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1.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1973-2002
Dolomitization is commonly associated with crustal‐scale faults, but tectonic rejuvenation, diagenetic overprinting and a fluid and Mg mass‐imbalance often makes it difficult to determine the dolomitization mechanism. This study considers differential dolomitization of the Eocene Thebes Formation on the Hammam Faraun Fault block, Gulf of Suez, which has undergone a simple history of burial and exhumation as a result of rifting. Stratabound dolostone bodies occur selectively within remobilized sediments (debrites and turbidites) in the lower Thebes Formation and extend into the footwall of, and for up to 2 km away from, the Hammam Faraun Fault. They are offset by the north–south trending Gebel fault, which was active during the earliest phases of rifting, suggesting that dolomitization occurred between rift initiation (26 Ma) and rift climax (15 Ma). Geochemical data suggest that dolomitization occurred from evaporated (ca 1·43 concentration) seawater at less than ca 80°C. Geothermal convection is interpreted to have occurred as seawater was drawn down surface‐breaching faults into the Nubian sandstone aquifer, convected and discharged into the lower Thebes Formation via the Hammam Faraun Fault. Assuming a ca 10 Myr window for dolomitization, a horizontal velocity of ca 0·7 m year−1 into the Thebes Formation is calculated, with fluid flux and reactivity likely to have been facilitated by fracturing. Although fluids were at least marginally hydrothermal, stratabound dolostone bodies do not contain saddle dolomite and there is no evidence of hydrobrecciation. This highlights how misleading dolostone textures can be as a proxy for the genesis and spatial distribution of such bodies in the subsurface. Overall, this study provides an excellent example of how fluid flux may occur during the earliest phases of rifting, and the importance of crustal‐scale faults on fluid flow from the onset of their growth. Furthermore, this article presents a mechanism for dolomitization from seawater that has none of the inherent mass balance problems of classical, conceptual models of hydrothermal dolomitization. 相似文献
2.
Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian (Givetian) carbonates from the Guilin area, South China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Pervasive dolomites occur preferentially in the stromatoporoid biostromal (or reefal) facies in the basal Devonian (Givetian) carbonate rocks in the Guilin area, South China. The amount of dolomites, however, decreases sharply in the overlying Frasnian carbonate rocks. Dolostones are dominated by replacement dolomites with minor dolomite cements. Replacement dolomites include: (1) fine to medium, planar‐e floating dolomite rhombs (Rd1); (2) medium to coarse, planar‐s patchy/mosaic dolomites (Rd2); and (3) medium to very coarse non‐planar anhedral mosaic dolomites (Rd3). They post‐date early submarine cements and overlap with stylolites. Two types of dolomite cements were identified: planar coarse euhedral dolomite cements (Cd1) and non‐planar (saddle) dolomite cements (Cd2); they post‐date replacement dolomites and predate late‐stage calcite cements that line mouldic vugs and fractures. The replacement dolomites have δ18O values from ?13·7 to ?9·7‰ VPDB, δ13C values from ?2·7 to + 1·5‰ VPDB and 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0·7082 to 0·7114. Fluid inclusion data of Rd3 dolomites yield homogenization temperatures (Th) of 136–149 °C and salinities of 7·2–11·2 wt% NaCl equivalent. These data suggest that the replacive dolomitization could have occurred from slightly modified sea water and/or saline basinal fluids at relatively high temperatures, probably related to hydrothermal activities during the latest Givetian–middle Fammenian and Early Carboniferous times. Compared with replacement dolomites, Cd2 cements yield lower δ18O values (?14·2 to ?9·3‰ VPDB), lower δ13C values (?3·0 to ?0·7‰ VPDB), higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (≈ 0·7100) and higher Th values (171–209 °C), which correspond to trapping temperatures (Tr) between 260 and 300 °C after pressure corrections. These data suggest that the dolomite cements precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal fluids, derived from underlying siliciclastic deposits, and were associated with more intense hydrothermal events during Permian–Early Triassic time, when the host dolostones were deeply buried. The petrographic similarities between some replacement dolomites and Cd2 dolomite cements and the partial overlap in 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O values suggest neomorphism of early formed replacement dolomites that were exposed to later dolomitizing fluids. However, the dolomitization was finally stopped through invasion of meteoric water as a result of basin uplift induced by the Indosinian Orogeny from the early Middle Triassic, as indicated by the decrease in salinities in the dolomite cements in veins (5·1–0·4 wt% NaCl equivalent). Calcite cements generally yield the lowest δ18O values (?18·5 to ?14·3‰ VPDB), variable δ13C values (?11·3 to ?1·2‰ VPDB) and high Th values (145–170 °C) and low salinities (0–0·2 wt% NaCl equivalent), indicating an origin of high‐temperature, dilute fluids recharged by meteoric water in the course of basin uplift during the Indosinian Orogeny. Faults were probably important conduits that channelled dolomitizing fluids from the deeply buried siliciclastic sediments into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization (i.e. Rd3, Cd1 and Cd2). 相似文献
3.
