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1.
Millimeter-wavelength radar has proved to be an effective instrument for cloud observation and research. In this study, 8-mm-wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) with Doppler and polarization capabilities was used to investigate cloud dynamics in China for the first time. Its design, system specifications, calibration, and application in measuring clouds associated with typhoon are discussed in this article. The cloud radar measurements of radar reflectivity (Z), Doppler velocity (Vr), velocity spectrum width (Sw) and the depolar-ization ratio (LDR) at vertical incidence were used to analyze the microphysical and dynamic processes of the cloud system and precipitation associated with Typhoon Nuri, which occurred in southern China in August 2008. The results show the reflectivity observed using MMCR to be consistent with the echo height and the melting-layer location data obtained by the nearby China S-band new-generation weather radar (SA), but the Ka-band MMCR provided more detailed structural information about clouds and weak precipitation data than did the SA radar. The variation of radar reflectivity and LDR in vertical structure reveals the transformation of particle phase from ice to water. The vertical velocity and velocity spectrum width of MMCR observations indicate an updraft and strong turbulence in the stratiform cloud layer. MMCR provides a valuable new technology for meteorological research in China. 相似文献
2.
毫米波云雷达功率谱密度数据的检验和
在弱降水滴谱反演中的应用研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
本文首先利用数值模拟的方法,分析了利用毫米波云雷达功率谱密度反演雨滴谱时,降水粒子米散射效应、空气湍流、空气上升速度等对雨滴谱和液态水含量等参数反演的影响;建立了功率谱密度处理及其直接反演雨滴谱、液态水含量、降水强度和空气上升速度的方法;并利用2012年7月在云南腾冲观测的二次弱降水数据,采用毫米波雷达和Ku波段微降水雷达观测的回波强度、径向速度垂直廓线以及780 m高度上的功率谱密度对比的方法,以及毫米波云雷达观测的780 m高度上功率谱密度、回波强度与地面雨滴谱计算得到的这些量的对比方法,分析了毫米波雷达数据的可靠性;并将780 m高度上毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱与地面雨滴谱数据进行了对比,分析了毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱的准确性;分析了毫米波雷达回波强度偏弱的原因,讨论了该高度以下降水对毫米波雷达衰减的影响。结果表明:空气湍流对弱降水微物理参数反演影响不大,而空气上升速度和米散射效应均对反演结果有一定影响;毫米波雷达观测到的径向速度和功率谱密度与微降水雷达比较一致,回波强度的垂直廓线的形状与微降水雷达也比较一致,但毫米波雷达观测的回波强度偏弱;与雨滴谱计算值相比,毫米波雷达观测的低层的回波强度也偏弱,天线上的积水是造成毫米波雷达回波强度变弱的主要原因。毫米波雷达观测的低层的功率谱密度与地面雨滴谱观测的数据形状比较一致,但有一定的位移。毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱与地面观测的谱型和粒子大小也比较一致。这些结果初步验证了毫米波雷达观测的功率谱密度及其反演方法的可靠性。 相似文献
3.
运用雷达反射率因子（Z）与降水强度（R）之间的关系定量估测降水,降水云体中的大气垂直运动（wa）不可忽视。PARSIVEL激光雨滴谱仪（简称PARSIVEL）在获取雨滴粒径分布的同时可以从测量的雨滴下降速度分布中提取wa,用于分析PARSIVEL高度上的大气垂直运动对雷达Z估测降水强度影响。使用2014年5-6月华南季风降水观测试验期间广东阳江5次层状云、6次对流性降水过程中PARSIVEL数据分析大气垂直运动对定量估测降水影响,wa对层状云和对流云降水强度影响范围分别为-0.18~1.05 mm·h-1和-5.44~24.81 mm·h-1,相对影响值分别为-13.61%~13.99%,-38.59%~25.92%。静止大气条件下,雷达估算降水Z-R关系式中系数A,b引起的层状云和对流云降水估测偏差平均分别为10.9%和25.5%。真实大气中雷达估测降水的偏差平均情况是层状云降水由于wa的对消作用降低为9.2%,对流云降水则增加到51.2%。对流性降水中大气垂直运动对雷达估测降水的影响较大。 相似文献
4.
