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1.
Mikko Tontti 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1981,53(2):275-278
The clustering of the Ni-Cu deposits along the Kotalahti Nickel Belt and the clustering of ridges of mantled gneiss domes in eastern Finland are compared. The Ni-Cu occurrences seem to cluster at the southern ends of the dome ridges or on their southward continuations. It is suggested that there might be a genetic connection between the occurrence of Ni-Cu deposit clusters and the ridges of mantled gneiss domes. 相似文献
2.
Sm-Nd and zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of Huilanshan mafic granulite in the Dabie Mountains and its zircon trace element geochemistry 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
HOU Zhenhui LI Shuguang CHEN Nengsong LI Qiuli & LIU Xiaoming . School of Earth Space Sciences University of Science Technology of China Hefei China . The Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi’an China . Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2081-2091
Granulites in the Dabie Mountains are mainly ob-served in northern Dabie complex zone. Huangtuling intermediate-acid granulites and Huilanshan mafic granulites in the Luotian dome are two famous out-crops (Fig. 1)[1]. It is important to know the genesis and metamorphic age of these granulites for under-standing tectonic evolution and exhumation history of the Dabie Mountains. Previous geochemical and geo-chronological work[2―8]1) on the Huangtuling granu-lites indicates that their protoli… 相似文献
3.
Jean-Pierre Brun 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1980,47(3):441-449
The Karelian mantled gneiss domes of Finland occur within a band some 100 km wide and at least 400 km long, bordering the Archean basement. Previous field analysis has shown that domes were emplaced during regional deformation. Domes tend to cluster along nine ridges oriented NNE-SSW to NE-SW. Data concerning dome size, shape and distribution are presented. Good correlations are found between shape, orientation and spacing of domes and the regional foliation. The spacing between the ridges is consistent and varies from 27 to 42 km according to their orientation but the dome spacing along the ridges is strongly modified by the regional deformation. The comparison with theoretical and experimental models allows an interpretation in terms of diapiric periodicity. The disposition in ridges could be a boundary effect controlled by the shape of the Archean-Karelian interface. The conservation of the cluster-ridge pattern, in spite of the regional deformation, tends to prove the predominance of gravitational instability over regional shortening in the tectonic evolution of the Karelides. 相似文献
4.
A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central
caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September
1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average
rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year)
and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic
aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995
to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast
part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993
to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome
by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are
caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface
between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems.
Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
5.
B. Grauert 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,23(2):238-248
The aim of the study was — besides the dating of metamorphic events — to evaluate the effects of multi-stage crystal growth, episodic and continuous Pb loss, and U gain on the discordant age patterns found for zircon populations of the polymetamorphic Baltimore Gneiss, the Precambrian basement in the Maryland Piedmont. Eight gneiss and migmatite samples were collected at two localities in the Phoenix and Towson dome, respectively. Their zircon populations were separated into twenty-three fractions of different size and optical appearance. A low-contamination method (T.E. Krogh, 1973) was used for the U-Pb analyses.Microscopy and electron-microprobe studies revealed internal heterogeneities of the zircon crystals: at least half of the grains of each population reflect more than one stage of crystal growth, with the last stage consisting of U-poor overgrowths (U: below 400 ppm, mostly below 200 ppm). Evidence for episodic U gain and overgrown material other than zircon has not been found. On a concordia diagram the “ages” obtained by upward extrapolations (1080 and 1180 m.y.) and downward extrapolations (421 and 455 m.y.) of the best-fit lines to the data points are in fair agreement with the geochronologic data found by other investigators and the probable times of metamorphic periods of Precambrian (Grenville) and early Paleozoic (Taconic) orogenies.Models of Pb loss by continuous diffusion cannot adequately explain the discordant age patterns: these are essentially the result of superposition of episodic Pb loss and zircon overgrowth during the Taconic (and Acadian?) metamorphisms. The zircon overgrowth appears to be present in all fractions, but its influence on the U-Pb systematics is generally not perceptible because it is overridden by the effect of episodic Pb loss. For the fractions showing the most discordant ages, the contribution of Pb loss to the discordancy was found to be at least 85 %.From the microscopic picture and the isotopic data, it appears that the bulk of the zircon substance crystallized during one or several high-grade metamorphisms accompanied by migmatization and granitization of the rocks in the course of the Grenville orogeny. Under consideration of zircon ages of Baltimore Gneiss rocks of Pennsylvania, the results point to a complex Grenville metamorphic history in the Maryland and Pennsylvania Piedmont, that lasted from at least 1200 m.y. until about 980 m.y. The granulite-facies metamorphism in the West Chester Prong, Pennsylvania, may be 50–200 m.y. younger than the metamorphic events in the gneiss domes of the Baltimore area. Although it seems that real differences exist with respect to the Precambrian ages of major zircon-forming events between the Phoenix and the Towson dome, the apparent difference of about 100 m.y. should be interpreted with caution, because it is impossible, so far, to evaluate quantitatively the influence of possibly much older inherited zircon components. 相似文献
6.
淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊(南湖和乾隆湖)轮虫的群落结构进行了连续两年的调查.南湖共检测到轮虫9属14种,乾隆湖共计15属27种.乾隆湖轮虫年平均密度为1916 ind./L,约为南湖(198.4 ind./L)的近10倍.乾隆湖和南湖轮虫的最大密度分别为6915和1185 ind./L.在南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的季节动态中,冬、春季以前额犀轮虫为主,夏、秋季以多肢轮虫、异尾轮虫为主.在南湖,长肢多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和小链巨头轮虫分别占年平均密度的24.4％、24.0％和23.0％.在乾隆湖,暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和裂痕龟纹轮虫分别占年平均密度的31.5％、27.2％和7.3％.南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数范围分别为0～2.06和1.28 ～2.68,平均值分别为0.67和1.99.水温、营养盐和浮游植物生物量对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构具有重要影响. 相似文献
7.
Structure and deformation around the Gyirong basin,north Himalaya,and onset of the south Tibetan detachment system 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gyirong basin and its adjacent area are located at a special position in the Himalayan orogen, where the south Tibetan detachment
system (STDS) and N-S trending rift converged. The north Himalayan orogen here can be divided into five petrologic-tectonic
units successively from south to north: 1) the Greater Himalayan crystalline complex (GHC); 2) the STDS shear zone; 3) the
Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence (THS); 4) the late Cenozoic sedimentary basins, such as Gyirong and Oma basins; and
5) the Malashan gneiss dome. Structural studies show that this area experienced four stages of deformation: 1) the earlier
south-directed thrusting, preserved both in the GHC and THS; 2) top-down-to-north slip along the STDS, normal faults related
to this slip formed the early controlling structures of the Cenozoic basins, and the tilted pattern of the blocks between
the basins indicated a north-directed slip; 3) east-west extension, the resultant N-S trending normal fault formed the eastern
boundary of the basins; and 4) late gravitational collapse. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating on the syn-deformational (leuco-) granite
along the STDS indicates that the major activity of the STDS occurred at ca. 26 Ma, but its onset may have begun as early
as ca. 36 Ma.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40821002, 40572115) 相似文献
8.
A detailed gravity survey over the Chattolanee Baltimore Gneiss Dome in the Maryland Piedmont suggests that the dome is an arched recumbent fold. The Baltimore Gneiss, which cores the dome, has a negative density contrast with the surrounding Cambro-Ordovician marbles and schists and is coincident with a large minimum in the simple Bouguer gravity. Three north-south profiles, which cut across the east-west-trending surface exposure of the dome were modeled two-dimensionally. The models suggest that the Baltimore Gneiss is thickest and tightly folded in an inverted V shape to the east and thinner and broadly arched to the west. It is also possible to fit the gravity data with a mushroom-shaped body at the easternmost profile, which could suggest a diapiric origin for the dome, but this interpretation is not favored based on geological arguments. The Baltimore Mafic Complex, located to the south of the Chattolanee Dome, can be modeled as an approximately 1 km thick slab with a subhorizontal base, suggesting that it is a thrust sheet. By analogy with the Phoenix Baltimore Gneiss Dome, mapped by Crowley [2], the Cambro-Ordovician sediments surrounding the Chattolanee Dome may also be involved in the recumbent folding which would suggest that the dome was formed during the Ordovician Taconic orogeny. 相似文献
9.