塔里木盆地东部地区（简称塔东地区）寒武系白云岩主要有泥-粉晶白云岩、细晶白云岩和中-粗晶白云岩。通过岩石学特征、有序度、碳氧同位素、锶同位素比值、阴极发光和微量元素等分析,认为该地区有4种成因的白云岩,即深水回流准同生白云岩、潮坪蒸发泵准同生白云岩、回流渗透白云岩以及深埋藏白云岩。不同类型的白云岩,其岩性及地球化学特征不同。深水回流准同生白云岩为泥-粉晶白云岩,分布在塔东盆地中,是附近的碳酸盐岩台地上蒸发浓缩形成的咸化海水在重力作用下沿海底回流到深水盆地中并使刚沉积不久的灰泥发生白云化而形成的。潮坪蒸发泵准同生白云岩亦为泥-粉晶白云岩,形成于台地潮坪环境。回流渗透白云岩为细晶白云岩,发育于潮坪准同生白云岩和蒸发岩之下。深埋藏白云岩为中-粗晶白云岩,是石灰岩在地下深处由循环流动的富含Mg2+、Ca2+的地层水白云化形成的,Mg2+、Ca2+主要来自于已经存在的白云岩的溶蚀,而非来自页岩压实排替出来的地层水。 相似文献
4.
Fault-controlled dolomitization at Swan Hills Simonette oil field (Devonian), deep basin west-central Alberta, Canada 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The partly dolomitized Swan Hills Formation (Middle‐Upper Devonian) in the Simonette oil field of west‐central Alberta underwent a complex diagenetic history, which occurred in environments ranging from near surface to deep (>2500 m) burial. Five petrographically and geochemically distinct dolomites that include both cementing and replacive varieties post‐date stylolites in limestones (depths >500 m). These include early planar varieties and later saddle dolomites. Fluid inclusion data from saddle dolomite cements (Th=137–190 °C) suggest that some precipitated at burial temperatures higher than the temperatures indicated by reflectance data (Tpeak=160 °C). Thus, at least some dolomitizing fluids were ‘hydrothermal’. Fluorescence microscopy identified three populations of primary hydrocarbon‐bearing fluid inclusions and confirms that saddle dolomitization overlapped with Upper Cretaceous oil migration. The source of early dolomitizing fluids probably was Devonian or Mississippian seawater that was mixed with a more 87Sr‐rich fluid. Fabric‐destructive and fabric‐preserving dolostones are over 35 m thick in the Swan Hills buildup and basal platform adjacent to faults, thinning to less than 10 cm thick in the buildup between 5 and 8 km away from the faults. This ‘plume‐like’ geometry suggests that early and late dolomitization events were fault controlled. Late diagenetic fluids were, in part, derived from the crystalline basement or Palaeozoic siliciclastic aquifers, based on 87Sr/86Sr values up to 0·7370 from saddle dolomite, calcite and sphalerite cements, and 206Pb/204Pb of 22·86 from galena samples. Flow of dolomitizing and mineralizing fluids occurred during burial greater than 500 m, both vertically along reactivated faults and laterally in the buildup along units that retained primary and/or secondary porosity. 相似文献
5.