Dr. D. P. Jorgensen T. Matejka J. D. DuGranrut 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,59(1-2):83-104
Summary Two techniques for deriving horizontal and vertical air motions using vertically scanning airborne Doppler radar data are presented and discussed. These techniques make use of the scanning ability of the NOAA P-3 tail-mounted radar antenna to view a region of space from at least two vantage points during a straight-line flight track. The scanning methodology is termed the Fore/Aft Scanning Technique or FAST because the antenna is alternately scanning forward and then aft of the flight track. The major advantages of FAST over flying two quasi-orthogonal flight tracks with the antenna scanning normal to the flight track are that the data are collected in roughly half the time and the aircraft does not have to execute a right-angle turn. However, accuracy of the resulting wind field is compromised slightly because the beam intersection angle is reduced from 90° to about 50°. The reduction of area covered because of large drift angles is also discussed.A three-dimensional wind field can be constructed using the dual-Doppler equations from FAST data using the two radial velocity estimates and vertical integration of the continuity equation with a boundary condition of no vertical motion at cloud top and the Earth's surface. To keep errors in the calculated winds acceptably small, the elevation angles are typically restricted to ±45° from the horizontal to minimize contamination of the horizontal wind by terminal fallspeeds.A different, and perhaps more believable vertical velocity, can be derived using a second technique that utilizes two (or more) airborne Doppler radar equipped aircraft each using FAST to observe the echo-top vertical velocity at common point (e.g., two aircraft flying parallel flight, paths, or by using an L-shaped flight track with a single aircraft). This technique results in 4 (or more) radial velocity estimates at each point (hence is called the quad-Doppler technique). Horizontal winds can be derived using either an overdetermined three-equation solution or an overdetermined dual-Doppler solution, whichever is more accurate. For the calculation of vertical velocity a new approach is proposed that utilizes the overdetermined triple-Doppler solution for vertical particle motion near cloud top, minus an estimate of terminal fallspeeds, as a top boundary condition for the downward vertical divergence integration to derive vertical air velocity elsewhere in the domain. In addition, this approach allows measurements at steep elevation angles allowing for more depth of coverage for a given range.To show the utility of the method, analyses of data collected using FAST are compared to conventional dual-Doppler-derived wind fields constructed from data collected simultaneously by S-band ground-based Doppler radars. An example of the quad-Doppler technique is also presented from the recently completed Tropical Oceans/Global Atmospheres Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA/COARE). Comparisons of quad-Doppler vertical velocity are made with in-situ derived vertical air motions collected by the NASA DC-8 to judge the quality of the approach.With 9 Figures 相似文献
5.
3mm多普勒云雷达测量反演云内空气垂直速度的研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
垂直指向的W-波段大气云雷达(WACR)不仅测量云粒子的反射率因子Z, 而且测量多普勒速度谱。本文利用寿县气象站WACR在2008年11月1日一个时段的测量, 进行云内空气垂直速度反演试验。首先讨论个例中反射率、 Doppler平均速度及谱宽的分布特征及原因, 然后利用小粒子示踪法和改进的以小粒子示踪法为基础的粒子下降速度w0—反射率因子 (w0－Z) 关系法反演了云内空气垂直速度, 进而结合Doppler谱数据分析反演结果。结果显示: 小粒子示踪法在湍流较弱时能比较精确地反演空气垂直速度, 而湍流较强时, 湍流造成的误差不可忽略; 改进算法在湍流较强时能够减少湍流对反演结果的影响。 相似文献
6.
利用2008年9月—2016年8月的CloudSat卫星资料对发生在我国低纬度陆地区域(5°～36.5°N, 78°～124°E)的卷云物理特征进行统计分析,并分别讨论东部沿海、中部、西部3个子区域的卷云物理特征的季节变化。结果表明：卷云的整层发生率西部地区整体低于中部与东部沿海地区。3个子区域整层发生率均在夏季最高、冬季最低。卷云的主要发生高度在5.04～18.71 km,垂直分布中卷云发生率的最大值出现在春季中部地区,为15.34%,高度为9.83 km。冰水路径最大值出现在夏季的东部沿海,液水路径最大值在秋季的西部地区。冰水含量、冰粒数浓度、冰粒有效半径的主要分布高度与卷云的发生高度一致,液水含量、液滴数浓度、液滴有效半径的主要分布高度在5.04～9.35 km。3个子区域卷云冰水含量、冰粒数浓度、冰粒有效半径垂直分布中大多集中在中上部;液水含量垂直分布主要集中在分布高度的中下部。四季卷云雷达反射率因子的最大值在-19.89～-16.78 dBZ,分布高度在7.19～10.55 km。 相似文献
7.
