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1.
S. Mazur P. Aleksandrowski K. Turniak L. Krzemiński K. Mastalerz A. Górecka-Nowak L. Kurowski P. Krzywiec A. Żelaźniewicz M. C. Fanning 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(1):47-64
The Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland contains a coherent succession of late Viséan through Westphalian turbidites
derived from a uniform group of sources located within a continental magmatic arc. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates
that two main crustal components were present in the source area of Namurian A sediments. They represent Late Devonian and
Early Carboniferous ages, respectively. The detritus from Westphalian D beds is much more diversified and contains admixture
of Late Carboniferous zircons suggesting rapid unroofing of Variscan igneous intrusions in the hinterland between Namurian
A and Westphalian D times. Tectonic repetitions of tens of metres thick fault-bounded stratigraphic intervals, recorded in
several wells, provide evidence for compressional regime that occurred in the SW part of the Carboniferous basin not earlier
than during the Westphalian C and produced NW–SE trending folds, concordant with the structural grain of the adjacent, NE
part of the Bohemian Massif. 相似文献
2.
A number of the features of folding at the Namur Citadelle, a classical outcrop of Namurian strata, can be interpreted in terms of penecontemporaneous deformation induced by sandstones overlying shales of lighter density. Variscan tectonics has then overprinted already folded rocks. 相似文献
3.
In order to get detailed information about the facies and genesis of Upper Carboniferous coal seams of Northwest Germany, maceral analyses of complete seam profiles (Westphalian B-D, mainly Westphalian C) were carried out. Four main facies and twelve subfacies could be distinguished. The main facies are:
- 1. (1) The sapropelic-coal facies, consisting of fine-grained inertinite and liptinite, which forms from organic sediments deposited at the bottom of moor lakes.
- 2. (2) The densosporinite facies which is high in inertinite and liptinite and low in vitrinite. Syngenetic pyrites, clastic layers, thick vitrains and fusains do not occur. This facies originates from peats of ‘open mires’ with higher groundwater table and herbaceous vegetation. The ‘open mire’ was situated in the centre of extensive swamps. Consequently, clastic sedimentation did not affect this swamp type and nutrient supply and pH values were low.
- 3. (3) The vitrinite-fusinite facies, which is high in vitrinite. This is the result of abundant vitrains. Under the microscope, fusains were mostly identified as fusinite. The vitrinite-fusinite facies originates from a forest mire. More or less abundant seam splits and clastic layers show that rivers flowed in the neighbourhood of this area.
- 4. (4) The shaly-coal facies, which represents the most marginal part of the former swamp frequently affected by clastic sedimentation.
4.
The Carboniferous culm of the Pays-de-Sault is divided into two diachronous and synshortening series. These series are dated Late Visean (Pic d'Ourtiset series in a northern overthrust unit) and Early Namurian E2 (La Fajolle series in a southern underthrust unit) from an association of foraminifers, algae, and microproblematica identified in clasts of conglomerates. According to structural positions and facies criteria, these two series are interpreted as two turbiditic depocenters which were generated by southward thrust propagation during Late Visean and Early Namurian. At the scale of the Pyrenean Hercynian range, this evolution is consistent with a thrust and depocenter sequence propagating on the wedge-top depozone of a foreland basin system from the northeast (Mouthoumet subpyrenean massif) to the southwest (end of the High Primary Range) during Late Visean to Westphalian C time interval. 相似文献
5.
