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1.
湖南衡阳关帝庙花岗岩岩基形成时代及物质来源探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文通过对湖南省衡阳市关帝庙花岗岩岩基的岩石地球化学、LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学等综合研究,参照前人研究成果,探讨关帝庙花岗岩岩基的岩石地球化学性质、形成时代、物质来源以及形成机制。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为223.4±1.9Ma。岩石以富硅、富碱、高钾钙碱性、准铝质,轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K)富集,重稀土元素、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和Ba、Sr等元素亏损为特征。全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素显示较高的Sr初始比值((87Sr/86 Sr)i=0.712005~0.713631),低的Nd初始比值(εNd(t)=-9.95~-9.59),老的二阶段模式年龄(TDM2=1.78~1.81Ga)以及相对均一的Pb同位素组成,(206Pb/204 Pb)i、(207 Pb/204 Pb)i和(208 Pb/204 Pb)i值分别介于18.161~18.316、15.686~15.743、38.622~38.772之间。印支晚期,华南地区处于造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境挤压峰期之后的伸展环境,应力减弱或挤压松弛体制之下,幔源基性岩浆底侵,诱发古元古界地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,沿着断裂构造运移侵位,形成了关帝庙花岗岩岩基。 相似文献
2.
黑龙江三矿沟铁铜矿床花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年、岩石成因及构造意义 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9
黑龙江三矿沟Fe-Cu矿床是中亚造山带东段大兴安岭北部裸河-多宝山-三矿沟NW向成矿带中矽卡岩型矿床的典型代表。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明,与成矿密切相关的黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石谐和年龄和238U/206Pb加权平均年岭分别为175.9±1.6Ma和175.9±1.1Ma,二者在误差范围内具有良好的一致性,表明多宝山成矿区在早侏罗世晚期存在一期重要的岩浆-热液成矿事件。三矿沟花岗闪长岩的元素地球化学特征具有岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学亲缘性:岩石富钠(Na2O/K2O=1.39~1.59),准铝质(A/CNK=0.87~0.91),富集轻稀土元素(LREE),(La/Yb)N=8.02~10.45,Eu显示弱负异常(δEu=0.82~0.98),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K)和元素地球化学性质活泼的不相容元素(U、Th、Pb),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti)。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析结果表明:三矿沟花岗闪长岩具有低的Sr同位素初始比值((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7041~0.7045)、高的Nd同位素初始比值((143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512556~0.512576)、正的εNd(t)值(2.8~3.9)、年轻的二阶段亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM2=647~733Ma)和幔源铅同位素组成特征((206Pb/204Pb)t=18.121~18.418;(207Pb/204Pb)t=15.480~15.511;(208Pb/204Pb)t=37.628~37.713),上述同位素地球化学特征均显示花岗闪长质岩浆主要源于亏损地幔源区。结合东北地区区域构造演化和岩体微量元素及同位素组成特征反映该矿床形成于岛弧的构造背景,其形成可能与侏罗纪古太平洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关。 相似文献
3.
山东邹平青山下亚组玄武安山岩源区性质及成因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过岩石的显微观察、全岩元素地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成等综合研究,参照前人的研究成果,探讨邹平火山岩盆地内青山下亚组玄武安山岩的岩石地球化学性质、物质来源及岩石成因。研究表明,岩石富钠、富镁,具有大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)相对亏损的地球化学特征。全岩Sr同位素初始比值(87 Sr/86 Sr)i为0.705674~0.705876;全岩Nd同位素初始比值εNd(t)为-10.0~-10.2,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.74~1.75Ga;全岩铅同位素初始比值(206Pb/204Pb)i介于16.917~17.095之间,(207Pb/204Pb)i介于15.306~15.396之间,(208Pb/204Pb)i介于36.750~37.208之间;较低的Sr-Nd初始比值及较均一的低放射性铅同位素组成,可能为EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融所致。晚中生代加厚的华北岩石圈发生大规模拆沉作用,拆沉的大陆中下地壳部分熔融形成富硅熔体与古生代岩石圈地幔相互作用形成富集地幔,随后在岩石圈伸展与区域热异常作用下减压部分熔融,形成的玄武安山质岩浆沿着深大构造侵入地壳上部或喷发至地表,形成青山下亚组玄武安山岩,但是岩浆上侵过程中地壳物质混染不强。该研究对深化鲁西地区晚中生代构造-岩浆作用的认识有一定的理论意义。 相似文献
4.