垂直指向探测的C波段调频连续波雷达具有高灵敏度和高时空分辨率等特点,以2016年5月广东两次飑线降水为例,结合同址K波段微雨雷达和地面激光雨滴谱仪,探究C波段调频连续波雷达两种反演大气垂直速度(Va)和雨滴谱的方法:粒子平均下落末速度(Vt)-反射率因子(Ze)关系法(简称经验关系法)和小粒子示踪法(简称示踪法)。结果表明:经验关系法和示踪法反演的上升和下沉气流的时空分布基本一致;当地面雨强R≤1 mm·h-1,经验关系法反演的雨滴谱与雨滴谱仪观测结果更接近;当1-1时,两种方法反演的雨滴谱均与雨滴谱仪观测及微雨雷达产品较吻合;当R>10 mm·h-1时,两种方法反演的中雨滴数浓度与雨滴谱仪观测结果接近,但大雨滴数浓度较低;从各物理量时序变化看,经验关系法反演结果更接近雨滴谱仪观测结果。 相似文献
8.
热带深对流云砧数值模拟及云凝结核数浓度对其影响的初步试验 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的三维强风暴模式,对Egrett Microphysics Experiment with Radiation Lidar and Dynamics（EMERALD）试验期间的一次长寿命热带深对流个例进行对流产生、发展、消亡过程以及云砧的数值模拟,并与实测资料［包括C波段双线偏振雷达图像资料、机载云粒子成像仪（CPI）探测的云砧卷云微物理特性以及激光雷达探测的云砧宏观特性资料］进行了细致的对比,然后通过改变模式中最大云滴数浓度进行有关云凝结核数浓度影响云砧卷云冰晶含水量和数浓度的敏感性试验。模式较好地模拟出系统的一些重要宏观特征,如爆发性增长阶段、各高度雷达水平反射率因子的最大值、对流云主体移动方向、云砧底部和顶部高度。对云砧冰相粒子含水量、数浓度以及平均直径等微观特征的模拟结果与实测也比较接近。对于本文个例而言,异质核化为冰晶形成的最主要方式,其次为过冷云滴的均质核化。敏感性试验结果表明:当云凝结核数浓度增加时,爆发性增长阶段的垂直速度减小,使得对流云从中低层向高层的水物质输送量减少,从而使云砧卷云冰晶的数量减少。 相似文献
9.
反演大气垂直速度和雨滴谱分布是研究云降水机制和云微物理信息的重要内容,对人工预报天气、干预天气都有重要意义。针对2021年8月29日安徽省内毫米波雷达探测到的一次对流云降水过程,处理毫米波雷达的功率谱数据并进行大气垂直速度和雨滴谱反演。在小粒子示踪法的基础上引入改进小粒子示踪法：选取有效云信号段中最小功率对应的谱点作为反演大气垂直速度的示踪物。首先,根据改进前后的小粒子示踪法分别从功率谱数据中反演大气垂直速度,并跟基数据反演大气速度的结果展开对比分析。进一步得到粒子在静止空气中的下落速度,根据现有粒子下落速度-粒子直径之间的经验公式计算反演粒子直径。研究表明：(1) 采用改进后的小粒子示踪法反演大气垂直速度得到的结果比小粒子示踪法得到的结果更精确,在云层内部两者误差较大;(2) 进一步得到粒子下落速度,结合探测时段的天气状况,得到的粒子速度与大气速度可很好地契合,跟对流云天气情况信息大致吻合;(3) 粒子浓度是反演雨滴谱分布时需要注意的主要参数,云在快速发展过程中,内部粒子持续朝外部扩张,云内部的粒子浓度较小,云边界的粒子浓度反而较大。 相似文献
10.
