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大鹏澳浮游植物现存量和初级生产力及N:P值对其生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
2001年7月测定大鹏澳表层叶绿素a含量为2.61-19.87mg·m3,初级生产力为404.08-1097.25 mgC·(m2·d)-1,NP值远高于Redfield比值16.回归分析表明,该水域浮游植物的现存量或生长量并不受某个单一因子调控.在营养盐加富试验中,加入含有P系列的浮游植物增殖速度最快,揭示P是此时大鹏澳浮游植物的潜在限制因子.将大鹏澳浮游植物水样置于不同的NP值环境中进行实验,结果表明,浮游植物在NP值为30的梯度组中生物量最高,浮游植物生物多样性程度也最高,其次是NP值为16和8的梯度组.NP值为30的梯度组的浮游植物优势种的时间变化最稳定. 相似文献
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根据2002年11月在亚大湾大鹏澳进行的连续30d(每日采样一次)观测资料，运用主成分分析和多元回归分析相结合方法，分析大鹏澳非养殖区中各浮游植物优势种之间的关系及影响其生长与演替的主要理化因子．建立秋季浮游植物优势种演替模型，并与春季的大鹏澳现场调查建立的浮游植物优势种演替模型进行比较，分析生境变化(降雨)对浮游植物优势种演替过程的影响。结果表明，春，秋季浮游植物优势种发生不同的演替过程。春季浮游植物对资源的竞争较为激烈，大量降雨引起海水中营养盐浓度升高，促进并维持中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)高密度生长，待营养盐被大量消耗后，中肋骨条藻数量下降，减轻了对柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)的生长压力而使其成为优势种；而秋季水温较低，浮游植物细胞数量较春季大为减少，中肋骨条藻和柔弱菱形藻对资源的竞争较为缓和，使外界环境变化成为影响优势种变化的主要原因；降雨期间虽然营养盐增加，但环境变化使浮游植物的生长受到限制，雨后柔弱菱形藻数量不能恢复，水体中高营养盐浓度促使中肋骨条藻出现生长峰值。 相似文献
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氮、磷对大亚湾大鹏澳海区浮游植物群落的影响Ⅱ种类组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2005年4－5月（春季）、8月（夏季）和11月（秋季）对大亚湾大鹏澳海区表层的现场调查结合营养盐加富实验，探讨了不同季节氮（NO3－或脲氮 (urea)）和无机磷（PO43－）营养元素对浮游植物种类组成的潜在影响。大鹏澳海区浮游植物优势种有明显季节变化，秋季种类组成的平面变化最明显。春季浮游植物平均细胞密度最高但多样性指数最低。实验结果显示，春季至夏季浮游植物优势种翼根管藻模式变型Rhizosolenia alata f. genuina、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus和绕孢角毛藻Chaetoceros cinctus之间的演替可能受氮、磷条件变化的控制。夏季优势种菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii之间的演替可能受营养条件外的因素控制。尽管磷被认为是该海区浮游植物生长的主要限制因子，但夏季无机氮磷比值较高的实验组中未出现磷限制现象，无机氮磷比值的变化对浮游植物种类组成也没有显著影响，而秋季氮对浮游植物种类组成有较明显的潜在影响。 相似文献
