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1.
青藏高原大气可降水量单站观测对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨青藏高原大气可降水量观测资料的可靠性,对2015年6-9月西藏申扎、改则和那曲3站地基GNSS遥感的大气可降水量、同址探空观测的大气可降水量、风云三号可见光红外扫描辐射计反演的晴空大气可降水量、MODIS大气可降水量和NCEP可降水量进行对比分析。结果表明:探空可降水量和地基GNSS可降水量的偏差较小,均低于2.5 mm。风云三号可降水量明显偏低,与其他观测结果的偏差超过6 mm。全自动探空可降水量离散程度较L波段探空大,均方根误差超过4 mm。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原探空大气水汽偏差及订正方法研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
水汽是大气的主要成分和降水的主要物质来源.青藏高原大气水汽分布对区域天气和气候有很大影响,为了探讨探空观测的大气水汽总量（R）资料的可靠性,本文以地基GPS遥感的大气水汽总量（G）为参照标准,对拉萨（1999~2010年）和那曲（2003年）的R进行对比分析和偏差（R-G）订正.结果表明:近10多年拉萨站R比G明显偏小,偏小程度随使用不同的探空仪而异.GZZ-2型机械探空仪和GTS-1型电子探空仪多年平均的PW偏差分别为-8.8%和-3.9%,随机误差分别为17.6%和13.6%.近10多年PW偏差变化呈减少趋势,这与探空仪性能改进有关.分析发现,青藏高原PW偏差具有明显季节变化和日变化特征,夏季比冬季明显,1200 UTC比0000 UTC明显.拉萨站GZZ-2型和GTS-1型探空仪在1200 UTC多年平均的PW偏差分别为-15.8%和-7.3%,在0000 UTC分别为-1.6%和-0.4%.那曲站GZZ-2型探空仪在1200 UTC和0000 UTC的PW偏差分别为-12.4%和-0.3%.分析还表明,太阳辐射加热与气温的日变化和季节变化是造成高原PW偏差日变化和季节变化的重要原因.据此,提出了高原PW偏差的订正方法,并以拉萨和那曲站为例进行PW偏差订正,订正后的PW系统偏差显著减少,随机误差也相应得到了改善. 相似文献
3.
云液态水柱含量是一个重要的气象学和云雾物理参数.对于云液水柱含量测量已发展了多种技术,但由于云在时空上变化很大,目前地基、飞机以及卫星测量的全部资料,都不能满足数值天气预报、人工增雨及气候变化研究等方面的工作需要.作者提出一种测云水的新方法,即从卫星-地面的微波衰减来确定云水(斜)柱量,并研究了此方法中的测量通道选择及测量方式问题,进行了初步的误差分析研究.结果表明,此方法在现有技术条件下可行,云水的测量精度不难达到20%～30%的水平.与卫星被动微波遥感结合起来,可获得精度更高的云水全球分布资料. 相似文献
4.
A collocated SSM/I and radiosonde measurement data set provided by the NASDA(Japan)was used to retrieve the total precipitable water(PW)over oceans.The retrieval results obtainedwith several regression algorithms were compared against the radiosonde measurements.It isshown that:(a)the routinely operational algorithm of Alishouse et al.(1990)yields significantunderestimation in high PW regime and overestimation in low PW regime;(b)a cubic correctionby Colton and Poe(1994)is not sufficient and globally improves slightly the retrieval results;and(c)the regression algorithm with the form of brightness temperature(T_b)function In (280-T_b)gives a little largely scattered retrievals in whole PW range but without considerable over-andunderestimates in low and high PW regimes.To improve the estimation of the oceanic precipitablewater from the SSM/I measurements,a composite algorithm with different forms of T_b function inlow.medium and high PW regimes is proposed and tested. 相似文献
5.
RETRIEVING OVER-OCEAN PRECIPITABLE WATER FROM THE SSM/I MEASUREMENTS WITH SEVERAL REGRESSION ALGORITHMS* 
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下载免费PDF全文 A collocated SSM/I and radiosonde measurement data set provided by the NASDA(Japan) was used to retrieve the total precipitable water(PW) over oceans.The retrieval results obtained with several regression algorithms were compared against the radiosonde measurements.It is shown that:(a) the routinely operational algorithm of Alishouse et al.(1990) yields significant underestimation in high PW regime and overestimation in low PW regime;(b) a cubic correction by Colton and Poe(1994) is not sufficient and globally improves slightly the retrieval results;and(c) the regression algorithm with the form of brightness temperature(Tb) function In(280-Tb) gives a little largely scattered retrievals in whole PW range but without considerable over-and underestimates in low and high PW regimes.To improve the estimation of the oceanic precipitable water from the SSM/I measurements,a composite algorithm with different forms of Tb function in low.medium and high PW regimes is proposed and tested. 相似文献
6.