Dong-Kyun Kim Yeon-Hee Kim Dong-Eon Chang 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(5):413-420
This study investigates microphysical properties from wind profiler Doppler spectra observed within a precipitation system that produced high rainfall rates up to 40 mm hr?1 near the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula on 25～26 June 2010. A 1290-MHz wind profiler located in the National Center for Intensive Observation of Severe Weather at Boseong, Korea, observed a widespread stratiform region and short-lived convective cells from 1850 UTC 25 to 0200 UTC 26 June 2010. By using a spectral model applied to observed profiler spectra, rainfall parameters and raindrop size distributions were retrieved below a melting layer during this period. Three representative periods during precipitation were selected based on intensities of bright band and characteristics in vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity. During a brief convective period (～30 min), radar reflectivity tended to be proportional to vertical air motion (positive upward), suggesting that updrafts up to ～3 m s?1 over a large vertical extent through the melting layer probably contributed to increasing rainfall rates at the surface. In reflectivityrainfall rate distributions, large drop spectra (high reflectivity) were analyzed within downdrafts and small drop spectra (low reflectivity) within updrafts, similar to the large and small drop spectra but found in stratiform and convective regions, respectively, in previous studies. This indicates that the degree of spread between reflectivity and rainfall rate may be strongly dependent on positive and negative magnitudes of vertical air motion. For three categories of vertical air motion (i.e., updrafts, neutral, and downdrafts), physical relations between the retrieved rainfall parameters were examined. 相似文献
11.
基于地基云雷达、微雨雷达和天气雷达等遥测设备观测资料,结合挂载KPR云雷达和DMT粒子测量系统的飞机平台,详细分析了山东积层混合云降水过程的云降水微物理结构特征。结果表明,积层混合云降水过程呈现层状云和对流云降水特征。零度层以上,5～6 km高度层内,对流云降水多普勒速度和谱宽均大于层状云,说明对流云降水环境垂直气流、粒子尺度等均大于层状云。对流云降水,云雷达和微雨雷达时空剖面上出现由衰减造成的“V”字形缺口,云雷达衰减程度大于微雨雷达,且随高度增加,衰减越大。层状云降水,零度层亮带附近,雷达反射率因子跃增高度比多普勒速度高80 m,多普勒速度跃增高度又比谱宽高20 m。降水云系零度层附近降水机制复杂,粒子形态有辐枝冰晶聚合物、针状冰晶聚合物和云滴;0°C层以上,5～6 km处,对流云降水的多普勒速度和谱宽均大于层状云降水,即对流云降水环境垂直气流、粒子尺度范围等均大于层状云降水。 相似文献
12.
本文大用多普勒雷达垂直探测的速度估测大气垂直速度的方法－速度三阶中心短法（简称M3法）的基础上，利用雨滴谱资料，分析了降水粒子的最大直径Dmax对M3法的影响，并从实际工作出发，用反射率因子和多普勒谱宽拟合了Dmax和雨强（I),提高了大气垂直速度的估计精度。 相似文献
13.
Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of a Stratiform Rain Event Using an L-Band Profiler Radar 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper investigates spatial and temporal distributions of the microphysical properties of precipitating stratiform clouds based on Doppler spectra of rain particles observed by an L-band profiler radar.The retrieval of raindrop size distributions（RSDs） is accomplished through eliminating vertical air motion and isolating the terminal fall velocity of raindrops in the observed Doppler velocity spectrum.The microphysical properties of raindrops in a broad stratiform region with weak convective cells are studied using data collected from a 1320-MHz wind profiler radar in Huayin,Shaanxi Province on 14 May 2009.RSDs and gamma function parameters are retrieved at altitudes between 700 and 3000 m above the surface,below a melting layer.It is found that the altitude of the maximum number of raindrops was closely related to the surface rain rate.The maximum number of large drops was observed at lower altitudes earlier in the precipitation event but at higher altitudes in later periods,suggesting decreases in the numbers of large and medium size raindrops.These decreases may have been caused by the breakup of larger drops and evaporation of smaller drops as they fell.The number of medium size drops decreased with increasing altitude.The relationship between reflectivity and liquid water content during this precipitation event was Z = 1.69×10~4M~（1.5）,and the relationship between reflectivity and rain intensity was Z = 256I~（1.4）. 相似文献
14.