本文对宁国竹溪岭地区的花岗闪长岩进行了系统的研究,包括岩相学观察、全岩地球化学分析、锆石U-Pb年龄测定以及Hf同位素分析等工作。全岩主微量元素分析结果表明,竹溪岭岩体具有高硅、低镁、富钾的主量元素特征,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr等,Sr/Y比值低,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Ti,显示明显的Pb正异常。岩体中存在Zr/Hf比值的异常,Zr/Hf为21.5~26.7,明显低于平均地壳的Zr/Hf值(35.5)。推测认为可能是锆石的分离结晶所造成。根据锆石的U-Pb和Hf同位素分析结果,竹溪岭花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为140Ma左右,属于中生代燕山期早白垩世的侵入岩;锆石的εHf(t)多为负值(2.3 ~ -4.76)。结合地质背景,竹溪岭花岗闪长岩形成于弧后的拉长环境,与太平洋板块俯冲之后的回撤作用有关。 相似文献
5.
冀北东猴顶A型花岗岩成因:岩石地球化学、锆石
U Pb年代学及Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf同位素制约 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对河北丰宁地区前人所定的东猴顶正长斑岩和石英正长斑岩进行了岩石学、锆石U Pb年代学、元素地球化学以及Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf同位素分析。LA MC ICP MS锆石U Pb测年和岩石学显示东猴顶岩体为早白垩世(~129Ma)钾长花岗斑岩,而非前人认为的侏罗纪—白垩纪正长斑岩和石英正长斑岩。东猴顶岩体具有高硅(6907%~7300%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O:900%~1056%)和FeO(全铁)/MgO比值大的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列;岩石富集轻稀土,负铕异常明显(δEu:025~041),相对富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf、Th、U、Y等高场强元素,亏损Ca、Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Cr、Ni、Co等元素,Ga/Al比值高,具A型花岗岩特征,可能形成于伸展环境构造体制。岩体n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)i=070815~071197,εNd(t)值为-132~-168,对应的二阶段模式年龄(T2DM)为20~23Ga;全岩n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)i=16745~16765,n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)i=15372~15394,n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)i=37706~37794;锆石Hf同位素组成为εHf(t)值=-207 ~ -92,二阶段模式年龄(TDMC)为19~26 Ga。同位素特征表明岩体源岩可能主要来自壳源物质。考虑到华北克拉通东部地壳生长的主要时期为新太古代,因此,东猴顶岩体的岩浆来源于太古代地壳物质和部分亏损地幔物质的混合源区,是华北克拉通北缘中生代岩石圈强烈减薄、地壳伸展作用的结果。 相似文献
6.
延边小西南岔金铜矿区早白垩世英云闪长岩的岩石成因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
锆石U-Pb测年结果表明小西南岔富金铜矿床矿区内的英云闪长岩形成于(112±1)Ma。该英云闪长岩富Na2O和Al2O3,高Sr、LREE(轻稀土元素),低Y、Yb和HREE(重稀土元素)(如Sr=369~774μg/g,(La/Yb)CN=7.5~17.5),具有类似于埃达克质岩石的元素地球化学特征。在同位素组成上具中等放射成因Sr((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7044~0.7048)、Nd(εNd(t)=+0.5~+1.7)和Hf(εHf(t)=+5.4~+8.6,ΔεHf=2.3~4.2)同位素,高放射成因Pb((206Pb/204Pb)i=18.40~18.60;(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.56~18.60;(208Pb/204Pb)i=38.22~38.36)同位素的特点。结合区域构造背景以及古太平洋板块俯冲历史,笔者倾向认为该岩体可能是玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳部分熔融形成的,而非板片熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆,岩浆源区为石榴子石角闪岩相向角闪岩相过渡的岩石。该岩体侵位的晚古生代((257±3)Ma)镁铁质围岩的角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄为(110.1±1.5)Ma,与英云闪长岩的侵位时间一致,暗示晚古生代镁铁质侵入岩经历的热液事件与英云闪长岩的侵位作用存在成因联系,区域金铜矿化可能为早白垩世岩浆热液作用下成矿物质富集而形成。 相似文献
7.