Hanging wall syncline and central dome are special extension structures, developing over the hanging wall in an extensional ramp-flat fault. Under the condition that the flat is sub-horizontal, the hanging wall syncline is separated from the half graben by the central dome. And on the dome forms an erosional surface. Both sediments in the half graben and erosional surface on the top of the central dome extended over the dome and entered into the hanging wall syncline with extension going on. Meanwhile, those having entered were overlapped by new sedimentary layers in the hanging wall syncline, so that there is a together-threaded, diachronic unconformity to form in the same epoch stratum. The layers in the hanging wall syncline also have an attribute of migrating laterally and getting tilted with extension. There is no sedimentation on the central dome. But sediments, which came from the half graben, got thicker over the dome in extension. 相似文献
10.
O. V. Serebrennikova I. V. Russkikh E. B. Strel’nikova E. A. El’chaninova P. B. Kadychagov 《Water Resources》2017,44(5):774-783
New data on the distribution of organic compounds at different horizons (0–10, 30–40, and 70–80 cm) of bottom sediments of the fresh Fyrkal Lake (Republic of Khakaßsia) and the salt Lake Mormyshanskoe (Altai Territory) have been collected. The compositions of organic compounds in the sediments in the examined lakes has been found to differ considerably, though some parameters in their composition show changes in the same direction. The concentrations of triterpenoids of the groups of lupane, oleanane, and hopane in the sediments decrease with depth. An increase in the share of saturated compounds in the composition of steroids is accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of their isomers (5β/5α). Terrestrial vegetation dominates among organic matter sources, while, in Lake Fyrkal, the contributions of terrestrial plants and macrophytes are similar. The presence of thermally transformed steroids and triterpenoids throughout the vertical profile of sediments in Lake Mormyshanskoe may be an indication to a slight oil pollution of the water body. 相似文献
11.
The Christmas Mountains caldera complex developed approximately 42 Ma ago over an elliptical (8×5 km) laccolithic dome that formed during emplacement of the caldera magma body. Rocks of the caldera complex consist of tuffs, lavas, and volcaniclastic deposits, divided into five sequences. Three of the sequences contain major ash-flow tuffs whose eruption led to collapse of four calderas, all 1–1.5 km in diameter, over the dome. The oldest caldera-related rocks are sparsely porphyritic, rhyolitic, air-fall and ash-flow tuffs that record formation and collapse of a Plinian-type eruption column. Eruption of these tuffs induced collapse of a wedge along the western margin of the dome. A second, more abundantly porphyritic tuff led to collapse of a second caldera that partly overlapped the first. The last major eruptions were abundantly porphyritic, peralkaline quartz-trachyte ash-flow tuffs that ponded within two calderas over the crest of the dome. The tuffs are interbedded with coarse breccias that resulted from failure of the caldera walls. The Christmas Mountains caldera complex and two similar structures in Trans-Pecos Texas constitute a newly recognized caldera type, here termed a laccocaldera. They differ from more conventional calderas by having developed over thin laccolithic magma chambers rather than more deep-seated bodies, by their extreme precaldera doming and by their small size. However, they are similar to other calderas in having initial Plinian-type air-fall eruption followed by column collapse and ash-flow generation, multiple cycles of eruption, contemporaneous eruption and collapse, apparent pistonlike subsidence of the calderas, and compositional zoning within the magma chamber. Laccocalderas could occur else-where, particularly in alkalic magma belts in areas of undeformed sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
12.
在安徽大别山(东大别)进行的深地震宽角反射/折射探测获得6条二维地壳速度结构剖面. 结果显示，东大别造山带地壳为一高速穹隆构造，在其核部中、下地壳变质岩出露于地表，波速高达5.0km/s；在其翼部，上、中地壳发育速度约6.1km/s的壳内低速层(体). 莫霍面的起伏变化较大，中心部位深达41km左右，周边地区则抬升到32～34km. 在晓天—磨子潭断裂一线下方莫霍面垂向错断，断距约4km. 东大别造山带具有大陆深俯冲-碰撞造山带地壳结构的典型式样. 莫霍面错断与扬子陆块深俯冲有关，错断处表征扬子与华北陆块碰撞缝合的深部位置. 高速穹隆构造可能是两陆块碰撞挤压的产物，穹隆翼部上、中地壳发育的低速滑脱带(面)可能在碰撞期之后的地壳伸展、超高压变质岩从中地壳抬升出露于地表过程中起到重要作用. 相似文献
13.