The thermal and burial history of the Herzkamp syncline, located in the transition zone between the Variscan Rhenish Massif and the Ruhr foreland basin (western Germany), was reconstructed using PDI/PC-1D-basin modelling software (IES). The models were calibrated with new vitrinite reflectance data measured on Palaeozoic outcrop samples. High sample density and quality of the calibration data allowed a 3D reconstruction of the heat flow as well as of burial and erosion history. Vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.8 to 4.9%Rr and generally increase with increasing stratigraphic age. The coalification pattern confirms pre-tectonic maturation, especially in the western part of the study area. A "low-coalification zone" showing stagnating/decreasing coalification with increasing stratigraphic age exists, however, northeast of the Ennepe thrust, indicating synorogenic coalification. This anomaly is explained by early thrusting in the northern Rhenish Massif resulting in restricted burial/early uplift and thus lower thermal maturity. One result of numerical modelling is that palaeo-heat flows during maximum burial (Westphalian or post-Westphalian) decreased southwards from approximately 65 to less than 50 mW/m2. Maximum burial depths for the base and top of the Namurian also decrease southwards from 7000 to 3600 m and 4600 to 1800 m, respectively, resulting in southwards-decreasing coalification of the respective stratigraphic horizon. Eroded overburden increases southwards (3100-5700 m), with the exception of the low-coalification zone, which is characterised by lower amounts of eroded overburden (1300-2900 m) and an earlier onset of erosion, i.e. in the Westphalian B rather than Westphalian D or post-Westphalian. 相似文献
6.
7.
青海省木里煤田弧山矿区东部找煤预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对区内褶皱特征、控煤断层及沉积环境的分析研究，预测在木里煤田弧山矿区东部仍有煤系地层赋存。预测区内构造为一宽缓向斜，与弧山向斜共同构成隔档式（梳状）褶皱。含煤地层为中下侏罗统江仓组，成煤环境属中生代断陷盆地内河湖、沼泽相沉积。F2为弧山矿区南部边界断层，在前期控制了煤系地层的沉积，后期又控制了煤系地层的埋深和保存，预测区所处位置其煤系地层埋藏较浅，较有利于煤层的开发和利用。 相似文献
8.
大别山北麓石炭纪盆地沉积和构造研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
大别山加里东构造带北麓的石炭系为残留海盆地沉积 ,分布限制在潢川—固始—肥中断裂以南和信阳—商城—金寨—舒城断裂以北 ,保存在南翼向南倒转并有逆冲推覆构造的复式向斜中 ,中部被燕山期花岗岩侵入体破坏。排除构造重复 ,石炭系总厚 >2 0 0 9m (掩盖部分未计 ) ,按岩石地层单元分 5个组 ,各组之间均为断层接触。自下而上花园墙组为以复理石为代表的深水浊积扇和具有向上变细序列的陡坡扇沉积 ;杨山组为辫状河和滨岸辫状三角洲含煤沉积 ;道人冲组为辫状河、辫状三角洲、扇三角洲及滨浅海沉积 ;胡油坊组分布最广 ,为微咸水盆地陡坡扇、浊积扇沉积 ,有特征的复理石和滑塌沉积 ;杨小庄组为碎屑海岸含煤沉积。下统和上统的界限位于道人冲组中下部厚层砾岩的底部。古水流方向以自南指向北占优势 ,物源主要来自南侧的大别山区。石炭系下统砾岩为远源硅质正砾岩 ,含大量脉石英砾石 ,母岩为岩浆热液成因 ,现已无保存 ;上统砾岩为近源陡坡环境形成的复成分、多杂基的副砾岩 ,为浊积砾岩 ,其中脉石英砾石明显减少 ,含千枚岩和沉积岩砾石 ,母岩主要来自南侧的信阳群 /佛子岭群等。复理石、滑塌、浊积砾岩的存在表明石炭系具陡坡陆缘海活动大陆边缘的沉积特征 ,并发现有少量火山岩碎屑 ,可能形成于弧后盆地。稀? 相似文献
9.
靖远磁窑晚石炭世沉积环境基本特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
磁窑地区晚石炭世为滨海环境，由２个较大的沉积旋回组成。纳缪尔晚期以河流环境开始，逐渐被沼泽、潮坪－泻湖环境代替，形成第１个旋回。维斯发早期为滨海三角洲环境，逐渐演变成泻湖－潮坪环境，最后为碳酸盐台地，以最大的海侵活动结束。 相似文献
10.