海南屯昌早白垩世晚期埃达克质侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学与岩石成因 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
海南岛屯昌地区侵入岩由花岗闪长岩、花岗岩及少量辉绿-闪长玢岩(脉)、镁铁质包体组成。本文报道了这些侵入岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb 定年结果和地球化学组成, 定年结果显示岩石形成于早白垩世晚期(~107 Ma)。地球化学特征显示, 花岗闪长岩和花岗岩具有高的SiO2、Al2O3 含量以及高的Sr 含量和Sr/Y 比值, 低的Y 和Yb 含量, Eu 异常不明显等, 属于埃达克质岩。屯昌埃达克质岩具有比较均一的Sr、Nd 同位素组成(ISr=0.7082~ 0.7096, εNd(t)=?6.55~ ?3.85)。镁铁质岩脉和包体则显示了稍低的ISr (0.7064~0.7086)和变化的εNd(t) (?5.10~ +0.13)。埃达克质岩的锆石原位Hf 同位素组成为: (176Hf/177Hf)i = 0.28257~0.28277, εHf(t)= ?4.86~ +2.09, 相应的两阶段模式年龄TDM2 变化于1.09 Ga 和1.54 Ga 之间。闪长玢岩脉的(176Hf/177Hf)i =
0.28257~0.28264, εHf(t) = ?4.94~ ?2.42, TDM2=1.38~1.55 Ga, 类似于埃达克质岩。屯昌埃达克质岩很可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳物质部分熔融所形成, 俯冲的古太平洋板块在早白垩世晚期(约107 Ma)的后撤作用所
导致的软流圈上涌为地壳熔融提供了热源。 相似文献
8.
西藏冈底斯中段晚侏罗世许如错花岗岩的岩石成因对理解特提斯洋演化具有重要的意义。本次系统研究了许如错地区似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素、全岩元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素。许如错花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为152.3±0.7 Ma,形成于晚侏罗世。SiO2和Al2O3质量分数较高,平均值分别为71.3%和14.2%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)较高(1.10~1.23),属于强过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集大离子亲石元素(Rb, Th和K)、轻稀土元素和Pb等;亏损高场强元素(Nb, Ta, Ti和P),重稀土元素,Eu, Sr和Ba等。锆石εHf(t)值(-12.5~-16.9)、全岩87Sr/86Sr(t)初始值(0.715~0.717)、εNd(t)值(-14.2~-14.5)和Pb同位素初始值(208Pb/204Pb(t),207 相似文献
9.
新疆巴尔鲁克地区石屋岩体主要由石英闪长玢岩、石英闪长岩组成。本文通过锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素等研究,探讨其构造背景、岩石成因和成矿意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明:石屋石英闪长玢岩的成岩年龄为322.1±1.5Ma,石英闪长岩的形成年龄为322.4±1.5Ma,二者形成时代为晚石炭世。石屋石英闪长玢岩和石英闪长岩地球化学特征相似,Mg~#为32.4~57.2,轻重稀土分馏较明显且富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=2.36~6.04),Eu异常不明显,相对富集LILEs等,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素显示:样品具有低的ISr值(0.7036~0.7045),正εNd(t)值(+4.61~+7.03),年轻的tDM1年龄(0.59~0.78Ga),初始铅同位素比值为(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)i=18.173~18.450,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)i=15.542~15.562,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)i=37.830~38.036,锆石εHf(t)值为+4.5~+15.3,t_(DM2)=0.36~0.62Ga。综合石屋岩体的地质、地球化学和年代学特征,认为石英闪长玢岩和石英闪长岩源区相同,它们均形成于晚石炭世早期俯冲背景下的岛弧环境,可能是在亏损玄武质岩浆(俯冲板片脱水交代地幔楔产生的上涌岩浆)底侵作用下,新生地壳发生部分熔融,并有部分玄武质岩浆加入,发生混合、侵位的产物。石屋岩体的形成环境及其岩浆演化过程可能有利于区内斑岩型铜矿化,其含矿性值得做进一步评价。 相似文献
10.