Tectonically driven dolomitization of Cambrian to Lower Ordovician carbonates of the Quruqtagh area,north‐eastern flank of Tarim Basin,north‐west China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shaofeng Dong Daizhao Chen Xiqiang Zhou Yixiong Qian Mi Tian Hairuo Qing 《Sedimentology》2017,64(4):1079-1106
Dolomites occur extensively in Cambrian to Lower Ordovician carbonates in the Tienshan orogen of the Quruqtagh area, north‐east Tarim Basin, where thick (up to 1 km), dark grey lenticular limestones of semi‐pelagic to pelagic origin are prominent. The dolomites generally occur as beige, anastomosed geobodies that cross‐cut well‐stratified limestones. Based on detailed field investigations and petrographic examination, three types of matrix dolomite are identified: fine crystalline planar‐e (Md1), fine to medium crystalline planar‐s (e) (Md2) and fine to coarse crystalline non‐planar‐a (Md3) dolomites. One type of cement dolomite, the non‐planar saddle dolomite (Cd), is also common. The preferential occurrence of Md1 along low‐amplitude stylolites points to a causal link to pressure dissolution by which minor Mg ions were probably released for replacive dolomitization during shallow burial compaction. Type Md2, Md3 and Cd dolomites, commonly co‐occurring within the fractured zones, have large overlaps in isotopic composition with that of host limestone, implying that dolomitizing fluids inherited their composition from remnant pore fluids or were buffered by the formation water of host limestones through water–rock interaction. However, the lower δ18O and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios of these dolomites also suggest more intense fluid–rock interaction at elevated temperature and inputs of Mg and radiogenic Sr from the host limestones with more argillaceous matter and possibly underlying Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata. Secondary tensional faults and fractures within a compressional tectonic regime were probably important conduits through which higher‐temperature Mg‐rich fluids that had been expelled from depth were driven by enhanced tectonic compression and heating during block overthrusting, forming irregular networks of dolomitized bodies enclosed within the host limestones. This scenario probably took place during the Late Hercynian orogeny, as the Tarim block collided with Tienshan island arc system to the north and north‐east. Subsequent downward recharges of meteoric fluids into the dolomitizing aquifer probably terminated dolomitization as a result of final closure of the South Tienshan Ocean (or Palaeo‐Asian Ocean) and significant tectonic uplift of the Tienshan orogen. This study demonstrates the constructive role of notably tensional (or transtensional) faulting/fracturing in channelling fluids upward as a result of intense tectonic compression and heating along overthrust planes on the convergent plate margin; however, a relatively short‐lived, low fluid flux may have limited the dolomitization exclusively within the fractured/faulted limestones in the overthrust sheets. 相似文献
6.
Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include (1) micritic dolomites (MD1); (2) fine–coarse euhedral floating dolomites (MD2); (3) fine–coarse euhedral dolomites (MD3); and (4) medium–very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites (MD4). Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement (CD1) that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ18O values of ?9.7‰ to ?3.0‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite); δ13C values of ?0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ18O values (?12.9‰ to ?9.1‰ VPDB); slightly lower δ13C values (?1.6‰–0.6‰ VPDB); higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709165–0.709764); and high homogenization temperature (Th) values (98°C–225°C) and salinities (6 wt%–24 wt% NaCl equivalent). Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration (58.6 ppm) and high Fe and Mn contents (1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively). These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
7.
The Jurassic rock sequence in Lebanon is characterized by pervasive dolomitization (thickness > 1000 m). Two distinct dolostones are recognized within this rock succession: fine-to-medium crystalline seepage-reflux grey dolostone and coarse-crystalline hydrothermal beige dolostone. In this contribution, field, petrographic, and geochemical investigations on a dolostone ‘tongue’, occurring in Late Jurassic carbonates in central Lebanon, are discussed. The dolostone ‘tongue’ consists predominantly of the beige Late Jurassic hydrothermal dolostones. During and/or after the deposition of the overlying continental sandstones (Early Cretaceous), meteoric water percolated through the sand layers and into the underlying beige dolostones. This resulted first in dolomite intracrystalline dissolution, and then in the precipitation of oxides/hydroxides within the pore space. Finally, the precipitation of ferroan dolomite cement — from reduced fluids during a new stage of burial — took place. This study attempts to explain how superimposed diagenetic events result in a single pervasive dolostone body. 相似文献
8.
