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1.
《地下水》2017,(3)
北方物流城在运行过程中会产生生产垃圾与生产废水、生活垃圾和生活污水,区域地下水环境质量较差,分析地下水流场变化特征,根据污染物排放情况,确定污染指标,设定污染情景和源强,采用Mod Flow三维水流模型和溶质运移模型对北方物流城地下水环境影响进行预测和评价,结果显示:区域内浅层潜水水质相对较差,主要超标污染物为硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮,含水层岩性为中粗砂和卵砾石,渗透性强,地下水流水力坡度大,污染物运移快,地下水极易受到污染,主要污染物为氨氮和CODCr。在无防渗或事故有防渗破裂情境下,浅层潜水会受到污染,如果叠加出现防渗层破损情况,造成地下水污染的风险会加大。为保护地下水环境提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
武汉市区第四系含水层地下水有机污染敏感性研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  
在详细调查武汉市水文地质条件和地下水污染现状的基础上，获得了高精度的武汉市水环境中微量有机污染物的组成数据。所检测出的有机组分达30余种，以苯及相关苯系物为主，污染程度较高的地下水主要分布在人口密集区和工业，商业区，应用改进的DRASTIC模型－地下水污染敏感性评价模型，在GIS平台上，编制了武汉市区地下水污染敏感性分区图。根据其评价结果，建议集中对那些敏感性相对较高的区域采取有效的环保措施，开发利用时应作出风险评价。  相似文献   

3.
朱金花 《地下水》2013,(3):22-25,30
石羊河流域水资源严重不足,过度开发利用,进入下游地区地表水量逐渐减少,地下水位普遍持续下降,导致河湖干涸、林木死亡、草场退化、沙尘暴肆虐、河流及地下水污染等一系列生态环境问题。依据流域内154眼地下水井的水质监测资料,对流域地下水水质现状进行评价,分析流域地下水质量在空间上的分布及变化状况。分析结果,整个流域受到污染,提出加强综合治理保护地下水资源已非常迫切。  相似文献   

4.
通过测试地下水样品中“三氮”含量,采用非致癌风险评价模型进行健康风险评价.结果表明,与《地下水质量标准》（GB14848—2017）限值对比,硝酸盐氮超标率8%,主要分布在研究区东南部及西南部区域;氨氮超标率10%,主要分布在中部及南部区域.地下水中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水质占比83%;Ⅳ及Ⅴ类水水质占比17%.地下水样品中“三氮”总非致癌风险指数及总致癌性风险指数均低于美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价标准.整体上研究区“三氮”污染程度相对较轻,“三氮”污染区域主要分布于人类活动密集地区.健康风险评价可为地区地下水中“三氮”污染监控和治理提供技术参考.  相似文献   

5.
地下水水质监测与评价   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11  
地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。  相似文献   

6.
汤崇发 《地下水》2014,(4):127-128
污染指数包括单项指标的污染指数（ I）和内梅罗综合污染指数（ PI）,在地下水污染评价中应用广泛。本文以吴川市地下水污染评价为例,说明污染指数法在地下水污染评价中的应用：初步确定地下水污染源、进行浅层地下水污染等级分区、地表水对浅层地下水污染的影响评价等;并且指出了污染指数法用于评价地下水污染的不足。  相似文献   

7.
王帅  肖卓斌  张公 《地下水》2022,(5):59-61
随着经济社会发展,各地新建的工业园区不断投入使用,对地下水环境的污染问题逐渐显现。本文以河南省济源市虎岭工业园区为例,综合园区2016-2020年开展的4个地下水环境调查评价成果,对园区地下水环境质量现状进行评价分析,提出工业园区的地下水污染防治策略。从监测成果分析可知,除原生地质环境所致的溶解性总固体、总硬度超标外,其他因子均满足地下水三类标准限值,四年监测数据没有明显异常变化,地下水水质良好,未遭受明显污染。但园区煤化工精细化产业、新材料企业存在有产品和原辅材料的储存、生产以及废水的产生和处理过程中有可能因泄漏污染物而污染地下水的风险。据此提出应采取严格的防渗措施,杜绝渗漏问题,按照“源头控制、末端防治、污染监控、应急响应”相结合的原则,从污染物的产生、入渗、扩散、应急响应全阶段进行控制。将园区划分为重点污染防治区、一般污染防治区和非污染防治区,分区采取相应的防渗设计方案、防治措施,并建立动态监控系统和园区应急管理体系,防止地下水环境污染突发事件的出现。研究结论为园区开发与保护的协调发展提供基础技术支撑。  相似文献   