采用2013年中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气综合观测试验站的地基微波辐射计和激光雷达观测数据,以激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度为参考,分别利用非线性神经网络和多元线性回归方法建立微波亮温直接反演大气边界层高度的算法,并对比两种方法的反演能力, 同时分析非线性神经网络算法在不同时段及不同天气状况下反演结果的差异。结果表明:非线性神经网络算法的反演能力优于多元线性回归算法,其反演结果与激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度有较好一致性,冬、春季的相关系数达到0.83,反演精度比线性回归算法约高26%;对于不同时段和不同天气条件,春季的反演结果最好,晴空的反演结果好于云天; 四季和不同天气状况的划分也有利于提高反演精度。 相似文献
7.
利用高分辨率WRF单气柱模式,选取了两种边界层参数化方案(YSU,MYJ),对TWP-ICE(Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment)试验期间的个例进行数值模拟,比较了两种方案对边界层结构、云和降水模拟的影响。结果表明:季风活跃期,YSU方案模拟的湍流交换系数较小,湍流混合偏弱,边界层内热通量偏小,使地表热量和水汽不易向上输送,水汽含量在近地表明显偏多,而在边界层及其以上大气层具有显著的干偏差,因此该方案模拟的云中液态水和固态水含量偏低,云量偏少,降水率偏小;MYJ方案对于季风活跃期的边界层结构具有较好的模拟能力,其模拟的云和降水更为准确。季风抑制期,MYJ方案模拟的夜间边界层结构存在较大误差,这是因为该方案模拟的夜间湍流交换系数较大,湍流混合偏强,边界层内热通量偏大,模拟的位温和水汽混合比在边界层内随高度变化较小,而观测廓线在边界层内存在较大梯度。季风抑制期两种方案模拟的云和降水均比观测值偏多,方案之间的差异较小。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原大气总水汽量的反演研究 总被引：2，自引：11，他引：2
利用2001年青藏高原89个气象站资料、NCEP格点再分析资料以及2001—2003年7月3个地基GPS站的大气总水汽量观测资料,对GPS遥感的大气总水汽量与探空观测结果做了比较,研究了大气总水汽量变化对降雨形成的影响,大气总水汽量与地面水汽压的关系,分析了青藏高原大气总水汽量的时空变化特征及其成因。结果表明:GPS遥感的大气总水汽量与探空观测结果吻合得较好,2001年那曲站两种结果相比均方根误差仅0.15 cm;大气总水汽量与地面水汽压之间有良好的相关关系;不同季节高原上基本都存在3个明显的大气总水汽量高值中心:即东南部、西南部和西北部;高原大气总水汽量分布的季节变化与500 hPa风场及整层大气水汽通量的变化关系密切。 相似文献
9.
10.
Summary ?This paper describes the configuration of measurement systems operated continuously at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg
with the aim of constructing combined profiles of wind and temperature – so-called composite profiles – covering the boundary
layer with high temporal and vertical resolution. This is required for the forcing of a micro-α-scale model in order to simulate
the atmospheric boundary layer structure over a heterogeneous landscape during the LITFASS-98 experiment. The problems of
combining measurements of different remote sensing and in-situ systems are briefly discussed. Although the measuring range
of individual remote sensing systems is variable, the height coverage of wind and temperature profile measurements by sodar/RASS
and two wind profiler radar/RASS complement each other very well. Using a simple merging procedure composite wind and temperature
profiles have been synthesized based on radiosonde, windprofiler/RASS, sodar/RASS and tower measurements. Time-height cross
sections of hourly composite profiles show considerably more details of the boundary layer structure than simple radiosonde
interpolation due to the higher sampling frequency, higher vertical resolution and increased accuracy at the lower levels.
Finally some qualifications of the formulated algorithm are suggested for future application.
Received June 18, 2001; revised May 30, 2002; accepted June 6, 2002 相似文献
11.
12.
