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1.
东天山古生代板块构造特点及其演化模式 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
东天山的古板块构造格局主要由塔里木陆壳板块、西伯利亚陆壳板块和哈萨克斯坦洋壳板块在古生代的活动所奠定的。在古生代，东天山的板块构造格局主要表现为多列岛弧及其间弧间盆地和弧后盆地的形式。自北而南依次发育：博格达－哈尔里克泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，中天山志留－石炭纪岛弧，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。其主要成因是由于准噶尔洋壳板块向塔里木陆壳板块下俯冲，俯冲带不断后退所形成的。奥陶纪中后期，中天山由塔里木北缘分出，形成具有古老陆块基底的类似于现今日本列岛的中天山岛弧。在其后形成南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。泥盆纪早期，俯冲带后退至觉罗塔格北侧形成觉罗塔格岛弧。泥盆纪晚期，俯冲带后退至博格达－哈尔里克北缘，形成博格达－哈尔里克岛弧。中石炭世至早二叠世，博格达同准噶尔陆块碰撞造山，哈尔里克同麦钦乌拉岛弧碰撞造山。与此同时，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山裂谷带也相继闭合，而吐哈弧间盆地则成为未被消减完的弧间盆地残留下来。东天山古生代板块演化可与现今印度尼西亚地区的板块演化相类比。 相似文献
2.
东秦岭陡岭古岛弧和武当古弧后盆地及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丹凤－信阳蛇绿混杂带作为秦岭－大别碰撞造山带主缝合带，其南部属于扬子板块北部大陆边缘。研究区域位于东秦岭南翼，是扬子板块北部大陆边缘的一部分。①晚元古－中震旦世，扬子板块北缘为活动型大陆边缘，发育陡岭岛弧和弧后盆地；②晚震旦－－早古生代，扬子板块北缘转为被动型大陆边缘，陡岭岛弧构成边缘地块，武发古弧后盆地演化为边缘盆地；③早古生代晚期，华北板块南缘的秦岭岛弧首先与扬子板块北缘的陡岭国缘地块（古岛弧 相似文献
3.
西太平洋边缘构造带是地球上规模最大最复杂的板块边界,以台湾和马鲁古海为界,自北往南大致可以分为3段。北段是典型的沟-弧-盆体系,千岛海盆、日本海盆及冲绳海槽均为典型的弧后扩张盆地。中段菲律宾岛弧构造带为双向俯冲带,构造复杂,新生代经历大的位移和重组,使得欧亚大陆边缘的南海、苏禄海和苏拉威西海成因存在很大的争议。南段新几内亚—所罗门构造带是太平洋板块、印度—澳大利亚及欧亚板块共同作用的结果,既有不同阶段的俯冲、碰撞,也有大规模的走滑与弧后的扩张,其间既有新扩张的海盆,又有正在俯冲消亡的海盆。台湾岛处于枢纽部位,欧亚板块在此被撕裂,南部欧亚大陆边缘南海洋壳沿马尼拉海沟俯冲于菲律宾岛弧之下,而北部菲律宾海洋壳沿琉球海沟俯冲欧亚大陆之下。马鲁古海是西太平洋板块边界又一转折点,马鲁古海板块往东下插于哈马黑拉之下,往西下插于桑义赫弧,形成反U形双向俯冲汇聚带,其洋壳板块已基本全部消失,致使哈马黑拉弧与桑义赫弧形成弧-弧碰撞。 相似文献
4.
新疆北部福海地区处于西伯利亚与哈萨克斯坦两大古板块的汇聚带，构造活动强烈，属岛弧及弧后盆地构造环境。占古生界沉积盆地类型多种多样，有尖盆，残留海盆地，岛弧盆地，陆缘弧盆地及陆内裂隙盆地等；岩相类型齐全，深海，浅海，滨海，三角洲及河，湖，沼泽均有发育。 相似文献
5.