8.
地下水中污染物具有迁移性和扩散性,会对下游敏感受体造成威胁,目前场地地下水风险评估主要关注人体健康风险,还未能综合考虑地下水污染的整体风险,尤其是忽视了污染物迁移引起的对下游敏感受体的风险。本研究基于“源-径-汇”模型构建了考虑污染物扩散风险的场地地下水污染风险评估的指标体系与风险评估模式。在指标体系构建方面,重点考虑场地地下水的污染源、迁移路径和敏感受体3个方面。在风险评估模式方面,根据场地不同地下水污染状态开展3个层次的风险评估。基于假想的铬污染场地开展了案例分析,设置了地下水污染状态的4种情景,利用Wexler溶质运移模型计算了地下水污染羽的时空变化,并针对地下水污染的不同层次开展了风险评估。结果表明,在场地地下水污染羽未到达场地边界的2种情形中,场地地下水的风险评分分别为4.0,6.2,分别属于低风险与中风险。在场地地下水污染羽到达或超出场地边界的2种情形中,场地地下水的风险评分分别为7.0,8.8,分别属于中风险与高风险。综合而言,本研究构建的方法能够用来对场地地下水进行系统全面的评估和对比,能够根据风险结果对污染场地进行有效的分级管控,为污染场地的风险管控提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

9.
山东博山地下水污染研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
朱学愚  吴春寅 《地质论评》1996,42(3):278-284
博山是山东省中部的一个工业城市，完全依靠地下水供水。主要的供水水源为中奥统碳酸盐岩石中的裂隙－喀斯特水。城区附近的水源受到相当程度的污染，本文研究了主要的污染源及其污染途径，地下水中主要污染成分及其空间分布特征，用模糊数学方法进行地下水的水质评价，用地质统计学中的趋势面分析和Ｋｒｉｇｉｎｇ方法模拟地下水中污染组分的空间分布，用灰色系统方法和对流弥散方面的特征有限元解进行地下水污染的预测，最后提出了  相似文献   

10.
岩溶地下水污染风险评价对岩溶地下水的保护、管理和合理利用具有重要意义。文章总结了近年来国内外地下水污染风险评价方面的研究进展,针对目前评价体系存在的不足,构建了适合岩溶区地下水污染风险评价体系。该方法基于欧洲模式,实现地下水防污性能评价;污染负荷评价则考虑污染物在覆盖层中的衰减过程,利用折减系数实现污染负荷量化;最后,基于GIS空间叠加分析耦合防污性能与污染负荷评价,实现区域地下水污染风险评价。文章以地苏地下河系流域为例,开展岩溶区域地下水污染风险评价,结果表明:区域整体地下水污染风险偏低,地下水中等及以上污染风险区域面积424.41 km2,占研究区总面积的39.03%,主要分布在研究区中东部地苏乡、东庙乡、六也乡局部等人类活动频繁与地苏地下河干流中下游段。地下水污染风险空间分布特征不仅显示了岩性、坡度、岩溶网络发育等自然条件对评价结果的影响,同时也反映了人类活动的影响。地势平缓,岩溶发育程度强烈,加之人类活动频繁是导致区域地下水污染风险较高的原因所在。   相似文献   

11.
Groundwater, the most vital water resource being used for irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes is nowadays under severe threat of contamination. Groundwater contamination risk assessment is an effective tool for groundwater management. In the study, a DRASTIC model which is based on the seven hydrogeological parameters viz: depth of water, net-recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity was used to evaluate the groundwater pollution potentiality of upper Betwa watershed. ArcGIS was used to create the ground water vulnerability map by overlaying the seven layers. Based on groundwater vulnerability map, the watershed has been divided in three vulnerable zones viz; low vulnerability zone with 42.83 km2 of area, moderate with 369.21 km2 area and high having 270.96 km2 of area. Furthermore, the DRASTIC model has been validated by nitrate concentration over the area. Results of validation have shown that in low vulnerable zone, no nitrate contamination has been recorded. While in the moderate zone nitrate has been found in the range of 1.6-10ppm. However, in high vulnerable zone 11-40ppm of nitrate concentration in groundwater has been recorded, which proves that the DRASTIC model is applicable for the prediction of groundwater vulnerability in the watershed and in similar areas too.  相似文献   