地基GPS不同水汽反演方法的误差分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用湖北宜昌2007年观测的GPS对流层天顶延迟数据,对采用不同水汽反演方法计算的对流层可降水量PW的正确度和精密度进行对比分析。结果显示：不同天顶干延迟计算模型对GPSPW的精密度影响不大,但对其正确度有明显的影响,与探空PW相比,Hopfield模型计算的GPs册的平均偏差最小,Saastamoinen模型的平均偏差次之,而Black模型的平均偏差最大;大气加权平均温度对GPS PW的正确度有重要影响,对其进行本地化订正可以明显减小GPS PW与探空尸形的偏差,但对GPSPW的精密度影响不大;GPS PW与探空PW的相关性受大气水汽含量的影响,当大气水汽含量较低（PW≤65mm）时,两者的相关系数可达0．92,两者的平均偏差为3．8mm,偏差的均方差为6．4mm,而当大气水汽含量较大时,GPS PW与探空PW的偏差会增大,两者的相关系数会变小,这可能与GPS水汽反演方法有关;GPS PW比探空PW偏小,这可能是由两种探测方法的不同所造成的系统偏差。 相似文献
13.
轨道误差对近实时GPS遥感水汽的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
利用GPS技术近实时探测水汽对于气象预报、气候研究具有重要的应用价值，而近实时探测需要使用GPS卫星的预报星历，预报星历的误差会直接影响到实时水汽探测的精度。利用从IGS资料处理中心下载的精密预报星历和最终星历，对2000年北京GPS水汽试验中的资料进行了解算，并结合探空资料计算的水汽进行了分析。结果表明：以探空为标准，使用精密预报星历计算的水汽总量均方根误差为0．31cm，最终星历为0．30cm，二者差别不大，为0．01cm，证明使用精密预报星历可以满足近实时探测水汽的要求。 相似文献
14.
G.S. Strong 《大气与海洋》2013,51(1):29-63
Abstract Diurnal changes in the local atmospheric moisture budget over the Canadian Prairies are computed using sequential radiosonde soundings from the 1991 Regional Evaporation Study (RES‐91). Previous attempts to estimate evapotranspiration with radiosonde data have used either similarity theory or a moisture budget, but have been confined to the boundary layer in either case. These studies, as well as semi‐empiric operational techniques which use surface‐based data, exclude the effects of moisture advection and energy exchanges between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere, assuming negligible effects on evapotranspiration. The moisture budget method adopted here includes horizontal advection explicitly, and treats vertical fluxes implicitly through a total tropospheric moisture budget. Comparison of the evapotranspiration estimates with those of other techniques are positive only when results are averaged over several days to weeks. While the advection estimates are a major source of error for the “daily” estimates in this particular study, it is shown that neither advection nor moisture flux through the boundary layer can be ignored in estimating daily evapotranspiration, regardless of the technique used. The results also suggest that evapotranspiration is more variable on a daily basis than other techniques have indicated. With an improved synoptic database now available for advection estimates, the moisture budget technique may provide an excellent ground‐truth method for fine‐tuning techniques for remote sensing of evapotranspiration, and could lead to improved parametrization schemes for both NWP models and GCMs. 相似文献
15.
Zhao Bolin 《大气科学进展》1990,7(4):475-490
In this paper, recent research of microwave remote sensing of atmosphere, cloud and rain in China is presented. It includes the following aspects:(1) Progress in the development of multifrequency radiometer and its characteristics and parameters;(2) Application of microwave remote sensing in prediction of atmospheric boundary layer. The atmospheric temperature profiles are derived with 5 mm (54.5 GHz) radiometer angle-scanning observations. Due to the fact that microwave radiometer could monitor the atmospheric temperature profile continuously and make the initialization of numerical model any time, it is helpful for improving the accuracy in prediction of the evolution of atmospheric boundary layer;(3) Theory and application of microwave radiometers in monitoring atmospheric temperature, humidity and water content in cloud. The field experiment of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) at Shionomisaki and Amami Oshima of Japan for studies of cloud and weather has been described;(4) Satellite remote sensing of atmosphere and cloud. The TIROS-N TOVS satellite data are used to obtain at-mospheric temperature profile. The results are compared with those of radiosonde, with rms deviation smaller than that of the current operational TOVS processing;(5) Microwave remote sensing and communication. The atmospheric attenuations are derived with microwave remote sensing methods such as solar radiation method etc., in order to obtain the local value instantaneously. The characteristics of Beijing’s rainfall have been analysed and the probability of microwave attenuation of rain is predicted;(6) For improvement of the accuracy of rainfall measurement, a radiometer-radar system (λ= 3.2 cm) has been developed. The variation of rainfull distribution and area-rainfall may be obtained by its measurements, which may be helpful for hydrological prediction.The prospect of microwave remote sensing in meteorology is also discussed. 相似文献
16.