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浮游植物是水生生态系统的基础生产者, 其群落结构直接影响到生态系统的健康和安全。河流输入是人类活动影响大亚湾水体环境最重要的途径之一, 淡水输入改变了水体温度、盐度、浊度和营养盐等环境因子, 对浮游植物群落结构产生影响。文章调查研究了2015年河流输入最强的夏季丰水期大亚湾的水体环境因子和浮游植物群落结构, 分析了在较强河流输入影响下浮游植物群落结构的动态变化及其对环境因子的响应。结果发现, 夏季大亚湾淡澳河的输入使湾顶淡澳河口区域形成层化的低盐、高温、低透明度、高营养盐的水体, 湾中部表层水体则受一定强度河流羽流影响, 而湾口和湾中部底层水体主要受外海水影响。淡澳河淡水输入是夏季大亚湾外源性氮、磷营养盐的主要来源, 而硅酸盐除河流输入外, 外海水也输入较多的营养盐使得底层水体硅酸盐浓度较高。夏季大亚湾水体营养比例失衡较严重, 溶解无机磷是限制浮游植物生长的重要因子。硅藻是大亚湾夏季浮游植物的优势类群, 调查发现3种优势种[极小海链藻(Thalassiosira minima)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula)]均为硅藻。通过聚类分析, 可将大亚湾夏季浮游植物群落主要分为3种类型, 分别为: 浮游植物丰度较大的极小海链藻藻华暴发的群落, 位于淡澳河口, 受河流输入影响明显; 中肋骨条藻占据优势的群落, 分布在受一定强度的河流及其羽流影响的湾顶和湾中部区域; 浮游植物丰度较低的群落, 无明显优势种, 主要分布在湾口海水影响区域。淡澳河口的水体环境有利于小型链状硅藻极小海链藻的快速繁殖并暴发了藻华, 藻华发生时的海水环境条件为: 温度30~31°C, 盐度17‰~31‰, 水体透明度0.45~1.2m。硅藻对不同营养盐利用的差异以及随后的生物碎屑和颗粒沉降过程导致藻华发生区域Si∶N值略降低, N∶P值显著升高。河流输入影响下, 单一物种大量生长使得浮游植物群落种类组成丰度分布极不均匀, 从而导致淡澳河口浮游植物群落的种类多样性和均匀度指数降低, 种类多样性和均匀度指数均从淡澳河口向湾口逐渐增大。 相似文献
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通过设置5个N/P浓度梯度和3个N浓度下的4个N:P梯度,进行了江蓠对N、P的短期(O-4h)和长期(第14天)吸收速率(SNUR和LNUR)以及短期和长期吸收效率(SNUE和LNUE)的研究,同时观察了5个N/P浓度梯度对江蓠细胞超微结构的影响.结果表明:N∶P比为16∶1时,江蓠对N、P的SNUR和LNUR均最大(P＜0.05); N/P为1200/75和960/60μmol/L浓度时,分别对N和P的SNUR最大,达12.85和0.79μmol/(gDW·h),但此N/P浓度下长期培养的江蓠叶绿体结构存在不同程度的损伤;而N/P浓度480/30μmol/L时,对N和P的LNUR均最大值4.23和0.31 μmol/(gDW·h).江蓠对N、P的SNUE和LNUE在介质N/P 60/3.75μmol/L时为最高,而在1200/75 μmol/L时为最低(P＜0.05). 相似文献
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胶州湾浮游植物初级生产力粒级结构及固碳能力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2006年3月-2007年2月逐月对胶州湾浮游植物分粒级初级生产力的调查研究,分析了该海湾初级生产力的季节变化和空间分布、粒级结构特征以及碳流途径,计算了胶州湾浮游植物光合作用固碳量以及其对富营养化物质氮、磷的净化能力.结果表明:胶州湾的初级生产力平均为408.8 mgC*m-2d-1,存在明显的季节差异和空间分布的不均匀性;微微型浮游植物(Picophytoplankton)对总初级生产的贡献率最高(42.14%),小型浮游植物(Microphytoplankton)和微型浮游植物(Nanophytoplankton)贡献率相当(分别为27.81%和30.03%);浮游植物光合作用固定的碳超过50%通过微食物环再向高营养级传递并入经典食物链,微食物环在胶州湾生态系统碳循环中具有重要作用;胶州湾海域每年通过浮游植物光合作用固碳量为52 809.1 tC,按照Redfield比值(C∶N∶P=106∶16∶1)每年吸收N和P的量值分别为9 299.7 t和1 287.0 t,浮游植物对大气CO2的吸收及对富营养化物质的净化均具有重要作用. 相似文献