12.
Groundwater contamination from intensive fertilizer application affects conservation areas in a plain. The DRASTIC model can be applied in the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to such pollution. The main purpose of using the DRASTIC model is to map groundwater susceptibility to pollution in different areas. However, this method has been used in various areas without modification, thereby disregarding the effects of pollution types and their characteristics. Thus, this technique must be standardized and be approved for applications in aquifers and particular types of pollution. In this study, the potential for the more accurate assessment of vulnerability to pollution is achieved by correcting the rates of the DRASTIC parameters. The new rates were calculated by identifying the relationships among the parameters with respect to the nitrate concentration in groundwater. The methodology was implemented in the Kerman plain in the southeastern region of Iran. The nitrate concentration in water from underground wells was tested and analyzed in 27 different locations. The measured nitrate concentrations were used to associate and correlate the pollution in the aquifer to the DRASTIC index. The Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric statistical test was applied to determine the relationship between the index and the measured pollution in Kerman plain. Also, the weights of the DRASTIC parameters were modified through the sensitivity analysis. Subsequently, the rates and weights were computed. The results of the study revealed that the modified DRASTIC model performs more efficiently than the traditional method for nonpoint source pollution, particularly in agricultural areas. The regression coefficients showed that the relationship between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 82 % after modification and 44 % before modification. This comparison indicated that the results of the modified DRASTIC of this region are better than those of the original method.  相似文献   

13.
Based on the dynamic analysis and research of pollution risk of groundwater sources, this paper creates the dynamic assessment method of pollution risk of groundwater source area under the theory of “source-pathway-receptor”, and applies this method to one typical fissure karst groundwater source area in northern China. Following the 30-year petroleum pollutant migration simulation and pollution risk assessment of groundwater source area, this study finds that the very high risk zone is mainly located in Q Petrochemical Company and the surrounding area and the area adjacent to River Z. Within this period of thirty years, the pollution risk of groundwater source area has showed a dynamic trend that features an inverted “V” shape. The ratio of very high risk zone to the total area will be 18.1%, 17.47% and 16.62% during the tenth year, the twentieth year and the thirtieth year separately, and will reach the highest level of 19.45% during the fifteenth year. Meanwhile, the vertical migration distance of pollutant centre concentration changed from the surface soil at the outset to the deepest point of about 250 meters underground during the tenth year. The results of this risk assessment indicate the dynamic feature of pollution risk. The dilution, degradation and migration of petroleum pollutants in groundwater system contribute to an ultimate decline in pollution risk.  相似文献   

14.
Groundwater plays a key role in arid regions as the majority of water is supplied by it. Groundwater pollution is a major issue, because it is susceptible to contamination from land use and other anthropogenic impacts. A study was carried out to build a vulnerability map for the Ordos Plateau using the DRASTIC model in a GIS environment. The map was designed to show the areas of the highest potential for groundwater pollution based on hydrogeological conditions. Seven environmental parameters, such as depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, were incorporated into the DRASTIC model and GIS was used to create a groundwater vulnerability map by overlaying the available data. The results of this study show that 24.8 % of the study area has high pollution potential, 24.2 % has moderate pollution potential, 19.7 % has low pollution potential, and the remaining 31.3 % of the area has no risk of groundwater pollution. The regional distribution of nitrate is well correlated with the DRASTIC vulnerability index. In contrast to this, although the DRASTIC model indicated that the western part had no risk, nitrate concentrations were higher in some of these areas. In particular, higher nitrate concentrations were recorded along river valleys and around lakes, such as the Mulin River valley. This is mainly caused by the intensive agricultural development and favorable conditions for recharge along river valleys.  相似文献   