笔者从原型盆地分析出发,根据物源区特征与盆地类型的关系以及地层结构特征,对陆东-五彩湾地区晚石炭世盆地的发育背景、展布范围进行了系统论证。研究表明,陆东-五彩湾地区晚石炭世是在碰撞造山后拉伸形成的裂谷盆地群,盆内沉积的碎屑岩来源于早石炭世晚期残留洋闭合产生的岛弧以及多旋回造山带,具有石英含量低,火山碎屑含量高的特征; 从盆地边界形态来看,晚石炭世原型盆地与现今残留盆地的格局基本相似,构造碰撞带附近地层剥蚀严重甚至缺失,盆地沉积中心区域的地层保存相对完整。同时,在针对陆东-五彩湾地区1 000余条二维地震测线精细解释的基础上,综合岩心统计、地震相以及反演等信息,认为研究区在晚石炭世发育两种类型断陷,其中,五彩湾、东道海子地区发育单断断陷,三南-滴水泉地区发育双断断陷,两种断陷均有大量的火山岩充填,火山岩的发育及展布主要受到缓坡区一系列断裂的控制。 相似文献
11.
Żelaźniewicz Andrzej Marheine Dirk Oberc-Dziedzic Teresa 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(2):185-194
A Variscan foreland in western Poland comprises two NW-trending basement highs, which are concealed under Carboniferous through Triassic strata of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline (FSM). Both highs consist of multiply deformed quartz-sericite - albite - chlorite phyllites of unknown protolith age. 40Ar/39Ar laser probe dating of white micas in up to 0.5-mm-thick mica layers, which form the S2 axial-plane foliation in phyllites of the Wolsztyn-Leszno High, yielded an age of 340.1DŽ.6 Ma for the lower greenschists facies metamorphism and probably also for the F2 folding. This deformation was associated and followed by thrusting, which brought about the basement highs. The latter delivered clasts to overlying late Viséan-early Namurian flysch basin that was mainly sourced from the Saxothuringian Sudetes in which most of the deformation occurred between 345-335 Ma. The FSM basement may represent an independent terrane, referred to as the Wielkopolska terrane, belonging to the Armorican Terrane Assemblage. 相似文献
12.
二连盆地群是内蒙古自治区最大的一个晚中生代盆地群,都呼木盆地是其中之一富煤盆地,含煤层位于白垩纪彦花组第五段,煤层的煤质为中灰、中高硫、高发热量、低磷—中磷低氯的褐煤,受好来-锡林呼都格断裂控制形成的赛罕塔拉煤田,自然分割成了若干个规模不等的聚煤盆地。盆地边缘地区岩浆岩发育,以华力西中晚期、燕山早期侵入岩为主,岩性从超基性—酸性,一般呈岩基产出。煤层形成于漫流为主的沉积组合类型和浅水重力流和泥炭沼泽沉积物为主的沉积相。沉积环境对富煤带展布起控制作用,该区主要聚煤作用发生在盆地发育的晚期,富煤带在控盆断裂的西北一侧2～4km附近。 相似文献
13.
The Permo-Carboniferous Saar-Nahe Basin in south-west Germany and north-east France formed at the boundary between the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian zones within the Variscan orogen, where non-marine sediments were deposited in a narrow, structurally controlled basin. The basin has an asymmetrical geometry perpendicular to the South Hunsruck Fault. However, there is a lack of growth of the sediment pile into the fault, and isopach maps show the depocentre always located adjacent to the South Hunsrück Fault, but migrating towards the north-east with time. This pattern is typical of a strike-slip basin, indicating that the South Hunsruck Fault was a dextral strike-slip fault during sedimentation. Tectonic subsidence curves indicate that, during the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous, the basin subsided due to thermal relaxation of the lithosphere. A change to very rapid subsidence at the start of the Westphalian continued until late in the Autunian. This was due to mechanical subsidence associated with strike-slip movement on the South Hunsruck Fault. Towards the end of subsidence in the Saar-Nahe Basin, the Grenzlager volcanics introduced a thermal pulse into the crust, leading to thermal cooling and relaxation of the lithosphere. 相似文献
14.