中新生代渤海湾盆地及其邻区构造成因和演化宋新民，钱祥麟（北京大学地质学系，北京，１００８７１）中新生代渤海湾盆地的成因和演化，通常都联系为中侏罗世以来太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲引起的弧后扩张作用或地幔上拱的主动裂谷作用及印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞形成地幔流... 相似文献
6.
江南中,新元古代岛弧的运动学和动力学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自经７０年代作者等发表江南中一新元古代岛弧构造观点以来，这一地区已经在８０年代后期和９０年代成为我国大地构造研究热点之一，大量新资料支持以下的古板块构造演化模式，即古代南洋壳中元古代１３（１７）－９．８亿年时向北（西北）俯地扬子板块东南边缘之下，形成江南火山同岛弧和弧后盆地，在东北段是皖－浙－赣火山岛弧和樟树数－伏川弧后盆地；新元古代９．８－７．７亿年时发生了陈蔡弧与皖－浙－赣弧的弧－弧碰撞造山作 相似文献
7.
班公湖—怒江断裂带东段的构造特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
班公湖－怒江断裂带是青藏高原羌塘－唐古拉板块与冈底斯－念青唐古拉板块的缝合带。由韧性推覆剪切带，逆冲断裂带，断陷盆地构造带和推覆构造带，以及蛇绿岩，蛇绿混杂岩，深海复理石，古生代变质岩和燕山期花岗岩侵入体等组合而成，是复杂的断裂系统，主要经历了晚三叠世－中侏罗世洋盆的形成和扩张，晚侏我世洋壳俯冲和岛弧形成，早白垩世－晚白垩世早期弧－陆碰撞汇聚和喜马拉期断陷盆地形成，逆冲推覆构造发育的复杂演化历史过 相似文献
8.
江南中、新元古代岛弧的运动学和动力学 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：43
自经７０年代作者等发表江南中－新元古代岛弧构造观点以来，这一地区已经在８０年代后期和９０年代成为我国大地构造研究热点之一。大量新资料支持以下的古板块构造演化模式，即古华南洋壳中元古代１３（１７）～９．８亿年时向北（西北）俯冲于扬子板块东南边缘之下，形成江南火山岛弧和弧后盆地，在东北段是皖－浙－赣火山岛弧和樟树墩－伏川弧后盆地；新元古代９．８～７．７亿年时发生了陈蔡弧（浙东地体）与皖－浙－赣弧的弧－弧碰撞造山作用，并导致樟树墩－伏川边缘海的崩塌和陆－弧弧后碰撞造山过程。江南古岛弧带经历了多次的后期构造变形。 相似文献
9.
从华北陆块南缘大洋扩张到北秦岭造山带板块俯冲的转换时限 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
本文以北秦岭造山带华北陆块南缘被动陆缘火山裂谷(大洋?)盆地、早古生代岛弧-弧后盆地和晚古生代岛弧-蛇绿杂岩等构造相带为研究重点,综合利用同位素年代学、古生物年代学、岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学等实测数据,系统研究和探讨了北秦岭造山带被动陆缘大洋扩张向俯冲增生造山转换的时限.研究显示:华北陆块南缘由晚新元古代大洋扩张作用转化为板块俯冲作用的转换时限为早奥陶世,约472Ma左右.北秦岭造山带在古生代期间至少存在两期板块俯冲增生造山作用,时代上向南变新,空间上向南向洋内迁移.两次俯冲增生造山作用分别构筑了北秦岭造山带早古生代岛弧-弧后盆地和晚古生代岛弧-俯冲杂岩两条构造相带. 相似文献
10.