鲁西早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性:大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素制约 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和全岩地球化学及全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的研究为探讨鲁西地区早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性提供了制约。结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩中少量锆石和辉绿岩中锆石发育条痕状吸收,具有相对高的Th/U比值(0.11~3.12),暗示它们均为岩浆成因,辉长岩中多数为岩浆成因的捕获锆石。辉长岩和辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为132±3Ma和112±1Ma;辉长岩中捕获锆石的谐和年龄主要介于2469~1752Ma之间,暗示古老地壳物质的存在。辉长岩和辉绿岩整体具有低Si O_2(49.08%~52.61%)、高MgO(4.52%~9.67%)、Na_2O含量(2.58%~3.49%)以及高Mg~#值(45~65)特征;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)、贫重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf),其(La/Yb)_N=8.98~10.2,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.83~0.93)。辉长岩的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化于0.7046~0.7060之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-16.71~-15.54之间,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb初始比值分别为16.596~16.776、15.255~15.290和36.328~36.648。辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-12.0~-2.5之间。上述结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩形成于早白垩世,与华北克拉通东部早白垩世岩石圈减薄的峰期时间一致;起源于受华北克拉通古老下地壳物质改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。 相似文献
11.
Spinel lherzolite found in Damaping, northern Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province occurs as xenoliths in the Hannuoba basalts that
consist of alkali basalt and tholeiite. Spinel lherzolites contain 50%–70% olivine (Fo: 90%), 10%–20% clinopyroxene (predominantly
Di), 10%–30% orthopyroxene (predominantly En), and less than 5% spinel.3He/4He and40Ar/38Ar ratios in the olivine are 7.56×10−7 and 299.1, respectively.3He/4He and40Ar/38Ar ratios in the orthopyroxene (enstatite) are 9.1×10−7 and 307, respectively. Olivine grains are fractured irregularly, and pyroxene grains characterized by well developed cleavages,
which would have resulted from explosion during the rapid eruption of lava from the deep interior to the surface. The lower
isotope ratios of helium and argon may indicate that the spinel lherzolite xenoliths were derived from the strongly degassed
and depleted upper mantle, and that the mantle is inhomogeneous.3He losses to some extent might affect the helium isotope ratios.
The project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49273185). 相似文献
12.
This paper briefly introduces twenty-one versions of garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange geothermometry,points out the sources of systematic errors inherent in geothermometry.The sources lie in that:(1) ideal Fe-Mg mixing in garnet and biotite is assumed;(2)non-ideal properties of bot garnet and biotite are not considered completely;(3) minor elements-Mn, Ca in garnet,and Al^Ⅵ,Ti,Mn in biotite are almost neglected;(4)effects of pressure on equilibrium,although little,are almost not taken into consideration,and experiments were conducted at one fixed pressure;(5)the data used for egression analysis is too scarce in quantity;(6)internal consistency of the data used for empirical calibration is not fully guaranteed;(7) the authors take energy parameters W‘s(Margule‘s parametrs)independent of pressure and temperature,though the former are actually the functions of the latter items;and (8)the most important composition-activity relationship is not consistent with the mineral compositions used for calibration.Furthermore,it is believed that empirical calibrations cannot avoid the following problems;(1) effect of retrograde metamorphism;(2)inconsistent data set;(3)effect of pressure on temperature estimation;and (4)effect of Fe^3 calculation.Exact experimental work should be done in order to accurately calibrate the geotermometer in which the Margule‘s parameters should be treated as the functions of pressure,temperature,and mineral compositions. 相似文献
13.
