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1.
调制成像γ射线望远镜 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调制成像γ射线望远镜李惕碚，吴枚，陆柱国，王建中，张春生，马宇蒨，孙学军，沈培若，林宝军，李延国，张承模（中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京１０００３９）主题词空间仪器－γ天文－成像从～２０ｋｅＶ至～１ＭｅＶ的低能γ射线成像是空间天文的一个困难问题，对低... 相似文献
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对中小红移不同光度ＡＧＮ的大蓝包位置进行了统计检验,主要统计方法是对比软Ｘ射线波段谱指数（αｓｘ）分布与“直线”连接紫外１０５０Ａ和软Ｘ射线０．５ｋｅＶ的幂指数（αｕｖ－ｓｚ）分布,经过平均值统计和Ｋ－Ｓ检验,表明二分布是类似的。因此,在１０５０Ａ至０．５ｋｅＶ中可能是幂律谱,统计预言大蓝包峰值在１０５０Ａ附近,这个统计结果在软Ｘ选低光度ＡＧＮ样本（ＷＦ９３）上亦能得到,这表明ＷＦ９３样品尽管普 相似文献
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Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线望远镜ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ／ＣＧＲＯ工作于０．７５－３０ＭｅＶ能区，本文应用直接解调方法分析ＣＧＲＯ＃１观测的ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ数据，准确定出Ｃｒａｂγ射线源的位置，在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区，分辨开最大似然法所不能完全分辨的Ｃｒａｂγ射线源和类星体ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４，得出优于传统成像方法所得的成像结果．应用直接成像方法处理γ射线脉冲星Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ分位相数据，发现Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区仍存在辐射，辐射集中在Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ第一个峰的位相区域．结果表明，应用直接解调方法对Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ望远镜数据作成像分析是完全可行的 相似文献
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光学观测表明,致密星系群ＳＣＧＧ ２２３中成员星系的速度弥散高达１１０６ｋｍ／ｓ,并且 整个星系群处于平衡状态．星系群的数值模拟也显示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是维里化的．这些光学 波段上的研究结果暗示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３可能具有星系团量级的大引力质量,其星系际气体则 很可能处在极高温的状态．为了证实这些推测,作者在 １９９９年 ２月利用 ＡＳＣＡ卫星对 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３进行了 Ｘ射线观测．通过光谱分析,获得了它的气体温度和 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ波段 上的光度分别为ｋＴ＝１．４_（－０．４）~（＋．６）： ｋｅＶ和９．８５_（－２．０４）~（６．１１）× １０３６Ｊ Ｓ－１．与光学观测所作出的预计相 反,这些数值显示 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是一个正常的低温星系群．由于 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３在 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ 波段上很暗,无法从ＡＳＣＡ获得的Ｘ射线表面亮度分布推算其总引力质量,因此,尚不 能直接判断它的质量是否真的像光学维里质量那样大． 相似文献
5.
Comptonγ射线望远镜的直接解调成像 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线望远镜ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ／ＣＧＲＯ工作于０．７５－３０ＭｅＶ能区，本应用直接解调方法分析了ＣＧＲＯ＃１观测的ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ数据，准确定出Ｃａｒａｂγ射线源的位置，在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区，分辨开最大似然法所不能完全分辨的Ｃｒａｂγ射线源和类星体ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４，得出优于传统成像方法所得的成像结果。 相似文献
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本文详细讨论了Ｘ射线双星ＣｙｇＸ－３的Ｘ光子场对γ射线的吸收效应，计算结果表明：当ＣｙｇＸ－３的Ｘ光子发射场处于高态时，从致密中子星附近发射的能量为１０＾２－１０＾４ＭｅＶ的γ射线约有６０％被其吸收，吸收过程产生的正负电子的逆Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ散射会使出射能量１０－７０ＭｅＶ的 γ射线强度平均增加约５０％，计算的γ射线能谱与实验观测结果基本相符。 相似文献
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在中央中子星吸积模型较好地解释了超新星ＳＮ１９８７Ａ晚期光度演化的基础上,本文提出了ＳＮ１９８７Ａ晚期Ｘ射线辐射的一种新的解释．利用模型计算出的吸积光度以及ＳＮ１９８７Ａ膨胀气体包层的化学组分及分布,计算了出射的软Ｘ射线（０．５２ｋｅＶ）光度的演化,并与观测作了比较．我们认为ＳＮ１９８７Ａ晚期由中央中子星吸积产生的软Ｘ射线光度经过一段时间的增长后,将在４１００天左右开始下降． 相似文献
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用同步自康普顿机制（ＳＳＣ）来解释１９９４年５月在ＢＬＬａｃ天体Ｍｒｋ４２１中观测到的ＴｅＶＸ射线爆发．认为此ＴｅｖＸ射线爆发是由一个高能成分产生的,它具有平坦的电子能量分布,其低能段上能谱指数αｅ≈０２５．这个爆发成分独立于另一个低能成分（或宁静成分）．此宁静成分具有较陡的电子能量分布,它产生宁静态的辐射能谱．大多数射电爆发表明电子能量分布有坦谱,能谱指数αｅ～０２－０４．与这个事实一起,上述结果意味着活动星系核中粒子加速的基本机制产生平坦的电子能量分布． 相似文献
9.
