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我国玄武岩地下水研究现状及今后研究的主要问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从玄武岩含水层、富水性及其规律,玄武岩地下水的补给、迳流、排泄条件,水质等研究了我国的状况,对今后应重点研究的问题提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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秦志学 《水文地质工程地质》1985,(4)
为交流我国卅五年来三叠纪和新生代玄武岩分布地区地质、水文地质研究现状,讨论今后玄武岩地区地下水研究规划,于今年一月七日至十二日在保定召开了中国玄武岩地下水研究座谈会,这是地矿部系统专门讨论玄武岩地下水的第 相似文献
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冀北坝上一带玄武岩地区广布富偏硅酸地下水,研究其形成机制及其水岩作用过程对矿泉水的合理开发利用与京津冀水源涵养功能具有重要意义.结合玄武岩地质建造地下水赋存特征,综合利用水化学分析,玄武岩岩石风化机制,水岩相互作用矿物平衡体系,δD、δ18O和δ13C同位素、14C放射性同位素测年等方法,剖析了汉诺坝玄武岩偏硅酸矿泉水形成的岩石地球化学风化和水文地球化学过程及地质建造制约因素.结果表明,研究区矿泉水为低矿化度的HCO3-Ca·Mg型与HCO3-Na·Ca型水,矿泉水形成类型有构造断裂深循环淋溶型和层状补给富集埋藏型2类.上层古风化壳地下水14C校正年龄约为4 050 a,地下水可溶性无机碳来源于土壤CO2与幔源CO2的混合作用.偏硅酸矿泉水的形成与分布受玄武岩地质建造制约,受岩石地球化学特征、岩石风化地表过程和水文地球化学响应过程控制.地下水中偏硅酸主要来源于玄武岩中斜长石、单斜辉石、镁橄榄石等硅酸盐矿物的风化水解;岩石矿物风化的水化学响应过程受溶滤作用控制,受阳离子交换作用影响. 相似文献
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为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明：沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO3Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500 mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4为主,阳离子以Na+为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400 mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。 相似文献
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为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明:沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl-和SO42-为主,阳离子以Na+为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。 相似文献
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赤峰地区玄武岩地下水赋存类型及其地电特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
赤峰地区的新生代玄武岩，大致可划分为玄武岩高台地和高平原、丘陵、掩埋阶地3种地貌形态，该地区的地下水可划分为玄武岩裂隙水，层间裂隙孔隙水和层底砂砾石孔隙水3种类型，并通过实例讨论了各种类型地下水的地电特征，总结出了该地区的电阻率法找水规律。 相似文献
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Deccan basalts of west-central India are hydrogeologically inhomogeneous rocks. A proper understanding of the physical framework of the basalts within which groundwater resides and moves is a key to the hydrogeology of these rocks. Two types of basalt, the vesicular amygdaloidal basalt and the compact basalt, occur as alternate layers in the volcanic pile. Although the rocks are generally inhomogeneous, structures in the basalt, such as sheet joints and vertical joints, serve as zones of groundwater flow. In the shallow subsurface, two groundwater systems are operative. Groundwater system A consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt underlain by a compact basalt, whereas groundwater system B consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt overlain by a compact basalt. Groundwater system A has a better developed network of openings and, as a consequence, this system has a higher transmissivity and storage coefficient than groundwater system B. Wells tapping groundwater system A have higher yields on average and irrigate more hectares of cropland than do wells tapping groundwater system B. This simple systems concept offers a practical methodology for understanding the geometry of the physical framework that contains groundwater in the Deccan basalts. The efficacy of the concept is in its widespread utility for the region. The concept may also be extrapolated to help understand the hydrogeology of deeper Deccan basalt groundwater systems. 相似文献
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地下水与玄武财反应趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过建立水化学平衡反应模型,计算地下水组分的各种可能存在形式的浓度和活度,并求得各种矿的饱和指数,再用饱和指数分析水－岩相互作用过程中矿物的溶解与沉淀反应趋势。本文采用该方法对盱眙玄武岩土区水－岩间反应趋势进行了分析。 相似文献
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Therese K. Flaathen Sigurður R. Gislason Eric H. Oelkers Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir 《Applied Geochemistry》2009
