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1.
Agricultural Climate Change and Wetland Agriculture Study under the Climate Change in the Sanjiang Plain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With linear curvefitting, Mann-kendall method and Yamamoto method, ≥10 ℃accumulated temperature and precipitation from May to September of 6 meteorological stations (Baoqing, fujin, Jiamusi, Hegang, Jixi and Hulin) from 1978 to 2007 were used to explore 30-year agricultural climate change and trend in the Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature of the 6 stations have risen by 141.0 ℃ to 287.4 ℃ when estimated by their significant linear trends (n=30, α=0.05) over the last 30 years (1978 to 2007). The rates of warming for the last 30 years range from 4.70 ℃per year to 9.58 ℃ per year. There are not significant linear trends on precipitation from May to September of the 6 stations over the last 30 years. The period of 1978 to 1998 in which ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature is lower is consistent with that in which there is more precipitation from May to September, and warming and drying period has occurred in the Sanjiang Plain since 1999. Under the background of warming and drying agricultural climate, high yield cultivation of Phragmites australis and establishment of Phragmites australis-fish (crab) symbiosis ecosystem in natural mire are the ways for reasonable use of natural wetland. The area of paddy fields has been increasing from 7.25×104 ha in 1978 to 121.2×104 ha in 2006. It is proposed that paddy field range should not be expanded blindly toward the north in the Sanjiang Plain, and chilling injury forecast and prevention should be pay attention to. In the area that the chilling injury happens frequently, the rotation between rice and other crops should be implemented. Measures, which combine drainage, store and irrigation, should be taken instead of single drainage on comprehensive control of regional low and wet croplands to ensure controlling drought and flood. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes studies on the integrated risk assessment and zoning of meteorological disaster in Heilongjiang Province,in northeastern China,by using information-diffusion theory and cluster method with 35 years of summer temperature and precipitation data from 74 meteorological stations from 1971 through 2005.The information-diffusion theory has been used extensively in risk assessment,yet almost no one has done research about risk assessment by information-diffusion theory based on meteorological disaster standards.Some research results are as follows:the risk probability of low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is higher than that in the southern region;the risk probability of general low temperature and cold damage in the southwestern region is the highest;the risk probability of serious low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is the highest,followed by the central and southeast region;the high-risk region of arid disaster in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located in the southwestern,central,and southern parts of the province;the high-intensity arid disaster was located in the south-eastern region;the high-risk region of flood in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located from the southwest and then across the central part to the western part of Heilongjiang Province;the high-intensity flood disasters were located in almost every part of Heilongjiang Province.We can conclude from the integrated meteorological disaster risk zoning that the high-risk region of mete-orological disaster is primarily located in the southern and northern part of the province,the moderate-risk region is distributed in the central southern region and western region,the low-risk region is located in the eastern part,and the light-risk region is located in the central western part of Heilongjiang Province. 相似文献
3.
Zhenhuan Liu Zhengguo Li Pengqin Tang Zhipeng Li Wenbin Wu Peng Yang Liangzhi You Huajun Tang 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(6):1005-1018
Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease. 相似文献
4.
HUANG Chang ZHANG Shiqiang DONG Linyao WANG Zucheng LI Linyi CUI Luming 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(4):479-496
Rainstorms are one of the extreme rainfall events that cause serious disasters, such as urban flooding and mountain torrents. Traditional studies have used rain gauge observations to analyze rainstorm events, but relevant information is usually missing in gauge-sparse areas. Satellite-derived precipitation datasets serve as excellent supplements or substitutes for the gauge observations. By developing a grid-based rainstorm-identification tool, we used the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission(TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA) time series product to reveal the spatial and temporal variabilities of rainstorms over China during 1998–2017. Significant patterns of both increasing and decreasing rainstorm occurrences were detected, with no spatially uniform trend being observed across the whole country. There was an increase in the area being affected by rainstorms during the 20-year period, with rainstorm centers shifting along the southwest–northeast direction. Rainstorm occurrence was found to be correlated with local total precipitation. By comparing rainstorm occurrence with climate variables such as the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, we also found that climate change was likely to be the primary reason for rainstorm occurrence in China. This study complements previous studies that used gauge observations by providing a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of China's rainstorms. 相似文献
5.
黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及未来趋势(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
This study examines the hydrological and meteorological data of the source region of the Yellow River from 1956 to 2010 and future climate scenarios from regional climate model (PRECIS) during 2010-2020. Through analyzing the flow variations and revealing the climate causes, it predicts the variation trend for future flows. It is found that the annual mean flow showed a decreasing trend in recent 50 years in the source region of the Yellow River with quasi-periods of 5a, 8a, 15a, 22a and 42a; the weakened South China Sea summer monsoon induced precipitation decrease, as well as evaporation increase and frozen soil degeneration in the scenario of global warming are the climate factors, which have caused flow decrease. Based on the regional climate model PRECIS prediction, the flows in the source region of the Yellow River are likely to decrease generally in the next 20 years. 相似文献
6.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(2)
Climate change is one of the most important factors that affect vegetation distribution in North China. Among all climatic factors, drought is considered to have the most significant effect on the environment. Based on previous studies, the climate drought index can be used to assess the evolutionary trend of the ecological environment under various arid climatic conditions. It is necessary for us to further explore the relationship between vegetation coverage(index) and climate drought conditions. Therefore, in this study, based on MODIS-NDVI products and meteorological observation data, the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) and vegetation coverage in North China were first calculated. Then, the interannual variations of PDSI and vegetation coverage during 2001–2013 were analyzed using a Theil-Sen slope estimator. Finally, an ecoregion perspective of the correlation between them was discussed. The experimental results demonstrated that the PDSI index and vegetation coverage value varied over different ecoregions. During the period 2001–2013, vegetation coverage increased in the southern and northern mountains of North China, while it showed a decreasing trend in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan City Circle area and suburban agricultural zone located in Hebei Province and Henan Province). Over 13 years, the climate of the northeastern part of North China became more humid, while in the southern part of North China, it tended to be dry. According to the correlation analysis results, 73.37% of North China showed a positive correlation between the vegetation coverage and climate drought index. A negative correlation was observed mainly in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, and Henan Province. In most parts of North China, drought conditions in summer and autumn had a strong influence on vegetation coverage. 相似文献
7.
中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change. 相似文献
8.
The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes. 相似文献
9.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(3)
Based on the statistical method and the historical evolution of meteorological stations,the temperature time series for each station in Hunan Province during 1910–2014 are tested for their homogeneity and then corrected.The missing data caused by war and other reasons at the 8 meteorological stations which had records before 1950 is filled by interpolation using adjacent observations,and complete temperature time series since the establishment of stations are constructed.After that,according to the representative analysis of each station in different time periods,the temperature series of Hunan Province during 1910–2014 are built and their changes are analyzed.The results indicate that the annual mean temperature has a significant warming trend during 1910–2014 and the seasonal mean temperature has the largest rising amplitude in winter and spring,followed by autumn,but no significant change in summer.Temperature variation over Hunan Province has several significant warm-cold alternations and more frequent than that in whole China.Annual and seasonal mean temperatures except summer and autumn have abrupt warming changes in the recent 100 years.The wavelet analysis suggests that the annual and four seasonal mean temperatures in recent 100 years have experienced two climatic shifts from cold to warm. 相似文献
10.
海河流域及周边地区太阳辐射变化成因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Solar radiation is an important driving force for the formation and evolution of climate system. Analysis of change in solar radiation is helpful in understanding mechanism of climate change. In this study, the temporal and spatial variations of solar radiation and the cause of the change in solar radiation have been analyzed based on meteorological data from 46 national meteorological stations and aerosol index data from TOMS over the Haihe River Basin and surrounding areas. The results have shown that solar radiation and direct radiation significantly decreased, while scattered radiation increased during the period 1957–2008. Spatially, the decreasing trend of solar radiation was more and more significant from low population density areas to high population density areas. The spatial distribution of increase in aerosol index is consistent with that of decrease in solar radiation. The increase in aerosols resulting from human activities was an important reason for the decrease in solar radiation. 相似文献
11.