The variation of the oxygen content in olivines, (Fe
x
Mg1−
x
)2SiO4, with 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, was investigated by thermogravimetric measurements. Mass changes occurring upon oxygen activity changes were measured
as a function of oxygen activity and cationic composition at 1130 and 1200 °C. During the measurements the samples were in
direct contact with gases containing CO, CO2 and N2 and, at a few spots at the bottom of the sample stack, also with SiO2. By fitting experimental data of mass changes to equations derived using point defect thermodynamics, it was shown for olivines
with 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 at 1130 °C and 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 at 1200 °C within the oxygen activity ranges investigated that the observed variations in the oxygen contents are compatible
with cation vacancies and Fe3+ ions on M sites and Fe3+ ions on silicon sites as majority defects if it is assumed that only three types of point defects occur as majority defects.
Different cases were considered, closed systems, taking into account that ξ=[Si]/([Si]+[Fe]+[Mg]) is not necessarily equal
to 1/3, and olivines in equilibrium with SiO2 or pyroxenes. The oxygen content variations observed in this study are significantly smaller than those reported previously
in the literature. It is proposed that these differences are related to the dissolution of Fe into noble metal containers
used as sample holders in earlier studies and/or to the presence of secondary phases.
Received: 1 November 1995 / Accepted: 15 September 2002
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR), a Materials Research Science and Engineering
Center of the National Science Foundation (DMR-0079992). The authors thank Mr. Daniel M. DiPasquo and Mr. Jason A. Schick
for helping in experimental work. 相似文献
14.
A new Rb−Sr age of 779±10 Ma has been obtained for a suite of andesite-daciterhyolite from the Malani Igneous Province of
southwestern Rajasthan, dated earlier at 745±10 Ma by Crawford and Compston (1970). The associated basalts may be slightly
younger than the felsic volcanics and have a mantle source. The felsic volcanics on the other hand were most probably derived
by fractional crystallization of a crustal magma (Srivastavaet al 1989a, b).40Ar−39Ar systematics of three samples viz., a basalt, a dacite and a rhyolite show disturbed age spectra indicating a thermal event
around 500–550 Ma ago. This secondary thermal event is quite wide-spread and possibly related to the Pan-African thermo-tectonic
episode observed in the Himalayas and south India. 相似文献
15.
Mingqin He Jiajun Liu Chaoyang Li Zhiming Li Yuping Liu Aiping Yang Haiqing Sang 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(4):342-348
40Ar−39Ar fast neutron activation age spectrum of quartz in ore collected from the Baiyangping Cu−Co polymetallic ore-concentrated
area, Lanping Basin, is saddle-shaped. The plateau age, minimum appearance age and isochron age shown on the spectra are 56.53±0.43
Ma, 55.52±1.78 Ma and 55.90±0.29 Ma respectively. The age data are consistent with each other within 1σ uncertainties. Because
the given initial40Ar/36Ar value of 294.7±1.14 is very close to Nier's value (295.5±5), both plateau and isochron ages may be considered as the forming
time of quartz. So the age of 55.90–56.53 Ma represents the forming age of ore deposits. It is obvious that the ore deposits
were formed during the Early Himalayan period.
This research project was granted by the State Basic Research, Development and Planning Program (G1999043208) and the Foundation
Projects of Yunnan Provincial Education Department (No. 0142104). 相似文献
16.
Jason B. Burt Nancy L. Ross G. V. Gibbs George R. Rossman Kevin M. Rosso 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(5):295-306
Potential protonation sites for, kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite, located in a mapping of the (3, −3) critical points
displayed by their L(r) = −∇2ρ(r) distributions, are compared with polarized single-crystal FTIR spectra of kyanite and sillimanite determined earlier and
with andalusite measured in this study. For andalusite, seven peaks were observed when the electric vector, E, is parallel to [100]: four intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, 3,526, and 3,597 cm−1 and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm−1. Six peaks, three intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, and 3,526 cm−1 and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm−1 when E parallels [010]. No peaks were observed when E is parallel to [001]. The concentration of water in andalusite varies between 110 and 168 ppm by weight % H2O. Polarized FTIR spectra indicate that the OH vector is parallel to (001) in andalusite and sillimanite and
in kyanite. Examination of the L(r) (3, −3) critical points in comparison with the polarized FTIR indicates that H prefers to bond to the oxygen atoms O1 and
O2 in andalusite and O2 and O4 in sillimanite which correspond to the underbonded oxygen atoms and those with the largest
L(r) maxima. In kyanite, comparison of the FTIR spectrum and the critical points indicates that H will preferentially bond to
the two 4-coordinated O2 and O6 atoms. 相似文献
17.