以北京市观象台2010年8月、2011年8月每日3次 (08:00, 14:00, 20:00,北京时,下同) L波段探空秒间隔数据为实况,对BJ-RUC系统 (rapid updated cycle system for the Beijing area) 分析和预报边界层性能进行了初步评估。结果表明:BJ-RUC系统对北京地区夏季白天边界层的细致特征具有较好的预报能力,但也存在明显的系统性误差。08:00边界层偏冷; 14:00和20:00 1 km以下的边界层则显著偏暖, 边界层内明显偏湿。整体上模式对边界层内温度、湿度的预报误差均高于自由大气。该系统对北京地区边界层内早晨 (08:00) 从夜间山风向白天谷风环流过渡、午后 (14:00) 到日落后 (20:00)1500 m以下盛行西南偏南气流的日变化特征具有较强的预报能力。系统预报的14:00边界层顶高度与评估时段内实际对流边界层高度的变化趋势一致。但预报的对流边界层顶偏高,这与BJ-RUC系统采用YSU边界层参数化方案的垂直混合更强有关。 相似文献
17.
The principle and technique of real-time remote sensing of the layered atmospheric precipitable by using a ground-based radiometer of 1.35 cm wavelength with a microcomputer as a controlling and data process-ing unit are presented. The stability and calibration of the instrument are outlined. Observations during the summer of 1984 show that the RMS deviation of the layered precipitable between the radiometer meas-urement and the radiosonde ranges from 0.20 to 0.25 g/cm2 with a correlation coefficient of above 90 %. 相似文献
18.
对2010年8月在云南腾冲利用芬兰Vaisala RS80和低温霜点仪 (Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer,CFH) 两种探空仪测量大气湿度的垂直分布进行对比分析,同时比较它们白天和夜间测量误差的差别,并对国产GTS1,RS80和CFH共3种探空仪测量水汽总量与地基GPS遥测结果进行比较。结果表明:RS80湿度测值在整个对流层比CFH测值偏干 (23.7±18.5)%;因太阳辐射白天RS80偏干较夜间更明显,比夜间偏干 (13.5±14.8)%。而在对流层上层向平流层过渡区域内RS80湿度数据基本无效。CFH在低温、低湿环境下对湿度能有效测量,但在湿度较高的对流层低层测值偏高,导致比较中CFH水汽总量平均比GPS遥测的水汽总量偏高 (4.3±2.0) mm (样本数为11),而RS80,GTS1与GPS的水汽总量差别分别是 (0.2±1.4) mm (样本数为12), (-0.2±2.2) mm (样本数为43)。地基GPS遥测的水汽总量对对流层上层至平流层的水汽变化不敏感。由于RS80测量相对湿度在高空偏低,通过RS80相对湿度测值来确定中、高云结果是偏低的,特别是对6000 m以上的高云判别上,RS80相对湿度的探测几乎很难甄别到云的存在。 相似文献
19.
In this work, the thermic structure of the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed by means of direct measurements with radiosonde equipment, remote exploration with a three-monostatic Doppler sodar, and a boundary layer model of order one-and-a-half. Intercomparisons of radiosonde data, sodar data, and model results are made through the study of radiative nocturnal inversion, subsidence inversion, development and height of the mixing layer, and calculus of the temperature structure parameter. The ability of sodar to find the mixing layer height and to detect stable layers is enhanced when these layers are low enough. 相似文献
20.
In four seasons of 1982 measurements of atmospheric water vapor profiles and total precipitable water were made by a ground-based microwave radiometer operating at 1.35 cm wavelength. All data were processed by using Monte Carlo method. The statistical results of more than seventy cases show that the relative error compared to the radiosonde observations is 5.3% for the total precipitable water vapor and less than 20% for humidity profiles in the lower atmosphere below 750 mb. In addition, the relationship between the weather background and both the humidity profiles and the total precipitable water vapor were analyzed. 相似文献