下奥陶统白云岩是塔里木盆地最现实的重点勘探领域。文中在分析塔里木盆地早奥陶世构造、沉积及古气候等地质背景的基础上,以前人对白云岩的结构分类为基础,从白云岩发育产状出发,将塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩划分为灰岩中零散白云石、灰岩中斑状白云石、层状白云岩和沿断裂分布白云岩4类,白云石含量层位上自下而上具有总体减少的趋势。各类白云岩在岩石学特征和发育分布上具有较为明显的差异,局部可重叠出现。灰岩中零散白云石和斑状白云石的岩石学和地球化学及发育分布特征均反映其主要由浅埋藏白云石化作用形成;层状白云岩和沿断裂分布白云岩形成于中深埋藏白云石化作用;各类白云岩的产状特征差异受控于沉积期海平面变化、海水性质及埋藏条件等因素。沿断裂分布白云岩的形成和分布与断裂密切相关,是重要的储集岩石类型。白云岩储集层的形成主要是后期改造的结果,埋藏白云石化作用并未对大规模白云岩储集层的形成起到建设性作用,伴生或后期流体再运移导致的溶蚀作用为其主要成因。 相似文献
9.
对塔东北库鲁克塔格隆起的乌孜里塔格剖面中上寒武统白云岩的岩石学、成岩作用、裂隙—孔隙发育与充填等特征研究认为：可划分为有序度逐渐增加的粉晶白云岩、粉细晶白云岩、中细晶白云岩和中粗晶白云岩及晶洞中的中粗晶、巨晶和鞍形白云石等4种类型;分别对应于早期准同生—浅埋、中浅埋藏、中等埋藏和构造断裂—热液（热卤水）作用4期的成岩阶段;其中,沿走滑断裂—裂隙带、呈不规则的“侵入体” 具有斑点状、条纹—条带、雁行状—斑马、角砾状和不规则状结构的中粗晶、粗晶、巨晶（部分为鞍形）白云岩（石）,一般不发光或呈昏暗的暗红色,具有与加拿大西部盆地典型的热液白云岩相似的特征;中上寒武统白云岩存在4～5期构造裂隙和3期以上的充填作用;热液白云岩中以晶间孔、晶间溶孔（洞）、裂隙及沿裂隙的扩溶孔洞为主,主要有二世代的白云石和方解石和少量沥青、石英、微量硬石膏和重晶石等多期充填作用。与西加盆地寒武系部分或全部交代充填缝洞及角砾构造、受来自落基山造山带的晚白垩世至古近系拉腊米（Laramide）构造的被排驱的热液流体交代形成的典型热液白云岩稍有不同,海西晚期（晚二叠世）及燕山—喜马拉雅期（晚白垩世—第四纪）沿挤压—走滑断裂排驱的地层热卤水循环—扩散与交代作用可能是本区热液白云岩的主要成因,储集空间主要由中、晚期构造断裂—裂隙（溶蚀）所致,但不排除成岩早期埋藏或晚期大气水作用对其影响。 相似文献
10.
Dolomitization by penesaline sea water in Early Jurassic peritidal platform carbonates, Gibraltar, western Mediterranean 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Peritidal carbonates of the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) Gibraltar Limestone Formation, which form the main mass of the Rock of Gibraltar, are replaced by fine and medium crystalline dolomites. Replacement occurs as massive bedded or laminated dolomites in the lower 100 m of an ≈460‐m‐thick platform succession. The fine crystalline dolomite has δ18Ο values either similar to, or slightly higher than, those expected from Early Jurassic marine dolomite, and δ13C values together with 87Sr/86Sr ratios that overlap with sea‐water values for that time, indicating that the dolomitizing fluid was Early Jurassic sea water. Absence of massive evaporitic minerals and/or evaporite solution‐collapse breccias in these carbonate rocks indicates that the salinity of sea water during dolomitization was below that of gypsum precipitation. The occurrence of peritidal facies, a restricted microbiota and rare gypsum pseudomorphs are also consistent with penesaline conditions (salinity 72–199‰). The medium crystalline dolomite has some δ18Ο and δ13C values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios similar to those of Early Jurassic marine dolomites, which indicates that ambient sea water was again a likely dolomitizing fluid. However, the spread of δ18Ο, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr values indicates that dolomitization occurred at slightly increased temperatures as a result of shallow (≈500 m) burial or that dolomitization was multistage. These data support the hypothesis that penesaline sea water can produce massive dolomitization in thick peritidal carbonates in the absence of evaporite precipitation. Taking earlier models into consideration, it appears that replacement dolomites can be produced by sea water or modified sea water with a wide range of salinities (normal, penesaline to hypersaline), provided that there is a driving mechanism for fluid migration. The Gibraltar dolomites confirm other reports of significant Early Jurassic dolomitization in the western Tethys carbonate platforms. 相似文献
11.
