannot be examined. 相似文献
14.
Interpolating geo-data with curvilinear structures using geostatistics is often disappointing. Channels, for example, become
disconnected sets of lakes when interpolated from point data. In order to improve the interpolation of geological structures
(e.g., curvilinear structures), we present a new form of kriging, local anisotropy kriging (LAK). Local anisotropy kriging
combines a gradient algorithm from image analysis with kriging in an iterative way. After an initial standard kriging interpolation,
the gradient algorithm determines the local anisotropy for each cell in the grid using a search area around the cell. Subsequently,
kriging is carried out with the spatially varying anisotropy. The anisotropy calculation and subsequent kriging steps will
then succeed until the result is satisfactory in the way of reproducing the curvilinear structures. Depending on the size
of the search area more or less detail in the geological structures can be reproduced with LAK. Using test examples we show
that LAK interpolates data with curvilinear structures more realistically than standard kriging. In a real world case, using
bathymetric data of the Oosterschelde estuary, LAK also proves to be quantitatively superior to standard kriging. Absolute
interpolation errors are decreased by 23%. Local anisotropy kriging only uses information from point data, which makes the
method very objective, it only presents “what the data can tell.” 相似文献
15.
SWAT模型水文过程模拟的数据不确定性分析——以青海湖布哈河流域为例 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
降水、 气温的空间分布是影响流域水量平衡模拟的关键因素, 运用距离权重反比法(IDW)、 梯度距离权重反比法(GIDW)、 样条函数法(Spline)和克里金插值法(Kriging)对青海湖流域及周边地区43个气象站1995-2009年逐日气温和降水进行了空间插值, 并以气象要素空间插值数据驱动模型, 进行布哈河流域径流模拟. 选用布哈河口月平均流量, 以Nash-Suttclife系数(Ens)、 相关系数(R)和相对误差(RE)为评价指标, 进行校准期(2000-2004年)和验证期(2005-2009年)的径流模拟效果比较. 结果表明: 径流模拟精度较高, GIDW和IDW更适合于布哈河流域的气象要素空间化, 并且气象要素空间插值数据误差是引起模型模拟不确定性和参数据不确定性的原因之一. 相似文献
16.
利用不同插值方法对青藏高原降水稳定同位素空间分布分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用稳定同位素大气环流模型模拟结果, 借鉴数据同化的思想, 运用Cressman插值法和最优插值法两种空间插值方法对青藏高原多年平均降水δ18O模拟结果进行客观订正, 并运用交叉验证方法检验空间插值的效果. 结果表明: 最优插值法订正的结果稍优于Cressman插值法; 对比订正结果与运用经验回归模型BW模拟结果表明, 最优插值所建立的降水稳定同位素的空间分布结果要优于BW模型模拟结果, 而Cressman插值方法订正的降水稳定同位素的空间分布结果与BW模型模拟的结果相当. 两种空间插值所得结果经过高程订正后, 对青藏高原南部的预测结果得到了明显改善. 相似文献
17.
成像测井由于分辨率高、信息量大而得到广泛应用。但其采样密度相当高,在深度校正数据预处理中,当与常规测井数据进行分辨率匹配时带来了困难,通常的插值方法都不能很好地解决这一问题。采用快速且精度较高的阿克玛(Akima)光滑等距插值方法,对常规测井自然伽马(GR)曲线进行插值处理,在此基础上采用相关分析方法,确定成像测井带测GR曲线的深度偏移量。结果表明,该方法能够快速地进行测井数据分辨率匹配及有效地校正成像测井曲线的深度误差,为进一步提高成像测井图像解释的精度奠定了基础。 相似文献
18.
由于观测数据的不足,对不规则散点数据的二维插值在地球物理中应用非常广泛。这里研究并实现了自然邻点二维插值算法,并以一个大地电磁测深反演数据为例,验证了该方法的可行性与效果。实际资料试算与成图结果表明,该方法具有精度高、插值效果好、速度快以及便于模拟地形数据等优点。 相似文献
19.
岩石断裂表面的分形模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据岩石断裂表面粗糙度所具有的统计自仿射分形的特征,提出了改进的自仿射分形插值的概念。运用改进的自仿射分形插值方法,根据实测岩石断裂表面粗糙度数据,对岩石断裂表面粗糙形态进行了分形模拟,给出了二元分形插值数学模型。将以不同数量的观测数据模拟出的插值曲面与实际测量的岩石断裂表面相比较,得出了不同数量信息点的模拟精度,它们之间的关系曲线显示为幂函数关系的规律。这就意味着不仅可以得到模拟结果,还可以得到模拟结果的估计精度。运用少量已知数据值,模拟出未知曲面,给出了由局部模拟整体的方法这对于根据少量数据研究、模拟和直观显示复杂物体的几何形态,如地形地貌、断层表面和材料裂隙表面,具有重要的应用意义。 相似文献
20.
Evaluation of Interpolation Accuracy of Neural Kriging with Application to Temperature-Distribution Analysis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
An interpolation method based on a multilayer neural network (MNN), has been examined and tested for the data of irregular sample locations. The main advantage of MNN is in that it can deal with geoscience data with nonlinear behavior and extract characteristics from complex and noisy images. The training of MNN is used to modify connection weights between nodes located in different layers by a simulated annealing algorithm (one of the optimization algorithms of the network). In this process, three types of errors are considered: differences in values, semivariograms, and gradients between sample data and outputs from the trained network. The training is continued until the summation of these errors converges to an acceptably small value. Because the MNN trained by this learning criterion can estimate a value at an arbitrary location, this method is a form of kriging and termed Neural Kriging (NK). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of NK, a problem on restoration ability of a defined reference surface from randomly chosen discrete data was prepared. Two types of surfaces, whose semivariograms are expressed by isotropic spherical and geometric anisotropic gaussian models, were examined in this problem. Though the interpolation accuracy depended on the arrangement pattern of the sample locations for the same number of data, the interpolation errors of NK were shown to be smaller than both those of ordinary MNN and ordinal kriging. NK can also produce a contour map in consideration of gradient constraints. Furthermore, NK was applied to distribution analysis of subsurface temperatures using geothermal investigation loggings of the Hohi area in southwest Japan. In spite of the restricted quantity of sample data, the interpolation results revealed high temperature zones and convection patterns of hydrothermal fluids. NK is regarded as an interpolation method with high accuracy that can be used for regionalized variables with any structure of spatial correlation. 相似文献