《Mathematical Geology》1978,10(5):543-554
Data from 34 Ni−Cu deposits of the 315c-striking, 420-km long, and 10–40-km wide Kotalahtinickel belt have been recorded in the previously described system of the
Ore Data File of Finland. For comparison data from four Ni−Cu deposits outside the belt have been collected. The statistical
treatment of the data begins with cluster analysis and four classes are distinguished on the basis of 303 data elements. These
classes form eight groups within the linear belt. Two groups containing the largest deposits, Hitura and Kotalahti, are processed
by characteristic analysis, and factor analysis is applied to test the interdependence of the characteristics.
This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications
in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977. 相似文献
18.
An olivine grain from a peridotite nodule 9206 (Udachnaya kimberlite, Siberia) was investigated by TEM methods including
AEM, HRTEM, SAED and EELS techniques. A previous study of the 9206 olivine sample revealed OH absorption bands in the IR spectrum
and abundant nanometer-sized OH-bearing inclusions, of hexagonal-like or lamellar shape. Inclusions, which are several hundred
nm in size, consist of 10 ? phase, talc and serpentine (chrysotile and lizardite). The lamellar (LI) and hexagon-like small
inclusions of several ten nm in size (SI) are the topic of the present paper. AEM investigations of the inclusions reveal
Mg, Fe and Si as cations only. The Mg/Si and Fe/Si atomic ratios are lower in the inclusions than in the host olivine. The
Si concentration in the olivine host and both lamellar inclusions and small inclusions is the same. A pre-peak at 528eV was
observed in EEL spectra of LI and SI, which is attributed to OH− or Fe3+. From these data it is concluded that there is a OH−- or Fe3+-bearing cation-deficient olivine-like phase present.
HRTEM lattice fringe images of LI and SI exhibit modulated band-like contrasts, which are superimposed onto the olivine lattice.
Diffraction patterns (Fourier-transforms) of the HREM images as well as SAED patterns show that the band-like contrasts in
HRTEM images of the inclusions are caused by periodic modulations of the olivine lattice. Three kinds of superperiodicity
in the olivine structure such as 2a, 3a and 3c, were observed in SAED patterns. The corresponding olivine supercells labelled
here as Hy-2a, Hy-3a and Hy-3c were derived. The M1-vacancies located in the (100) and (001) octahedral layers of the olivine
lattice are suggested to form ordered arrays of planar defects (PD), which cause the band-like contrasts in HRTEM patterns
as well as the superperiodicity in the SAED patterns.
The vacancy concentrations as well as the chemical composition of Hy-2a, Hy-3a and Hy-3c olivine supercells were calculated
using crystal chemical approaches, assuming either {(OH)<
O−V"
Me−(OH)<
O}↔, or {F
e
<
Fe
−H
Me
′}↔ or {2F
e
<
Fe
−V
Me
"}↔ point defect associates. The calculated theoretical compositions Mg1.615Fe+2
0.135v0.25SiO4H0.5 (Hy-2a) and Mg1.54Fe2+
0.12v0.33SiO4H0.66 (Hy-3a and Hy-3c) are in a good agreement with the AEM data on inclusions. Hy-2a, Hy-3a and Hy-3c are considered to be a
hydrous olivine with the extended chemical formula (Mg1-yFe2+
y)2−xvxSiO4H2x. The crystal structure of hydrous olivine is proposed to be a modular olivine structure with Mg-vacant modules. The crystal
chemical formula of hydrous olivines in terms of a modular structure can be written as [MgSiO4H2] · 3[Mg1.82Fe0.18SiO4] for Hy-2a, [MgSiO4H2] · 2[Mg1.82Fe0.18SiO4] for Hy-3a and Hy-3c.