Dolomitization of the Capitan Formation forereef facies (Permian, west Texas and New Mexico): seepage reflux revisited 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Abstract Interpretation of seepage reflux dolomitization is commonly restricted to intervals containing evaporites even though several workers have modelled reflux of mesosaline brines. This study looked at the partially dolomitized forereef facies of the Capitan Formation to test the extent of reflux dolomitization and evaluate the possible role of the near‐backreef mesosaline carbonate lagoon as an alternative source of dolomitizing fluids. The Capitan Formation forereef facies ranges from 10% to 90% dolomite. Most of the dolomite is fabric preserving and formed during early burial after marine cementation, before and/or during evaporite cementation and before stylolitization. Within the forereef facies, dolomite follows depositional units, with debris‐flow and grain‐flow deposits the most dolomitized and turbidity‐current deposits the least. The amount of dolomite increases with stratigraphic age and decreases downslope. Within the reef facies, dolomite is restricted to haloes around fractures and primary cavities except where the reef facies lacks marine cements and, in contrast, is completely dolomitized. This dolomite distribution supports dolomitization by sinking fluids. Oxygen isotopic values for fabric‐preserving dolomite (δ18O = 0·9 ± 1·0‰, N = 101) support dolomitization by sea water to isotopically enriched sea water. These values are closer to the near‐backreef dolomite (δ18O = 2·1 ± 0·7‰, N = 48) than the hypersaline backreef dolomite (δ18O = 3·6 ± 0·9‰, N = 11). Therefore, the fabric‐preserving dolomite is consistent with dolomitization during seepage reflux of mainly mesosaline brines derived from the near‐backreef carbonate lagoon. The occurrence of mesosaline brine reflux in the Capitan Formation has important implications for dolomitization in forereef facies and elsewhere. First, any area with a restricted carbonate lagoon may be dolomitized by refluxing brines even if there are no evaporite facies present. Secondly, such brines may travel significant distances vertically provided permeable pathways (such as fractures) are present. Therefore, the absence of immediately overlying evaporite or restricted facies is not sufficient cause to eliminate reflux dolomitization from consideration. 相似文献
12.
Multiphase dolomitization of deeply buried Cambrian petroleum reservoirs,Tarim Basin,north‐west China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lei Jiang Chunfang Cai Richard H. Worden Stephen F. Crowley Lianqi Jia Ke Zhang Ian J. Duncan 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):2130-2157
Cambrian dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China, have significant potential for future discoveries of petroleum, although exploration and production planning is hampered by limited understanding of the occurrence and distribution of dolomite in such ancient rocks buried to nearly 8 km. The study herein accessed new drill core samples which provide an opportunity to understand the dolomitization process in deep basins and its impact on Cambrian carbonate reservoirs. This study documents the origin of the dolostone reservoirs using a combination of petrology, fluid‐inclusion microthermometry, and stable and radiogenic‐isotopes of outcrop and core samples. An initial microbial dolomitization event occurred in restricted lagoon environments and is characterized by depleted δ13C values. Dolomicrite from lagoonal and sabkha facies, some fabric‐retentive dolomite and fabric‐obliterative dolomite in the peloidal shoal and reef facies show the highest δ18O values. These dolomites represent relatively early reflux dolomitization. The local occurrence of K‐feldspar in dolomicrite indicates that some radiogenic strontium was contributed via terrigenous input. Most fabric‐retentive dolomite may have precipitated from seawater at slightly elevated temperatures, suggested by petrological and isotopic data. Most fabric‐obliterative dolomite, and medium to coarse dolomite cement, formed between 90°C and 130°C from marine evaporitic brine. Saddle dolomite formed by hydrothermal dolomitization at temperatures up to 170°C, and involved the mixing of connate brines with Sr‐ enriched hydrothermal fluids. Intercrystalline, moldic, and breccia porosities are due to the early stages of dolomitization. Macroscopic, intergranular, vuggy, fracture and dissolution porosity are due to burial‐related dissolution and regional hydrothermal events. This work has shown that old (for example, Cambrian or even Precambrian) sucrosic dolomite with associated anhydrite, buried to as much as 8000 m, can still have a high potential for hosting substantial hydrocarbon resources and should be globally targeted for future exploration. 相似文献
13.