AbstractU-Pb. systematics of detrital zircons carry a mineral-specific information summarizing important geologic events during the preelastic slate of the minerals. Comparisons with U/Pb isotope rati of zircons from potential provenances reveal relationships between source areas of the zircons and their final location of deposition in a sedimentary basin. The Palaeozoic zircon detritus accumulated in sedimentary basins on the Rhenohercynian crustal segment is taken as an example to elucidate the plate-tectonical induced changes of the source areas by significant changes of the 206Pb/238 vs. 207Pb/235ratios in the zircons.The U-Pb systematic of detrital zircon- from the Cambrian sediments deposited in the Brabant Massif and in the Ardennes indicale two source areas. Part of the detritus derived from an area. where strong Cadomian-Panafrican events influenced the U-Pb systems of the zircons. The oilier part reflects a source, in which the U-Pb systems were able to preserve their Arehaean to Early Proterozoic age information. Zircons of the latter source record the most ancient ages so far observed in detrital zircons of the later Rhenohercynian crustal seg ment. The similarities with the U/Pb isotope ratios of zircons from the Armorican Massif, the Bohemian Massif. and certain regions of the Mps indicate a geotectonic position of the sedimentar) basin during Cambrian times in the periphery of the Condwana mega-continent.The detrital zircons accumulated in the Variscan Rhenish basin during the Lower Devonian show a completely different summarizing age information. The majority of the zircons reflect a Laurussian-type origin. which suggests a palaeogeographic position of the Variscan Rhenohercynian basin close to Laurussia. Euhedral zircons crystallized during Caledonian times document the erosion of Caledonian granitoids from structural highs in the Mid European Caledonides.Zircons of the Lower Carboniferous flysch sediments of todays Eastern Rhenish Massif originate from two source areas characterised by very different geologic histories. Euhedral zircons represent a rather young component of about 410 Ma in the detritus, whereas. in contrast. the well rounded crystals show a summarizing age-information identical to that of the zircons found in the Cambrian sandstones. The low ages resemble intrusion ages as recorded from the Mid-German-Crystalline-Rise, the high age reflect a Gondwana-type input into the Rhenohercynian sedimentary basin during Lower Carboniferous times. The detritus thus documents the Variscan collision and a renewed coherence of the Rhenohercynian crustal segment to Cnndwana.The zircon population from Upper Carboniferous molasse deposits is comprised of Condwana-tуpc material and of mate rial with similar U/Pb ratios as recorded in the Lower Devonian zircons. In parts the Variscan molasse must have been derived from sediments once deposited in a southern part of the Rhenohercynian basin and in the Saxothurìngian basin. U/Pb ratios of euhedral and round diamond-like lustrous zircons indicate a major geologic event at the Namurian/Westphalian boundary (310-315 Ma). These zircons thus reflect an influx of detritus into the molasse from other source rocks, probably synsedimentary volcanics. 相似文献
15.
沁水盆地煤及煤层气开发主要集中在盆地两翼及南部转折端,而对盆地中北部煤系能源矿产及构造演化问题略显不足。通过还原聚煤期古构造和沉积环境,结合构造应力场和沉降史恢复等手段,综合分析沁水盆地中北部晚古生代煤系形成过程及多期构造运动对煤系矿产赋存的影响。认为:研究区石炭-二叠聚煤期以北东向沉积坳陷控制了现今盆地构造格局,整体沉积环境由海陆过渡相向陆相过渡;印支期,盆地接受快速沉降,在深成变质作用下,形成煤系气;燕山期,盆地遭到挤压破坏,北东向主体向斜形成,煤系抬升,同时受岩浆热作用,煤化程度提高,向斜两翼煤及煤系气遭到剥蚀和散逸;喜马拉雅期,盆地遭拉张作用叠加破坏,西北部发育大型裂陷和大量正断层,煤系气发生部分逸散,主要富集在研究区中东部。 相似文献
16.