M. CAMPILLO 《Geophysical Prospecting》1987,35(3):236-249
An approach that relies on a discrete representation of seismic wavefields allows the computation of synthetic SH-seismograms in a laterally varying medium with plane and curved interfaces in the two dimensional (2-D) case. The diffracting interface is represented by an array of body forces located along the interface at equal spacing. The numerical treatment is limited to the irregular boundary while the propagation in flat layered zones is obtained by the reflection-transmission matrix method. As an example we have studied the case of a dome in a stratified medium. The solutions obtained verify the reciprocity theorem with good accuracy. The computation of vertical profiles and of surface reflection profiles illustrates the effects of diffraction and the importance of lateral propagation in such a structure. 相似文献
14.
We describe an orthopyroxene–cordierite mafic gneiss from the Nomamisaki metamorphic rocks in the Noma Peninsula, southern Kyushu, Japan. The mineral assemblage of the gneiss is orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase, and ilmenite. Thermometry based on the Fe–Mg exchange reaction between orthopyroxene and biotite yields a peak metamorphic temperature of 680°C. The stability of cordierite relative to garnet, quartz, and sillimanite defines the upper limit of the peak metamorphic pressure as 4.4 kbar. These features indicate that the Nomamisaki metamorphic rocks underwent low‐pressure high‐temperature type metamorphism. Although a chronological problem still remains, the Nomamisaki metamorphic rocks can be regarded as a western continuation of the Higo Belt. The Usuki–Yatsushiro Tectonic Line, which delineates the southern border of the Higo Belt, is therefore located on the east of the Nomamisaki metamorphic rocks in southern Kyushu. 相似文献
15.
R.W. Hurst D. Bridgwater K.D. Collerson G.W. Wetherill 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1975,27(3):393-403
Field studies in the vicinity of Saglek Bay, Labrador, demonstrated that it was possible to subdivide the Archaean gneiss complex into distinct lithologic units and erect a geologic chronology similar to that recognized in Godthaabsfjord, West Greenland. The Uivak gneisses are the oldest quartzo-feldspathic suite in the area and are distinguished from a younger gneissic suite in the field, the undifferentiated gneisses, by the presence of porphyritic basic dykes (Saglek dykes) within the Uivak gneisses. The Uivak gneisses range in composition from tonalites to granodiorites, with the two chemically distinct suites recognized: a grey granodioritic suite and an iron-rich plutonic igneous suite which locally intrudes or grades into a grey gneiss which strongly resembles the grey Uivak gneiss. Rb-Sr isotopic studies indicate an age of 3622 ± 72 m.y. (2σ) and initial Sr isotopic composition of 0.7014 ± 0.0008 (2σ) for the Uivak gneiss suite, i.e. grey gneiss plus iron-rich suite (λRb = 1.39 × 10?11 yr?1). The grey Uivak gneiss suite, treated independently, defines a Rb-Sr isochron with an age of 3610 ± 144 m.y. (2σ) and initial Sr isotopic composition of 0.7015 ± 0.0014 (2σ) which is indistinguishable from the age and initial ratio of the total Uivak gneiss suite, grey gneisses plus iron-rich suite. The undifferentiated gneisses define a Rb-Sr isochron with an age of 3121 ± 160 m.y. (2σ), and initial Sr isotopic composition of 0.7064 ± 0.0012 (2σ). The isotopic data support field observations suggesting the undifferentiated gneisses were derived by local remobilization of the grey Uivak gneisses. The Uivak gneisses resemble the Amitsoq gneisses of Godthaabsfjord both chemically and isotopically. The interpretation of the initial Sr isotopic composition of the Uivak gneisses is interpreted as the time of regional homogenization rather than the initial ratio of the plutonic igneous parents of the Uivak gneisses as suggested for the Amitsoq gneisses. Although the undifferentiated gneisses are contemporaneous with the Nuk gneisses of West Greenland, they do not form a well-defined calc-alkaline suite and may not be associated with major crustal thickening in the Labrador Archaean. 相似文献
16.