利用三维变分方法对2014年3月30—31日华南一次强飑线过程进行风场反演,经与风廓线雷达探测结果、双多普勒天气雷达反演结果、原始径向速度数据等对比分析,得到如下结论：三维变分方法反演的中低层水平风场与风廓线雷达探测到的结果较为一致,且能很好地表现飑线过境时的风向切变;通过与双多普勒雷达风场反演结果对比发现,两种方法得到的风场空间分布十分相似,均能很好地表现2 km高度上系统内部强带状回波前缘的辐合线以及5 km高度上较弱的辐散;三维变分方法反演的水平风场与径向速度场有较好的一致性,2 km高度强回波带前缘阵风锋处的辐合线位置以及5 km和8 km高度上辐散区的位置均与径向速度场十分吻合;三维变分方法反演的垂直速度能较好地反映该飑线过程中气流的上升和下沉运动,平行于飑线方向的气流变化较小,而系统气流变化主要沿垂直于飑线的方向。三维变分方法反演的飑线系统的三维风场结构合理,反演结果可靠。 相似文献
15.
结合毫米波雷达提取降水条件下风廓线雷达大气垂直速度的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风廓线雷达主要是利用大气湍流对电磁波的散射作用,在晴空条件下对大气风场等进行探测。在降水天气下,风廓线雷达能同时接收到大气湍流回波和雨滴的散射回波信号,其探测到的回波功率谱中降水信号谱和大气湍流信号谱叠加在一起,使得大气的运动被雨滴的运动信息所掩盖,给后续的大气风场反演带来误差。而毫米波云雷达在降水天气下仅能探测到云雨粒子的回波而无法探测到大气湍流回波,基于这一差异结合毫米波云雷达资料对风廓线雷达功率谱数据进行订正,剔除其中的降水回波信息,进而获取正确的大气运动垂直速度。通过一次典型弱降水天气过程的雷达资料对该方法进行了可行性验证,并将计算得出的大气垂直速度与传统双峰法提取的大气运动垂直速度及原始风廓线雷达垂直速度进行了对比分析,显示在弱降水天气下该方法能有效消除降水对风廓线雷达垂直速度测量的影响,提高弱降水天气下测速准确率,并且在湍流谱极其微弱的情况下该方法也能准确地获取到大气运动垂直速度信息。但是云雷达回波在降水时会有衰减,虽然是弱降水也会导致在高层距离库上的订正效果变差,故目前只适用于弱降水时低距库处的降水订正。 相似文献
16.
Summary A wind‐profiling Doppler radar equipped with a radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) may be used to estimate the vertical
profile of the vertical flux of heat in the atmosphere. Simultaneous measurements of the time‐varying temperature and vertical
air velocity are combined to give the convective heat flux using the eddy‐correlation method. The accuracy of the estimates
depends on the fundamental accuracy of the temperature and vertical velocity measurements. Also, in common with all eddy‐correlation
methods, uncertainties are introduced by the need to define a suitable averaging time and to remove trends. A problem unique
to RASS is the possible presence of ground and intermittent clutter at close ranges, which can cause errors in the vertical
air velocity measurements. These considerations are discussed with particular reference to observations using a UHF radar
wind profiler situated in an urban environment, where clutter is a serious problem.
A Rank‐Order Signal Processing Algorithm (ROSPA) for recognizing and eliminating outliers in the vertical velocity, is introduced.
It is explained how ROSPA uses both a minimum filter and a median filter on the velocity data. It is shown, using a comparison
with nearly clutter free data from a rural site, that the filtering substantially improves the quality of the noisy urban
data. The paper then compares RASS‐measured urban and rural heat flux profiles, along with the heat flux profile measured
by an instrumented airplane. It is concluded that the main obstacles to RASS heat flux measurements are the effects of winds
and turbulence in the boundary layer, rather than clutter.
Received September 24, 1998 Revised January 27, 1999 相似文献
17.