位于新疆北部富蕴县库尔提一带的晚古生代变质玄武岩和辉长岩系含有似岛弧火山岩（arc-like)和似洋中脊玄武岩（MORB－like)成分的两种组分，岩石以出现不同程度的LREE亏损和Nb、Ta等元素的负异常为特征，在成分上非常相似于现代弧后盆地（Mariana和Okinawa弧后盆地）的玄武岩。我们厘定这套变质的镁铁质火成岩为弧后盆地蛇绿岩，它们很可能代表了晚古生代古亚洲洋北侧的一个洋内岛弧的弧后盆地系统，表明晚古生代早期新疆北部地区处于与古亚洲洋俯冲有关的岛弧环境，该古洋在晚石炭世－二叠纪消减消失后，两侧西伯利亚和哈萨克－准噶尔板块才开始碰撞和造山。 相似文献
11.
The Aleutian island arc collides with the Kuril–Kamchatka arc in the area of the Cape Kamchatka peninsula. Field studies of neotectonic structures and apatite fission track analysis provide evidence for crustal plate shortening onshore the Cape Kamchatka peninsula. Tectonic blocks show differential mean exhumation rates varying from 0.18 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 in the north up to 1.2 ± 0.18 mm yr−1 in the south of the peninsula. A few of the fission track length data point to an unsteady exhumation rate. The blocks are separated by major dextral fault zones splaying off from Aleutian island arc fault zones. Across the western segment of the North American–Pacific Plate boundary the strain is partitioned along the fault zones and increases from north to south. Results from this study suggest that indentation and accretion of island arc fragments has recently occurred in the southeastern part of the Cape Kamchatka peninsula. 相似文献
12.
本文对北祁连山早古生代弧后盆地熔岩的岩石地球化学研究结果加以报道。样品的分布将南部弧后盆地拉伸最早阶段发育的岛弧裂谷化区和北部的弧后海底扩张区联系起来。熔岩的岩相学和地球化学特点反映了拉伸方式的改变,北部是典型的弧后盆地基性熔岩,向南则逐渐向岛弧熔岩过渡。海底扩张区以玻质(现已脱玻化)、少斑基性熔岩为特征,长英质熔岩和斑状基性熔岩产于南部岛弧裂谷化区。成熟岛弧部分(Y<20×10-6,TiO2<0.60%,Th/Yb>0.60)和弧后扩张区(Y>20×10-6,TiO2>1.0%,Th/Yb<0.60)在地球化学上相互有别。从由海底扩张形成的弧后盆地基性熔岩,向南经过逐渐与岛弧岩石相似的熔岩,直至裂谷区最南部的岛弧熔岩,它们的地球化学成分显示逐渐的变化。这种变化反映了弧后盆地形成过程中弧后盆地之下地幔对流方式和熔体产生作用的改变:从初始岛弧裂谷之下由消减板片俯冲引起的地幔下沉,转变为弧后海底扩张带之下的地幔上隆。早期岛弧裂谷阶段,裂谷轴捕获了岛弧岩浆流,从而使得喷出的熔岩在成分上与岛弧熔岩无法区分;随着弧后拉张继续,弧后盆地变宽,岛弧岩浆流逐渐离开裂谷轴,最终产生一个似洋中脊的减压熔融系统———弧后盆地岩浆系统。 相似文献
13.
A plate-tectonics model of the Alpine evolution of the Caucasus is suggested. According to the model, in the Jurassic-Neocomian the Caucasian territory comprised the shelf of the East European platform, the marginal sea of the Great Caucasus, the Pontian-Transcaucasian island arc, the Anatolian-Minor Caucasian oceanic basin (Tethys) and the Iranian-Turkish microcontinent. Along the northern margin of the oceanic basin a convergent plate juncture extended. Part of the Caucasus, situated north of this plate boundary, represented the West Pacific-type active margin of the East European platform. In the Middle Cretaceous the Iranian-Turkish microcontinent collided with the Pontian-Transcaucasian island arc and as a result the Transcaucasian-Minor Asian continental block originated. In the central part of the latter an extensive Paleogene andesitic belt formed, with the Black Sea-Adjara-Trialetian and Talysh-South Caspian basaltic rift troughs on its rear (northern) side (incipient Black Sea and South Caspian basins). Major plate boundary shifted south, into the Zagros-Taurus basin, though the Anatolian-Minor Caucasian suture zone remained mobile in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene. From the Oligocene, under conditions of ongoing convergence of the Eurasian and Afro-Arabian continental blocks, the present-day intracontinental mountainous foldbelt has developed. 相似文献
14.