塔东北库鲁克塔格中上寒武统白云岩岩石学、地球化学特征与成因探讨——与加拿大西部盆地惠而浦(Whirlpoolpoint)剖面对比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对比研究塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格隆起的乌里格孜塔格剖面与加拿大西部盆地寒武系白云岩的岩石学、地球化学及流体包裹体等特征,阐明了前者经历了三次主要白云岩(化)作用事件.①成岩早期-浅埋藏的粉细晶白云岩作用,Sr为42.75×10-6,Mn为315×10-6 ～506×10-6,Fe为0.2650％ ～0.403％;δ13 CpDB=一0.47‰ ～-0.28‰,δ18OPDB=-7.3‰ ～-7.43‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.71085;平均REE=18.84×10-6,δEu平均为0.66、δCe平均为0.81,估算的形成温度分别为47.6℃和55.12℃;②中(深)埋藏的细晶及中(粗)晶白云岩化作用;Sr为56.27×10-6,Mn为312×10-6,Fe为0.13％;δ13CPDB=-1.5‰,δ18OPDB=-8.5‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.7100; REE=18.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.72、δCe平均为0.77,盐水包裹体中的均一温度平均为108.34℃,盐度变化为4％～13.7％ NaCleqv;③沿裂隙或溶洞形成的粗-巨晶或鞍形的热液白云岩(石)交代充填:Sr为29.1×10-6 ～49.9×10-6,Mn为498×10-6～754×10-6,Fe为0.15％ ～ 1.14％;平均δ13 CPDB=-0.48‰,δ18OPDB=-8.82‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.70996;平均REE=15.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.70、δCe平均为0.78;鞍形白云石中的盐水包裹体的均一温度120～150℃,盐度为5％ ～ 12％ NaCleqv;溶洞中的粗-巨晶白云岩盐水包裹体的均一温度140～180℃,盐度为5％ ～ 18％ NaCleqv;与西加盆地惠而浦(Whirlpool point)剖面典型的热液白云岩相比较,乌里格孜塔格剖面中寒武系白云岩中缝洞中的粗-巨晶及鞍形白云石中的碳氧同位素、稀土总量、轻重稀土比均要高,但有序度、δEu、δCe、盐水包裹体形成温度及盐度相对低;因而推断它与西加盆地典型的岩浆期后热液来源不同,其流体来源于沿深部伸展走滑断裂-再循环地层热卤水,与海西晚期或燕山期-喜马拉雅期强烈挤压后弱伸展引起的二期或以上的压扭-走滑构造有关. 相似文献
14.
This paper describes the occurrence of dolostone and the mechanism of dolomitization of the Upper Devonian Gölbo?az? Formation in the allochthonous Taurus Mountains Alada? unit in Turkey. The Upper Devonian Gölbo?az? Formation carbonates, with dominant ostracod-bearing mudstone and wackestone, formed tidal and subtidal environments, and some of these rocks were dolomitized from shallow to deep burial. On the basis of the field, the petrographic and geochemical features, four different replaceable and cement dolostone phases have been recognized. The replacive dolostones contain (1) very fine to fine crystalline planar-s dolostone (df1), (2) medium to coarse crystalline planar-s to planar-e dolostone (df2), (3) coarse to very coarse crystalline non-planar-a dolostone (df3), and (4) coarse to very coarse crystalline planar dolostone cement (df4). The replacive dolostones are disordered to moderate the ordered and calcium-rich. They are non-stoichiometric and have 46–59 mol% CaCO3 and 41–54 mol% MgCO3 total contents. The df1 dolostones have MgCO3 contents of 41–54 mol%, the df2 dolostones have 41–53 mol%, the df3 dolostones have 49 mol%, and the df4 dolostones have 49–50 mol%, respectively. The Gölbo?az? dolostones have δ18O values of ?9.44 to ?2.20‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) and δ13C values of ?1.58 to +2.52 VPDB. Sr, Na, Mn, and Fe concentrations of replacive dolostones are 74–184, 148–593, below detection level (bdl)–619, and 1049–9233 ppm, respectively. The petrographic and geochemical data demonstrate that the replacive dolostones occurred prior to the chemical compaction at shallow to intermediate burial depths from Late Devonian seawater and/or seawater lightly modified by water–rock interaction process and later recrystallized by basinal brines at increasing burial depths and temperature. The North American Shale Composite-normalized rare earth element values of both limestone and dolostone show very similar rare earth element patterns characterized by slightly or considerably negative cerium (Ce) anomalies and a clear depletion in all rare earth element species. The dedolomitization observed in the Gölbo?az? Formation is thought to occur by the oxidizing effect of the meteoric water in the shallow burial environment during the telodiagenesis. 相似文献
15.