A detailed study of the chemical composition of the groundwater surrounding the Mt. Hekla volcano in south Iceland was performed to assess fluid evolution and toxic metal mobility during CO2-rich fluid basalt interaction. These fluids provide a natural analogue for evaluating the consequences of CO2 sequestration in basalt. The concentration of dissolved inorganic C in these groundwaters decreases from 3.88 to 0.746 mmol/kg with increasing basalt dissolution while the pH increases from 6.9 to 9.2. This observation provides direct evidence of the potential for basalt dissolution to sequester CO2. Reaction path calculations suggest that dolomite and calcite precipitation is largely responsible for this drop in groundwater dissolved C concentration. The concentrations of toxic metal(loid)s in the waters are low, for example the maximum measured concentrations of Cd, As and Pb were 0.09, 22.8 and 0.06 nmol/kg, respectively. Reaction path modelling indicates that although many toxic metals may be initially liberated by the dissolution of basalt by acidic CO2-rich solutions, these metals are reincorporated into solid phases as the groundwaters are neutralized by continued basalt dissolution. The identity of the secondary toxic metal bearing phases depends on the metal. For example, calculations suggest that Sr and Ba are incorporated into carbonates, while Pb, Zn and Cd are incorporated into Fe (oxy)hydroxide phases. 相似文献
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Neerja Jha K. Pauline Sabina N. C. Mehrotra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(2):167-174
High fluoride content in the groundwater is reported from parts of the Gad River Basin, Sindhudurg district, coastal Maharashtra,
India. The fluoride content of up to 5 mg/l has been found in the groundwater in laterite, basalt and the Precambrian basement
(gneiss) aquifers in the region. The presence of high fluoride in groundwater well above the permissible levels for consumption
poses a serious health threat to the rural populace in the region. The presence of tourmaline bearing pegmatites in the Precambrian
basement is considered as a potential fluorine source. Deep circulation of fluoride rich groundwater between the latetritised
basalts and the underlying crystalline basement could be responsible for the occurrence of fluoride in both the shallow and
deeper aquifers of the region. 相似文献
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Jasper Candel Erin Brooks Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo George Grader Roel Dijksma 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(7):1739-1751
Globally, aquifers are suffering from large abstractions resulting in groundwater level declines. These declines can be caused by excessive abstraction for drinking water, irrigation purposes or industrial use. Basaltic aquifers also face these conflicts. A large flood basalt area (1.1?×?105 km2) can be found in the Northwest of the USA. This Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) consists of a thick series of basalt flows of Miocene age. The two major hydrogeological units (Wanapum and Grand Ronde formations) are widely used for water abstraction. The mean decline over recent decades has been 0.6 m year?1. At present day, abstraction wells are drying up, and base flow of rivers is reduced. At the eastern part of CRBG, the Moscow sub-basin on the Idaho/Washington State border can be found. Although a thick poorly permeable clay layer exists on top of the basalt aquifer, groundwater level dynamics suggest that groundwater recharge occurs at certain locations. A set of wells and springs has been monitored bi-weekly for 9 months for δ18O and δ2H. Large isotopic fluctuations and d-excess values close to the meteoric water line in some wells are indicating that recharge occurs at the granite/basalt interface through lateral flow paths in and below the clay. A soil moisture routing (SMR) model showed that most recharge occurs on the granitic mountains. The basaltic aquifer receives recharge from these sedimentary zones around the granite/basalt interface. The identification of these types of areas is of major importance for future managed-aquifer recharge solutions to solve problems of groundwater depletion. 相似文献
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滑坡体水-岩(土)作用是一种复杂的物理化学综合作用,影响坡体的稳定性,但关于目前水-岩(土)相互作用对地质灾害发生方面的影响研究仍较为薄弱。以贵州省鸡场滑坡为研究对象,分析滑坡区岩土体矿物组成和化学成分特征,结合区域内基岩裂隙水、大气降水的成分变化,利用主成分分析方法,研究鸡场滑坡水-岩(土)作用过程,并分析水岩演化作用对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明：(1)滑体内玄武岩的风化过程是一种机械破碎-矿物蚀变耦合的水-岩相互作用,发生在“微观-细观-宏观”3种尺度上;(2)选取前3个因子Z1、Z2、Z3(分别占总方差的49.365%、27.135%、15.092%)分析地下水的化学特征,主因子Z1反映了玄武岩原生矿物的溶蚀作用对地下水化学成分的控制作用,主因子Z2反映了地下水的蒸发作用与SiO2溶解度随pH变化的矿物沉淀作用,主因子Z3反映了地下水与岩(土)体间存在离子交换作用且主参与离子为Mg2+和K+ 相似文献