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于2013年8、10月及2014年2、5月对大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区及其邻近海域进行了采样调查。利用设置的3个站位(牡蛎养殖区S1、养殖区外S2、靠近湾口S3)的数据研究了牡蛎养殖对海区浮游植物种群结构和丰度的影响。本次考察共鉴定出大鹏澳浮游植物58属144种,丰度为6.15×103—5.94×106cells/L。其中,硅藻36属100种,占种类总数的69.4%,丰度在4.5×103—5.93×106cells/L之间;甲藻15属34种,占总种类的23.6%,丰度范围为1.5×102—4.53×104 cells/L;蓝藻、绿藻、隐藻等共7属10种。在牡蛎养殖期(8月至2月),养殖区内养殖水层浮游植物总丰度低于非养殖区,硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度的90%以上,硅藻丰度与总浮游植物细胞丰度的空间分布特征一致;与硅藻空间分布特点不同,养殖区内甲藻丰度显著低于非养殖区。牡蛎收获后的5月,养殖区内的甲藻丰度高于非养殖区。牡蛎养殖区站位S1浮游植物多样性指数平均值为1.35,明显低于非养殖区S2(2.68)和S3(2.69)。与此相似,养殖区内站位S1均匀度J(0.27)明显低于非养殖区站位S2(0.49)和S3(0.51)。本研究表明,大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物群落结构造成了一定影响,能够显著降低浮游植物丰度、种类多样性和均匀度。 相似文献
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大亚湾大鹏澳牡蛎养殖临近海域自养微微型浮游生物种群分布特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
于2013年5月到2014年6月,在大亚湾大鹏澳牡蛎区及邻近海域开展了为期14个月的采样调查,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对表层水体中微微型浮游植物(0.7—2.7μm)光合色素进行测定,并应用色素化学分类软件CHEMTAX对自养微微型浮游生物(aototrophicpicoplankton,APP)功能类群进行分析。结果表明,该海域APP中共检出了15种光合色素,其中青绿藻素(Pras)和玉米黄素(Zea)是微微型色素中浓度最高的2种特征色素,均具有明显的季节变化特征:Pras主要出现在低温季节(牡蛎养殖期),而Zea主要出现在高温季节(非牡蛎养殖期)。CHEMTAX分析表明,大鹏澳海域APP最主要的类群是硅藻、蓝藻和青绿藻,而甲藻、隐藻、定鞭金藻、绿藻和金藻生物量较低。温度和营养盐浓度是影响大鹏澳海域APP的时空分布的重要因素,青绿藻主要出现在低温季节(主要在冬季牡蛎养殖期间),且其生物量与溶解无机氮呈显著正相关;而蓝藻则主要出现在高温季节,与温度呈显著正相关。另外,贝类养殖也是能够影响APP空间分布的重要因素,在大鹏澳海域牡蛎养殖期间,青绿藻生物量在养殖区明显高于非养殖海域。 相似文献
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哑铃湾网箱养殖水体中氮磷结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2002年4月-2003年1月对哑铃湾网箱养殖的调查数据,分析了养殖水体中不同形态N／P值的分布趋势、季节变化及哑铃湾网箱养殖水体中的限制性营养盐。结果表明：各形态N／P具有显著的季节变化,其分布趋势基本表现为网箱养殖区低于非养殖区,并且随着养殖年限的增加,这种现象更明显。总体上说,哑铃湾浮游植物生长主要受P的限制,但从无机态N／P来看,春、夏季以P为该海域浮游植物生长的控制因子：秋、冬季以N为该海湾浮游植物生长的控制因子。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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以苯酚和4—溴苯甲酸为原料,合成一种尚未见文献记载的新化合物——4—溴苯甲酸—2,3,4,5,6—五溴苯酯,用无水三氯化铝催化苯酚的全溴化。此产物可望在阻燃剂方面得到应用。 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献