The Trigonodus Dolomit is the dolomitized portion of the homoclinal ramp sediments of the Middle Triassic Upper Muschelkalk in the south‐east Central European Basin. Various dolomitizing mechanisms, followed by recrystallization, have been previously invoked to explain the low δ18O, high 87Sr/86Sr, extensive spatial distribution and early nature of the replacive matrix dolomites. This study re‐evaluates the origin, timing and characteristics of the dolomitizing fluids by examining petrographic and isotopic trends in the Trigonodus Dolomit at 11 boreholes in northern Switzerland. In each borehole the ca 30 m thick unit displays the same vertical trends with increasing depth: crystal size increase, change from anhedral to euhedral textures, ultraviolet‐fluorescence decrease, δ18OVPDB decrease from ?1·0‰ at the top to ?6·7‰ at the base and an 87Sr/86Sr increase from 0·7080 at the top to 0·7117 at the base. Thus, dolomites at the top of the unit record isotopic values similar to Middle Triassic seawater (δ18OVSMOW = 0‰; 87Sr/86Sr = 0·70775) while dolomites at the base record values similar to meteoric groundwaters from the nearby Vindelician High (δ18OVSMOW = ?4·0‰; 87Sr/86Sr = >0·712). According to water–rock interaction modelling, a single dolomitizing or recrystallizing fluid cannot have produced the observed isotopic trends. Instead, the combined isotopic, geochemical and petrographic data can be explained by dolomitization via seepage‐reflux of hypersaline brines into dense, horizontally‐advecting groundwaters that already had negative δ18O and high 87Sr/86Sr values. Evidence for the early groundwaters is found in meteoric calcite cements that preceded dolomitization and in fully recrystallized dolomites with isotopic characteristics identical to the groundwaters following matrix dolomitization. This study demonstrates that early groundwaters can play a decisive role in the formation and recrystallization of massive dolomites and that the isotopic and textural signatures of pre‐existing groundwaters can be preserved during seepage‐reflux dolomitization in low‐angle carbonate ramps. 相似文献
16.
Dolomitization of the Waulsortian Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) in the Irish Midlands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jay M. Gregg Kevin L. Shelton Aaron W. Johnson Ian D. Somerville & Wayne R. Wright 《Sedimentology》2001,48(4):745-766
The Waulsortian Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of the southern Irish Midlands is dolomitized pervasively over a much larger region than previous studies have documented. This study indicates a complex, multistage, multiple fluid history for regional dolomitization. Partially and completely dolomitized sections of Waulsortian Limestones are characterized by finely crystalline (0·01–0·3 mm) planar dolomite. Planar replacive dolomite is commonly followed by coarse (≥0·5 mm) nonplanar replacive dolomite, and pervasive void‐filling saddle dolomite cement is frequently associated with Zn–Pb mineralization. Planar dolomite has average δ18O and δ13C values (‰ PDB) of –4·8 and 3·9 respectively. These are lower oxygen and slightly higher carbon isotope values than averages for marine limestones in the Waulsortian (δ18O=–2·2, δ13C=3·7). Mean C and O isotope values of planar replacive dolomite are also distinct from those of nonplanar and saddle dolomite cement (–7·0 and 3·3; –7·4 and 2·4 respectively). Fluid inclusions indicate a complex history involving at least three chemically and thermally distinct fluids during dolomite cementation. The petrography and geochemistry of planar dolomites are consistent with an early diagenetic origin, possibly in equilibrium with modified Carboniferous sea water. Where the Waulsortian was exposed to hydrothermal fluids (70–280 °C), planar dolomite underwent a neomorphic recrystallization to a coarser crystalline, planar and nonplanar dolomite characterized by lower δ18O values. Void‐filling dolomite cement is isotopically similar to nonplanar, replacive dolomite and reflects a similar origin from hydrothermal fluids. This history of multiple stages of dolomitization is significantly more complex than earlier models proposed for the Irish Midlands and provides a framework upon which to test competing models of regional vs. localized fluid flow. 相似文献
17.