The removal of noise and velocity ambiguity and retrieval and verification of horizontal wind
field is a prerequisite to make the best and fullest use of Doppler radar measurements. This approach was
applied to the Doppler radar data collected during August 2005 for a landing typhoon Matsa (0509) in
Yantai, Shangdong Province, and the verified result shows that the quality control for this dataset was
successful. The horizontal wind field was retrieved and then verified by studying the characteristics of the
radar radial velocity and large-scale wind field and the vertical cross section of the radial velocity
determined with the typhoon center as the circle center and comparing it with satellite imagery. The results
show that the meso- and small-scale systems in Matsa and its horizontal and vertical structure could be
clearly retrieved using the dataset collected by single Doppler radar, and a shear or a convergence was
corresponding with a band of severe storm around Matsa. At the same time, the retrieved wind field from
single Doppler radar is proved to be a reliable and high-resolution dataset in analyzing the inner
meso-scale structure of Matsa. It is also proved that the method for removing the velocity ambiguity could
be an effective approach for preliminary quality control of the Doppler radar data, and the VAP method
could also be a reasonable solution for the analysis of mesoscale wind field. 相似文献
18.
利用我国自己研制的W波段云雷达地基探测资料,分析了合肥一次小雨云系的微物理过程,然后利用两个不同地区的地基及机载探测资料,初步反演了水云及卷云的微物理参数。结果表明:(1)回波强度增大,多普勒速度、线性退极化比(LDR)、谱宽激增的地方为融化层顶,根据LDR亮带可初步判定融化层的厚度;(2)利用经验关系法,对卷云冰水含量和水云的液态水含量进行了反演,利用推导的公式反演得到冰晶云云粒子的有效半径;(3)利用逐库订正法对水云的回波强度进行订正,得到了衰减订正后的液态水含量,减小了反演误差。 相似文献
19.
消除噪音和速度模糊、进行水平风场的反演并检验是正确使用和充分利用多普勒雷达探测资料的前提.对2005年8月山东烟台多普勒雷达探测到的0509号台风"麦莎"的存在速度模糊的径向速度资料首先进行噪音和速度模糊消除处理,检验结果表明对资料的退模糊处理是成功的;其次进行了水平风场的反演,并对反演的风场从雷达径向速度的特征、大尺度环境风场特征、与卫星云图云带的对比和以台风中心为圆心计算的径向风垂直剖面特征等方面进行检验.结果表明,利用单多普勒雷达探测资料得到的水平风场能够清晰地给出登陆热带气旋内部存在的中小尺度系统,及其水平和垂直结构,并表明与台风外围雨带强降水区域相对应的是明显的中尺度水平风场的切变与辐合区.反演风场也可以为进一步利用单多普勒雷达探测资料分析和研究登陆台风内部的中尺度结构提供高分辨率的可靠的分析资料.同时证明,使用的退速度模糊方法能够有效地应用于较完整资料的速度模糊的自动消除,以及VAP方法对于中小尺度风场分析的实用性. 相似文献
20.
雷达反射率因子在中尺度云分辨模式初始化中的应用Ⅱ：数值模拟试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
将反演的云微物理量和垂直速度采用"牛顿连续松弛逼近"(Nudging)技术应用到GRAPES模式中,对一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。通过设计不同的试验方案,分别对水汽、液态水和垂直速度对Nudging效果以及预报结果的影响进行了考察。研究发现,采用Nudging初始化方法,可使背景场与观测反演资料相协调,实现了模式中对流的热启动,模式预报的开始时刻就产生降水,缩短Spin-up时间。水汽对降水至关重要,对降水的强度和持续时间都有重要影响;云水、雨水和垂直速度决定了初始时刻对流的强弱分布并产生降水;水平风场决定了系统的移动方向,对预报降水的落区有重要影响。模式比较成功地模拟了6 h的降水过程,中尺度天气系统的时空特征比较明显,对流中心上升速度最大值约2.0 m/s,云水含量400 hPa以上较大,最大值约1.5 g/kg,雨水含量500 hPa以下较大,最大约3.0 g/kg,底层辐合高层辐散。反演资料对降水的影响随预报时间的增加而减弱,预报1 h之内反演资料有明显影响,3 h之后的预报则主要依赖模式自身。鉴于仅使用一部雷达资料的反射率因子资料,雷达资料没有覆盖整个模式区域,天气系统被截断,反演和同化过程还采用了一些经验参数方法等原因,数值模拟结果与雷达观测之间还存在一定的差异,有待于更深入的研究。 相似文献