Nine Namurian clay bands retrieved from boreholes in the northern part of the Pennine Basin are, on the basis of their petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry, shown to be volcanic in origin and are therefore bentonites. The bentonites, which have a fragmental texture, are normally graded and show rare preservation of shard textures, representing vitric tuff deposits that have been altered subsequently to clay-dominated horizons. Crystals are a minor component of the bentonites, but biotite, in particular, is concentrated at the base of the beds. A clay mineral assemblage of mixed-layer illite–smectite with subordinate kaolinite identifies most of the samples as K-bentonites, but kaolinite dominates two samples that can be classed as tonsteins. Temporal variation of salinity within the depositional basin is suggested to explain these different clay assemblages. The major element geochemistry of the bentonites reflects their clay mineralogy and the compositions of diagenetic minerals present, the latter including pyrite, carbonates and hydroxyapatite. Enrichment of the bentonites in some trace elements (including Ba, Sr, Pb, Cu and Ni) can be related to the presence of the diagenetic minerals, but the extent to which the elements are added from external sources as opposed to being redistributed within the ash is unclear. Immobile trace element systematics suggest a rhyodacite/dacite composition for the original ash and derivation from the collision of plates, this being supported by evidence provided by the rare earth elements (REE) in one group of samples. However, in another group of samples, variations in REE concentrations may be caused by mobility of these elements during alteration. The chemistry of the Namurian bentonites contrasts markedly with that of the local Carboniferous volcanics but is comparable, in some respects, with one group of Westphalian tonsteins, although the latter are more rhyolitic in character. It is suggested that the Namurian bentonites and the Westphalian tonsteins of acid affinities originated from volcanic activity associated with a destructive plate margin in the Variscan externides and that the observed compositional trend may reflect magma evolution possibly related to the progressive east–west closure. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Adrian J. Lloyd 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1964,53(2):551-580
Sonmartel forms part of the anticlinal Cornu-Foulets Chain of the Neuchâtel High Jura. The strata exposed in the district include much of the Malm (Argovien to Purbeckien), the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasien to Hauterivien) and some Tertiary rocks (Siderolithique, Helvetian Miocene). An outline account is given of the Mesozoic formations, the distribution of marker bands being shown on the map (Pl. 1). The structure of the area is discussed in terms of its constituent parts. The folding is concentric but due to erosion-breaching following the earliest movements, subsequent deformation of the Pre- and Post-Kimeridgien rocks differed. The former are gently diapiric, while the folding of the latter is, in part, a gravity effect. Faults normal to the fold axes are present everywhere. They originated as tension cracks but later permitted transcurrent movements. Tear faults are best developed in regions where the trend of the fold axes changes. Thrusts are restricted to the Grand Sonmartel area. The joint systems are thought to result from stresses due to bed-over-bed sliding during the folding. The different types of deformation combine to produce a rhomboidal pattern of dissected cross-folds. Each of these strain-phenomena show that the region has been subjected to stresses of two different orientations, with a third also affecting the vicinity of Grand Sonmartel. These owe their origins to relative movements of basement blocks beneath the area — thrusting during the Post-Stampian phase, the thrusts re-activated as sinistral shears during the Post-Pontian phases when they were joined by conjugate dextral shears. On this basis the Alpine Push theory for the origin of the Folded Jura must be rejected. The Wegmann hypothesis of basement shears accounts best for the structures observed. 相似文献
18.