Types and Origin of Dolostones in Tarim Basin, Northwest China:Petrographic and Geochemical Evidence
In the Tarim Basin of northwestern China hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered in parts of the thick strata of Cambrian dolostones. Based on petrographic study, six types of dolostone have been distinguished: Type-1, pink mud-bearing silty crystalline dolostone (PMSD); Type-2, gypsum- and salt-bearing fine crystalline dolostone (GSFD); Type-3, fine crystalline dolostone with dolomite crystals with cloudy core and clear rim (CCFD); Type-4, deep gray mud-bearing silty crystalline dolostone (GMSD); Type-5, euhedral coarse crystalline dolostone (ECD); and Type-6, xenotopic coarse crystalline dolostone (XCD). Applying petrographic and geochemical methods, the genesis of the dolostones is studied in this paper. Normally, Type-1 dolostone shows U- and Mo-depleted characteristics, reflecting a more oxidized formation environment; High δ18O and the purple color are consistent with formation of Sabkha dolostones on a supratidal flat. Types 2, 3, 4 dolostones show strata formation, similar REE patterns and 87Sr/86Sr ratios with contemporaneous limestones, suggesting a penecontemporaneous origin from seawater. Types 5 and 6 dolostones commonly occur as interbedded rocks, indicating secondary genesis after diagenesis. Type-6 dolostone has the highest order degree (OD) values (average 0.86), the lowest oxygen isotope values and positive Eu anomalies, which are consistent with previously reported hydrothermal dolostones. Differently, Type-5 shows euhedral texture, higher δ18O value, similar REE characteristic and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in comparison with contemporaneous limestones, suggesting that this type might have been dolomitized by down-transferring evaporated seawater during shallow burial stage. Dolostone fluid sources, formation environments and crystallizing dynamics are summarized and possible genetic models for the six types are proposed. 相似文献
18.
19.
山西襄汾奥陶系岩石学特征及沉积环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西襄汾地区奥陶系只有下、中统,主要由碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩组成.燧石及陆源碎屑岩少见。同位素资料表明δ13O较低（平均-5.832‰PDB）,δ13C（平均-1.210‰PDB）变化较小,表示古盐度的指数Z多大于120。微量元素表明碳酸盐岩沉积于近陆环境,受大气淡水影响强烈。沉积环境主要是潮上（膏泻湖）、潮间坪、潮下局限海及开阔海。峰峰期后最大的海退结束了本区海相沉积史。 相似文献
20.
The 87Sr/86Sr ratios and strontium concentrations for thirty-three samples of marine carbonate rocks of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age have been determined. The samples were collected from four measured sections in the areas of Val Camonica in northern Italy. The strontium concentrations vary from 40 to 7000 ppm. Most of the samples are calcitic limestones containing less than 10% of non-carbonate residues. Dolomitic samples and those containing appreciable non-carbonate residues have significantly diminished strontium concentrations. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the carbonate phases of these rocks appear to be unaffected by dolomitization and by the presence of non-carbonate minerals. The average 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the formations vary systematically in a stratigraphic sense. The ratio increased from Early Anisian to Early-Middle Ladinian, declined during Late Ladinian and Carnian, rose again during the Norian and then declined throughout the Late Norian (Rhaetian), Hettangian, Sinemurian and Pliens-bachian ages. The average 87Sr/86Sr ratios, relative to 0.7080 for the Eimer and Amend standard, are: Anisian: 0.70805 ± 00019; Early Ladinian: 0.7085 ± 0.00038; Late Ladinian: 0.70791 ± 0.00013; Carnian: 0.70776 ± 0.00015; Norian and Rhaetian: 0.70791 ± 0.00014; Hettangian: 0.70762 ± 0.00021; Sinemurian: 0.7070 ± 0.00038; Pliensbachian: 0.7070 ± 0.00015. These variations reflect changes in the isotopic composition of Sr entering the oceans in early Mesozoic time due to varying rates of weathering and erosion of young volcanic rocks (low 87Sr/86Sr) and old granitic rocks (high 87Sr/86Sr). The data presented in this report contribute to a growing body of information regarding the changes that have occurred in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the oceans in Phanerozoic time. 相似文献