15.
西北太平洋岛弧系列成因的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
西北太平洋岛弧系列中的各岛弧(除马里亚纳岛弧为洋壳型弧外)均由陆壳型弧和洋壳型弧组成,并且左端与大陆相连,右端被后形成的岛弧所截。整个岛弧系列,从中生代末期开始发育至今,由北向南依次发展,规律明显。 相似文献
16.
In the area around Delgo in north-east Sudan a narrow NNE-trending Neoproterozoic belt of low grade volcanosedimentary rocks is fringed by high grade migmatitic basement blocks. The volcanosedimentary sequence is structurally overlain by a rock body of several kilometres length, which is composed of metamorphosed ultramafic and mafic rocks. This sequence is interpreted as an island arc-ophiolite association representing a suture zone.With respect to their degrees of metamorphism and their structural characteristics, the lithological units of the Delgo area are significantly different from the adjacent basement rocks in the east and west. The lithological contacts of the metavolcanic-metasedimentary rocks with the basement rocks are often marked by intermediate-dipping mylonites which are locally overprinted by ductile to brittle-ductile strike-slip faults.The Delgo suture evolved through the subduction-related closure of an oceanic basin and final collision of the island arc with the migmatitic basement blocks on either side of the oceanic basin. Peak metamorphism of deeply buried back-arc basin sequences occurred at around 700 Ma ago. During the collision stage, island arc rocks, passive margin sequences and ophiolitic rocks were thrust to the east and west over the basement blocks, causing limited crustal thickening and a minor isostatic rebound.Lithospheric extension associated with increasing heat flow caused migmatization in the basement between ca. 580 and 540 Ma ago. The development of numerous intermediate-dipping mylonitic shear zones at decreasing temperatures post-dates the migmatization. Lithospheric extension may explain the juxtaposition of rocks which were formed and/or metamorphosed at significantly different crustal levels. 相似文献
17.
John A. Katili 《Tectonophysics》1978,45(4):289-322
Sulawesi with its peculiar K-shaped pattern is situated in an area where the Eurasian, Indian—Australian and Pacific plates interact and collide.Complex geological processess in this area resulted in the transformation of a normal island-arc structure into an inverted one, deformation of an already tectonized belt, sweeping of fragments against unrelated terrain, thrusting of oceanic and mantle material over the island arc, closing of deep-sea basins behind the arc, trapping of old oceanic crust caused by the rolling up of an island arc, formation of a marginal basin by the spreading of the sea floor behind the arc, development of small subduction zones with reverse polarities etc.Small deep-sea basins surrounding Sulawesi such as the Gulf of Bone and the Gulf of Gorontalo originally formed the arc—trench gap of the Sulawesi island arc.The Banda Sea is considered as an oceanic crust trapped by the bending of the east—west trending Banda arc due to the northward drift of Australia combined with the westward movement of the Pacific plate. Similarly the Sulawesi Sea consists of an old Pacific crust trapped by the westward bending of the Sulawesi island arc, caused by the spearheading westward thrust along the Sorong transform-fault system, in which later a minor spreading center became active in its central part. The Molucca Sea comprises tectonic mélange in which presumably a small spreading center developed between the two colliding arcs of northern Sulawesi and western Halmahera. While the Benioff zones dip under the northern Sulawesi and Halmahera arcs in normal fashion, the mélange thrusts over them. The Strait of Makassar is a marginal basin which was brought into existence by the spreading of the sea floor between Kalimantan and Sulawesi.The evolution of Sulawesi started in Miocene time or even earlier when 800 km east of Kalimantan a north—south trending east-facing island arc came into existence, originating from a spreading center located in the Pacific Ocean. Volcanism and plutonism accompanied this subduction process.Collision between Sulawesi and the Australian—New Guinea plate which occurred in early Pliocene time severely transformed Sulawesi into an island with its convex side turned towards the continent, at the same time causing obduction of ophiolite in the eastern arc of this island.The movement of the Pacific plate continued and gradually pushed Sulawesi towards the Asian continent, resulting in the closing of the sea between Kalimantan and Sulawesi islands separated by small straits and deep seas resembling the complicated pattern of the Philippine Archipelago, in which the original double island-arc structure can no longer be recognized. 相似文献
18.