用同步－自康普顿机制（ＳＳＣ）来解释１９９４年５月在ＢＬｌａｃ天体Ｍｒｋ４２１中观测到的ＴｅＶ－Ｘ射线爆发,认为此Ｔｅｘ－Ｘ射线爆发是由一个高能成分产生的,它具有平坦的电子能量分布,其低能段上能谱指数αｅ≈０．２５,这个爆发成分独立另一个低能成分（或宁静成分）此宁静成分具有较陡的电子能量分布,它产生宁静态的辐射能谱。大多数射电爆发表明电子能量分布有坦谱,能谱指数αｅ≈０．２－０．４,与这个事实一起 相似文献
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1 科学使命和仪器概况2 0 0 1年 1月 1 0日 ,由中国科学院紫金山天文台研制的超软Ｘ射线探测器和γ射线探测器随神舟二号飞船发射升空并于 1月 1 4日成功投入空间观测 .半年以来 ,两台仪器工作性能稳定 ,遥测参数正常 ,下传的科学数据质量良好 ,完全达到了设计要求 ,并已观测到若干宇宙Ｘ和γ射线爆发事例 ,取得了很有价值的科学数据 .空间天文分系统是载人航天工程空间科学与应用系统的重要组成部分 .它由宽能段、高时间分辨的 3台船载仪器组成 ,并能够相互联合、同步触发观测 .其中 ,超软Ｘ射线探测器的探测能段为 0 .2～ 2ｋｅＶ ,Ｘ射… 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2004,169(1):216-241
We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl2, MgS, MgCl, FeCl2, FeS, FeCl, and SiS. 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(10)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2005,173(2):454-468
We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10−6 to 10+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I2 (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F. 相似文献
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Li Xin-nan Zhang Hai-ying Cui Xiang-qun Jiang Zi-bo Zheng Yi Liu Xing-tao Ni Hou-kun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2012
A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope. 相似文献
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Yehouda Enzel Rivka Amit Uri Dayan Onn Crouvi Ron Kahana Baruch Ziv David Sharon 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):165-192
Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant. 相似文献
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Philippe Stee 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):225-236
Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar
environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better
constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the
importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells.
Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The central compact object for some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be a strongly magnetized millisecond pulsar. It can inject energy to the outer shock of the GRB by through the magnetic dipole radiation, and therefore causes the shallow decay of the early afterglow. Recently, from a large number of GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift/XRT(X-ray telescope), it is revealed that many of them exhibit the shallow decay about 102∼104 s after the burst prompt emission. We have fitted the X-ray afterglow light curves of 11 GRBs by using the energy injection model of a magnetar with the rotation period in the millisecond order of magnitude. The obtained result shows the validity and universality of the magnetar energy injection model in explaining the shallow decay of afterglows, and simultaneously provides some constraints on the magnetic field strength and rotation period of the central magnetar. 相似文献