Momo-iwa, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan, is a dacite cryptodome 200–300 m across and 190 m high. The dome is inferred to have intruded wet, poorly consolidated sediment in a shallow marine environment. The internal structure of the dome is concentric, with a massive core, banded rim, and narrow brecciated border, all of which are composed of compositionally uniform feldspar-phyric dacite. Boundaries between each of the zones are distinct but gradational. The massive core consists of homogeneous coherent (unfractured) dacite and is characterized by radial columnar joints 60–200 cm across. The banded rim encircles the massive core and is 40 m wide. It is characterized by large-scale flow banding parallel to the dome surface. The flow banding comprises alternating partly crystalline and more glassy bands 80–150 cm thick. The outermost brecciated border is up to 80 cm thick, and consists of in situ breccia and blocky peperite. The in situ breccia comprises polyhedral dacite clasts 5–20 cm across and a cogenetic granular matrix. The blocky peperite consists of polyhedral dacite clasts 0.5–2 cm across separated by the host sediment (mudstone). The internal structures of the dome suggest endogenous growth involving a continuous magma supply during a single intrusive phase and simple expansion from the interior. Although much larger, the internal structures of Momo-iwa closely resemble those of lobes in subaqueous felsic lobe-hyaloclastite lavas. 相似文献
17.
东太湖的环境质量现状调查评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过1990—1991年东太湖的水文、水质、底质和生物凋查,对其水质作出评价并探求营养现状。结果表明:东太湖的水质状况良好,营养状况已进入中富营养状态叶。 相似文献
18.
白洋淀生态需水:进展及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用文献计量、统计分析等手段收集了国内外关于白洋淀生态需水核算的研究成果,系统梳理了15种白洋淀生态需水核算方法,获得了白洋淀不同时间尺度、不同等级生态需水核算结果,并结合雄安新区规划对白洋淀生态需水核算存在的问题及未来的需求提出了展望统计结果表明,白洋淀最小生态水位为7.45±0.66 m,适宜水位为8.61±0.52 m,最大水位为9.46±0.51 m;各等级生态需水月际变化趋势大致相同,8 9月最大,5月最小,但各月不同等级生态需水量的变幅较大;白洋淀最小生态补水量为1.35亿m~3,适宜补水量2.40亿m~3,最大生态补水量6.20亿m~3从支撑雄安新区规划建设的角度来看,目前白洋淀生态需水核算中面临的不足主要集中在生态管理目标和方法选择导致核算结果差异较大、缺乏淀区生态需水机制的阐释、生态需水核算时间尺度较粗略、未考虑淀区空间异质性的需水差异以及忽略河湖水文连通关系与过程5个方面;最后,以恢复白洋淀良性生态系统为导向,从分级分区开展白洋淀生态需水精细核算、分时分段淀区生态需水量质耦合模拟和考虑河湖沼连通的淀区水动力过程恢复3个方面提出了未来研究的建议与展望. 相似文献
19.
水体氮、磷营养盐水平对蓝藻优势形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以江苏省南京市富营养化程度不同的清溪、护城河、玄武湖、月牙湖、琵琶湖和前湖为研究对象,调查各水体浮游植物的群落特征和优势种,并结合藻类生长潜力试验,探究不同氮、磷营养水平的自然水体对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus）生长与竞争的影响.野外调查发现不同营养水平水体浮游植物优势种不同,按水体富营养化程度从高到底依次以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和隐藻分别占优势.单一藻种培养时,铜绿微囊藻在清溪、护城河和玄武湖水体中生长均较好,而斜生栅藻仅在高氮、磷浓度的清溪和护城河水体中有较大生长量,说明斜生栅藻对氮、磷的需求高于铜绿微囊藻;两种藻共培养时,清溪水体中斜生栅藻占优势,护城河和玄武湖水体中铜绿微囊藻占优势,但其他水体中两种藻均不能生长,说明氮、磷浓度过高或过低都不利于蓝藻形成优势.对低营养水平的玄武湖、琵琶湖、月牙湖和前湖水体进行氮、磷加富后,两种藻均能较好地生长,且各组没有显著差异,说明藻类在这些水体中生长受到氮、磷的限制,氮、磷浓度升高会增加水华发生的风险.本研究将野外调查和藻类生长潜力实验相结合,深入探究了蓝藻优势形成与水体氮、磷营养水平的关系,揭示了蓝藻水华是湖泊富营养化发展到特定阶段的产物,水体氮、磷浓度过高或过低均不易产生蓝藻优势. 相似文献