Seiichi Miura Shuichi Kodaira Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Narumi Takahashi Naoshi Hirata Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2003,363(1-2):79-102
The Japan Trench is a plate convergent zone where the Pacific Plate is subducting below the Japanese islands. Many earthquakes occur associated with plate convergence, and the hypocenter distribution is variable along the Japan Trench. In order to investigate the detailed structure in the southern Japan Trench and to understand the variation of seismicity around the Japan Trench, a wide-angle seismic survey was conducted in the southern Japan Trench fore-arc region in 1998. Ocean bottom seismometers (15) were deployed on two seismic lines: one parallel to the trench axis and one perpendicular. Velocity structures along two seismic lines were determined by velocity modeling of travel time ray-tracing method. Results from the experiment show that the island arc Moho is 18–20 km in depth and consists of four layers: Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, island arc upper and lower crust. The uppermost mantle of the island arc (mantle wedge) extends to 110 km landward of the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is laterally heterogeneous: 7.4 km/s at the tip of the mantle wedge and 7.9 km/s below the coastline. An interplate layer is constrained in the subducting oceanic crust. The thickness of the interplate layer is about 1 km for a velocity of 4 km/s. Interplate layer at the plate boundary may cause weak interplate coupling and low seismicity near the trench axis. Low P-wave velocity mantle wedge is also consistent with weak interplate coupling. Thick interplate layer and heterogeneous P-wave velocity of mantle wedge may be associated with the variation of seismic activity. 相似文献
19.
In the Late Cretaceous starting from the early Coniacian, three parallel suprasubduction structural units have developed contemporaneously in the northwestern Paleopacific framework: (1) the Okhotsk-Chukchi arc at the Asian continental margin, (2) the West Kamchatka and Essoveem ensialic arcs at the northwestern margins of the Kamchatka and Central Koryak continental blocks, and (3) the Achaivayam-Valagin ensimatic arc that extended to the southwest as the Lesser Kuril ensialic arc at the southern margin of the Sea of Okhotsk continental block. In this setting, the geodynamics of the Paleopacific plates exerted an effect only on the evolution of the outer (relative to the continent) ensimatic island arc, whereas the vast inner region between this arc and the continent evolved independently. As is seen from the character of the gravity field and seismic refractor velocity, the Kamchatka and Sea of Okhotsk continental blocks differ in the structure of the consolidated crust. These blocks collided with each other and the Asian continent in the middle Campanian (77 Ma ago). The extensive pre-Paleogene land that existed on the place of the present-day Sea of Okhotsk probably supplied the terrigenous material deposited since the late Campanian on the oceanic crust of the backarc basin to the south of the rise of inner continental blocks as the Khozgon, Lesnaya, and Ukelayat flysch complexes. The accretion of the Olyutor (Achaivayam) and Valagin segments of the ensimatic arc had different consequences due to the difference in thickness of the Earth’s crust. The Valagin segment was formed on an older basement and had a much greater thickness of the crust than the Olyutor segment. As follows from computations and the results of physical modeling, the island arcs having crust more than 25 km in thickness collide with the continental margin and are thrust over the latter. In the case under consideration, the thrusting of the Valagin segment led to metamorphism of the underlying rocks. The crust of the Olyutor segment was much thinner. The contact of this segment with the continental margin resulted only in surficial accretion, which did not bring about metamorphism, and the underlying lithospheric plate continued to plunge into the subduction zone. 相似文献