黑龙江省冷害对水稻产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
以黑龙江省为例, 比较了在大尺度范围内、利用传统的站点平均法以及基于格点水稻密度分布的泰森多边形面积权重法所得的两种省级水稻气象数据差异, 并分析了1960-2009 年内, 不同时间尺度上温度和降水的变化趋势特点。针对当地水稻低温冷害频发及其危害严重的实际情况, 对比研究了气象行业标准(QX/T 101-2009) 和国家标准中有关低温冷害的指标定义, 以及国际上较通用的有效负积温算法(GDDn-) 这三种指标在反映黑龙江省水稻冷害事件上的能力, 结果表明:气象行业标准可以较好地反映延期型冷害对水稻的影响, 而GDD指标在反映障碍型冷害上均优于气象行业及国家标准。利用时间序列模型对包含延迟型和障碍型两种冷害影响的黑龙江省水稻产量进行拟合, 回归方程的解释能力可达92% (p < 0.05)。本研究定量得出了人为因素和气象因素对黑龙江省水稻生产的影响分别占87.2%和12.8%的结论, 并检测出近年来水稻抽穗开花期障碍型冷害的波动增加趋势, 为明确今后低温冷害的防御重点提供科学参考。 相似文献
12.
东北地区水稻延迟型冷害时空特征及其与气候变暖的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用水稻延迟型冷害分级指标和1951-2010 年东北地区101 个气象台站的逐日气温资料,采用累计距平、相关系数、气候倾向率、趋势系数等方法分析东北地区水稻延迟型冷害时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：蒙东地区西部、吉林东部和黑龙江交界延迟型冷害出现的频率较大,辽宁中南部延迟型冷害出现的频率较小。东北地区严重冷害出现频率高于轻度冷害和中度冷害。轻度、中度、严重延迟型冷害都呈下降的趋势,特别在1994 年后延迟型冷害呈快速下降的趋势,东北地区水稻延迟型冷害与气候变暖有着较好的对应关系,5-9 月平均气温和延迟型冷害呈明显反相关,5-9 月平均气温升高1℃,水稻延迟型冷害减少约45次。 相似文献
13.
寒地水稻障碍型冷害指数构建及应用——以辽宁省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北地区水稻障碍型冷害常规评估多采用温度和低温持续天数2个指标,为实现定量化评估和预报,需构建一种基于多因素的综合性障碍型冷害指数。本文基于水稻温度适宜度模型,以温度和低温持续天数为基础,综合考虑三基点温度对水稻生长发育过程的影响,利用辽宁省近50年的日平均温度和水稻发育期数据,构建水稻障碍型冷害指数(RSCDI),并利用该指数对辽宁省水稻障碍型冷害变化规律进行分析和试预报。结果表明：①1961-2010年的50年间,有20年发生了局部轻度冷害,14年发生了局部中度冷害,10年发生了局部重度冷害,未发生区域性及大范围冷害。②冷害发生频率最高的年代为1971-1980年,1981-2000年发生频率呈下降趋势,发生频率最低的年代为1991-2000年,2001年以后发生频率上升、且范围呈现扩大趋势;冷害发生范围主要分布在辽宁西部和东北部地区。随着气候变暖,冷害发生频率和范围虽有一定程度的下降,但辽宁省水稻障碍型冷害发生的不确定性仍存在。③利用RSCDI对2011-2014年辽宁省水稻障碍型冷害进行试预报,结果仅建平县2012年和2014年在开花期发生中度冷害,其他地区无冷害发生。 相似文献
14.
近20年气候变暖对黑龙江省水稻增产的贡献 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
研究过去的气候变暖对作物产量的影响是认识变暖对农业影响的有效途径,但如何定量区分出气候变化和技术发展对粮食作物的影响程度是目前研究的难点。本文提出的算法在一定程度上可以克服传统算法缺陷,用此方法估算过去20年气候变暖对黑龙江省水稻单产增加的贡献率,结果表明：20世纪80年代相对于70年代水稻单产增加了30.6%,其中由气候变暖带来的增产量占实际增产量的12.8%~16.1%,相当于使70年代的单产增加3.9%~4.9%。20世纪90年代水稻单产较80年代增产42.7%,其中,气候变暖对单产增加的贡献率约为23.2%~28.8%,相当于在20世纪80年代的单产水平上增产9.9%~12.3%。 相似文献
15.