文通过研究区深层主要变形带构造变形解析,确认塔东南下古生界构造基本轮廓形成于中奥陶世末,定型于奥陶纪末—志留纪,北部和西部分别有喜山期和海西晚期构造的叠加。以塔中Ⅰ构造带—塔中5-38井构造带、塘北—玉北构造带、塔中南缘构造带为界,研究区可分为4个构造样式不同的构造单元。单元边界的构造变形相对剧烈,以逆冲—走滑断裂带为主,单元内部构造变形相对较弱。自东南向盆地内部,构造变形由强变弱。东南边缘塘沽巴斯凹陷以弧形向西北展布的基底滑脱型逆冲构造为特征,变形最为剧烈。晚奥陶世以凹陷为主,奥陶纪末期志留纪褶皱隆起。北侧为塔中隆起,是一个断裂—褶皱复背斜,主体发育于中奥陶世晚期,缺失中奥陶统,且控制了上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期孤立台地沉积,于奥陶纪末—志留纪定型。构造带以基底卷入扭动挤压断裂—褶皱变形为主,总体受控于北缘断层,自西向东逆冲幅度增大,西部为南北对称复背斜,东部形成向北逆冲的构造带。塔中隆起西段自北向南由逆冲挤压向压扭性走滑构造转变。西部巴楚东段及塔西南东部以区域性的隆升为主,与塔中隆起相似,大面积缺失中奥陶统地层。北部顺托地区则以走滑断裂发育为主,断裂主要活动期为奥陶纪末—志留纪和海西晚期。构造变形组合显示,塔东南下古生界构造变形动力主要来自盆地东南部,是东昆仑与阿尔金洋渐进闭合、俯冲碰撞过程导致塔里木板块变形的产物。变形时序及研究区NE向断裂运动规律表明板块作用自中加里东至晚加里东持续压扭的过程。塔东南地区各单元构造样式与强度差异表明盆地盖层变形明显受到基底断块与内部寒武系膏泥岩分布的制约。其次,断裂的多期活动体现了后期构造的叠合改造的作用,顺托地区NE向断裂可能与海西晚期构造运动的延展有关。 相似文献
19.
The sulphur content of coal is an important consideration when developing reserves for exploitation, driven by emission limits from power stations becoming more stringent. Variations in the sulphur content of Westphalian A and B coals from the predominantly freshwater Northumberland Coalfield, Northeast England, were studied according to their regional, stratigraphic and in-seam location. The observed variation in sulphur content spatially increases towards the source area away from more marine influenced areas, with increased sulphur content through time linked to changes in the general depositional environment as conditions became more marine-influenced. A model of basinal surface water and groundwater flow driven by post-depositional source area tectonism is thought to have played only a minor role in contributing secondary sulphur to the coal. However, the isotopic composition of coal pyrite shows a similar range in composition to that of pyrite and other sulphides from the North Pennine Orefield along the southern margin of the coalfield, suggesting an additional potential source of secondary sulphur, as sulphur-rich fluids were expelled northwards through the coal measures during early Permian Variscan transpression from the south. The Westphalian A and B are interpreted as third-order depositional sequences, defined by third-order maximum flooding surfaces. Each sequence is made up of several coal-bearing fourth-order parasequences, which tend to be more brackish to marine in character, on either side of the third-order maximum flooding surfaces when base level was relatively high. The lowest sulphur coals are confined to the lower to middle, relative low stand part of the Westphalian A third-order base level curve and the lowest part of the Westphalian B third-order base level curve. This difference is attributed to a more rapid rise of base level in the Westphalian B. The stratigraphic and spatial distribution of coal sulphur has been used as a guide to prediction of reserve identification for surface mining operations. 相似文献
20.
《Sedimentary Geology》2002,146(1-2):133-154
The Catalan Coastal ranges are the alpine structural unit parallel to the Mediterranean coast in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. They shape the southeastern margin of the Ebro Foreland basin (the latest stage of the South Pyrenean Foreland trough). The Paleogene sedimentary evolution of this basin margin is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the adjoining Catalan Coastal ranges, a transpressive chain characterized mainly by contractional structures (NNW-verging folds and thrusts).The syntectonic condition of the Paleogene deposits of the Ebro basin is evidenced by facies directly related to the growth of specific structures, thinning, fanning and truncation of the sedimentary units towards the growing structures, as well as to abrupt changes in the composition of the coarse-grained sediments caused by tectonic activity or landslides in the catchment area.A tectonosedimentary evolution of approximately 17 Ma has been deduced: (a) folds and thrusts involving Mesozoic rocks were developed during Ypresian (resulting in the deposition of Mesozoic cover derived breccias); (b) large-scale fold growth mostly from Lutetian to early Bartonian (leading to progressive unconformities, fanning and growth strata); and (c) out-of-sequence basement-involving thrusting during Lutetian and Bartonian (development of large alluvial fans). These events did not take place simultaneously along the 30-km long basin margin studied. There is a clear NE to SW migration of the deformation, as observed along the whole Catalan Coastal ranges and the South Pyrenean Foreland basin. 相似文献