Hydrous olivine is suggested to be exsolved from the olivine 9206, which has been initially saturated by OH-bearing point
defects. The olivine 9206 hydration as well as the following exsolution of hydrous olivine inclusions is suggested to occur
at high pressure-high temperature conditions of the upper mantle.
Received: 15 January 2001 / Accepted: 2 July 2001 相似文献
19.
Monika Koch-Müller Stanislav S. Matsyuk Dieter Rhede Richard Wirth Natasha Khisina 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(4):276-287
The incorporation of hydrogen in mantle olivine xenocrysts from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). IR spectra were collected in the OH stretching region on oriented single crystals using a conventional IR source at ambient conditions and in situ at temperatures down to −180°C as well as with IR synchrotron radiation. The IR spectra of the samples are complex containing more than 20 strongly polarized OH bands in the range 3,730–3,330 cm−1. Bands at high energies (3,730–3,670 cm−1) were assigned to inclusions of serpentine, talc and the 10 Å phase. All other bands are believed to be intrinsic to olivine. The corresponding point defects are (a) associated with vacant Si sites (3,607 cm−1 E || a, 3,597 E || a, 3,571 cm−1 E || c, 3,567 E || c, and 3,556 E || b), and (b) with vacant M1 sites (most of the bands polarized parallel to a). From the pleochroic behavior and position of the OH bands associated with the vacant M1 sites, we propose two types of hydrogen—one bonded to O1 and another to O2, so that both OH vectors are strongly aligned parallel to a. The O2–H groups may be responsible for the OH bands at higher wavenumbers than those for the O1–H groups. The multiplicity of the corresponding OH bands in the spectra can be explained by different chemical environments and by slightly different distortions of the M1 sites in these high-pressure olivines. Four samples were investigated by SIMS. The calculated integral molar absorption coefficient using the IR and SIMS results of 37,500±5,000 L mol H2O cm−2 is within the uncertainties slightly higher than the value determined by Bell et al. (J Geophys Res 108(B2):2105–2113, 2003) (28,450±1,830 L mol H2O cm−2). The reason for the difference is the different distributions of the absorption intensity of the spectra of both studies (mean wavenumber 3,548 vs. 3,570 cm−1). Olivine samples with a mean wavenumber of about 3,548 cm−1 should be quantified with the absorption coefficient as determined in this study; those containing more bands at higher wavenumber (mean wavenumber 3,570 cm−1) should be quantified using the value determined by Bell et al. (J Geophys Res 108(B2):2105–2113, 2003).
相似文献
Monika Koch-MüllerEmail: Phone: +49-331-2881492 |
20.
N. Shimobayashi A. Miyake M. Kitamura E. Miura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(9):591-599
Phase transition between low-temperature clinoenstatite (LT-CEn) and high-temperature clinoenstatite (HT-CEn) was studied
by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, based on empirical potential parameters. Starting from LT-CEn, the MD calculations
were carried out at atmospheric pressure and at elevated pressures (1–6 GPa). At elevated temperatures the transformation
from the starting LT-CEn to HT-CEn occurred at any pressure. It was confirmed that the HT-CEn has the same space group C2/c as diopside but the M2 site is six-coordinated, unlike diopside. A significant difference in the MD-simulated cell volumes
between LT-CEn and HT-CEn was also observed, showing a first-order transition. In addition, there were some temperature ranges
where LT-CEN and HT-CEn would be coexistent and very small thermal hystereses between increasing and decreasing temperatures
during the transition. These behaviors are consistent with the characteristic of a thermoelastic-martensitic transformation.
The phase boundary between LT-CEn and HT-CEn was determined for the first time. Its positive dT/dP slope strongly shows that the high-pressure clinoenstatite is a significantly distinct phase from HT-CEn although the both
phases have the same space group, C2/c.
Received: 8 November 2000 / Accepted: 28 April 2001 相似文献