基于遥感的黑龙江省西部水稻、玉米种植范围对温度变化的响应 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
利用多时相遥感数据,生成黑龙江西部地区1988年和1998年两个序列的农作物种植范围图,结合相应时段的该地区≥10℃积温数据进行分析。研究表明,黑龙江省西部地区农作物种植结构对气候变暖有明显的响应变化:随着等温线的大幅度整体北移,水稻的种植北界随着≥10℃积温的2200℃等温线向北移动约1.5个纬度,水稻集中种植区随≥10℃积温的2300~2400℃等温线北移约1个纬度;分布在≥10℃积温2800℃等温线和2400℃等温线附近的两个玉米密集种植区随着上述两条等温线北移1个纬度左右。在上述玉米、水稻种植范围北移过程中,同时出现玉米的种植区被新增的水稻种植区大范围替代的现象。 相似文献
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采用区位商和增长商指数,对1990—2018年黑龙江、吉林和辽宁三省的农业,及种植业、林业、畜牧业和渔业的比较优势和增长优势进行研究。结果表明：①从比较优势看,黑龙江省的农业、种植业、畜牧业和林业,吉林省的畜牧业,以及辽宁省的渔业和畜牧业,在全国具有突出的比较优势;东北三省的玉米、黑龙江省的大豆,及黑龙江和吉林省的牛肉生产具有显著的比较优势。②从增长优势看,1990—2018年,东北三省的种植业经济增速迟缓,而畜牧业经济具有明显的部门增长优势和区域增长优势,且增长优势突出,发展潜力较大。③从空间格局看,东北三省有75%的地级市农业具有比较优势;72%的地级市畜牧业产值增速高于全国平均水平,具有部门增长优势,优势突出。尽管东北三省种植业在全国的比较优势较强,但其产值增长速度相对迟缓。为推进粮食主产区农业发展,应提高现代农业发展水平,促进农业综合发展。 相似文献
19.
The duration of travel climate comfort degree is an important factor that influences the length of the tourism season and the development of a tourism destination. In this study, we used the monthly average meteorological data for the last 10 years from 46 weather stations in Heilongjiang Province (China) and Primorsky Krai (Russia) to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) and wind chill index (WCI) based on ArcGIS software interpolation technology. We obtained the climate comfort charts of the study area with a grid size a 1 km 2 grid size, and analyzed the spatial distribution of comfort for each month. The results show the following: 1) The THI and WCI of the cross-border region gradually decrease from south to north and from low altitude to high altitude. The annual comfortable climate period is longer when analyzed in terms of the WCI rather \than the THI. 2) The travel climate comfortable period of the study area shows significant regional difference and the length of the comfortable period in Heilongjiang Province is 4 to 5 months. Meanwhile, the period in Primorsky Krai decreases from south to north and the length of the comfortable period length in its southern region can reach 7 months. 3) The predominant length of the climate comfortable period in the cross-border area is 5 months per year, and it covers 46.6% of the total area, while areas that have a climate comfortable period of 2 months are the most limited, covering less than 0.3% of the area. The results provide a scientific basis for the utilization and development of a meteorological tourism resources and touring arrangements for tourists in the cross-border region between China and Russia. 相似文献
20.
《地理学报(英文版)》2020,(8)
Frequent chilling injury has serious impacts on national food security and in northeastern China heavily affects grain yields. Timely and accurate measures are desirable for assessing associated large-scale impacts and are prerequisites to disaster reduction. Therefore, we propose a novel means to efficiently assess the impacts of chilling injury on soybean. Specific chilling injury events were diagnosed in 1989, 1995, 2003, 2009, and 2018 in Oroqen community. In total, 512 combinations scenarios were established using the localized CROPGRO-Soybean model. Furthermore, we determined the maximum wide dynamic vegetation index(WDRVI) and corresponding date of critical windows of the early and late growing seasons using the GEE(Google Earth Engine) platform, then constructed 1600 cold vulnerability models on CDD(Cold Degree Days), the simulated LAI(Leaf Area Index) and yields from the CROPGRO-Soybean model. Finally, we calculated pixel yields losses according to the corresponding vulnerability models. The findings show that simulated historical yield losses in 1989, 1995, 2003 and 2009 were measured at 9.6%, 29.8%, 50.5%, and 15.7%, respectively, closely(all errors are within one standard deviation) reflecting actual losses(6.4%, 39.2%, 47.7%, and 13.2%, respectively). The above proposed method was applied to evaluate the yield loss for 2018 at the pixel scale. Specifically, a sentinel-2 A image was used for 10-m high precision yield mapping, and the estimated losses were found to characterize the actual yield losses from 2018 cold events. The results highlight that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately assess the effects of chilling injury on soybean crops. 相似文献