15.
A study was carried in Mettur taluk, Salem district of Tamilnadu, India to develop a DRASTIC vulnerability index in GIS environment owing to groundwater pollution with increasing population, industries, and agricultural activities. Seven DRASTIC layers were created from available data (depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity) and incorporated into DRASTIC model to create a groundwater vulnerability map by overlaying the hydrogeological parameters. The output map indicates southwestern part of the study area with high pollution potential, northern and northwestern parts as moderate pollution potential and northeastern parts as low and no risk of pollution potential. For validating the vulnerability assessment, a total of 46 groundwater samples were collected from different vulnerability zones of the study area for two different seasons (pre- and post-monsoon) and analyzed for major anions and cations. Higher ionic concentrations were noted in wells located near highly industrialized, urbanized, and agricultural active zones. The water types represent Na–Mg–HCO3 and Na–Cl–HCO3 type indicating dominance of anthropogenic-related activities. Nitrate and chloride were demarcated as pollution indicators and correlated with DRASTIC vulnerability map. The results show that southwestern, northwestern, and northern parts of the study area recorded with high and moderate vulnerable zones, record higher nitrate values. In contrast to DRASTIC method predicted, low vulnerable zones show higher chloride concentration may be due to agricultural and urban development.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study is to elaborate a synthetic document for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Hajeb-Jelma aquifer. The specific object is to incorporate the Geographical Information System (GIS) to generate groundwater vulnerability and risk maps with DRASTIC model. Indeed, GIS could help to make the results of a complicated model more clear through visual representation, providing an applicable tool for decision makers. The vulnerability map of Hajeb-Jelma watershed shows three classes: moderate, high and very high depending on the intrinsic properties. The risk map shows a very high risk dependant on hydrogeological characteristics, land use and human impacts in major part of the Hajeb-Jelma region. These maps could serve as a scientific basis for sustainable land use planning and groundwater management in the Hajeb-Jelma region.  相似文献   

17.
The existing different human activities and planned land uses put the groundwater resources in Jordan at considerable risk. There are evidences suggesting that the quality of groundwater supplies in north Jordan is under threat from a wide variety of point and non-point sources including agricultural, domestic, and industrial. Vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of hydrogeological conditions and human impacts. DRASTIC method incorporates the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control groundwater movement: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), lithology of the aquifer (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), lithology of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The main goal of this study is to produce vulnerability maps of groundwater resources in the Yarmouk River basin by applying the DRASTIC method to determine areas where groundwater protection or monitoring is critical. ArcGIS 9.2 was used to create the groundwater vulnerability maps by overlaying the available hydrogeological data. The resulting vulnerability maps were then integrated with lineament and land use maps as additional parameters in the DRASTIC model to assess more accurately the potential risk of groundwater to pollution. The general DRASTIC index indicates that the potential for polluting groundwater is low in the whole basin, whereas the resulting pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability map indicates that about 31% of the basin is classified as having moderate vulnerability, which may be attributed to agricultural activities in the area. Although high nitrate concentrations were found in areas of moderate vulnerability, DRASTIC method did not depict accurately the nitrate distribution in the area.  相似文献   

18.
The study of the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater resources to pollution is an effective tool to control their quality degradation and contribute to their protection. It is used to delimit the vulnerable zones which do not withstand a large flow of pollutants introduced from the soil surface. Three methods of assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater: DRASTIC (Depth to water table, Recharge, Aquifer, Soil type, Topography, Impact of zone vadose, Hydraulic conductivity), DRSTI, and GOD (Groundwater occurrence, Overall aquifer class and Depth of water table) coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) are applied to the groundwater of Beni Amir, and they are compared in order to adopt the method which better characterizes the vulnerability of the aquifer to pollution. The validation of this application was made by measurements of the nitrate levels in the aquifer. Because the pollution of groundwater, in this plain, is a direct consequence of agricultural activities characterized by an intensive fertilizer application. The results clearly show that the rate of the coincidence, between the measured nitrate concentrations and the different classes of vulnerability of three methods, is 81.81, 54.54, 72.72, and 27.27%, respectively, for methods DRASTIC (classification of Engel et al. (Int Assoc Hydrol Sci Publi 235:521–526, 1996)), DRASTIC (classifications of Aller et al. (1987)), DRSTI, and GOD. Of this rate of coincidences, the DRASTIC method, with the classification of Engel et al. (Int Assoc Hydrol Sci Publi 235:521–526, 1996), allows a finer assessment and turns out the most representative of the study area.  相似文献   

19.
北京市海淀区地下水污染风险性评价   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
地下水受污染的风险性主要由含水层本身的防污性能、人为污染源污染地下水的灾害等级和地下水受污染后造成的后果严重程度等因素决定的,地下水污染风险性高是指高价值的地下水资源受到灾害高的污染源的污染可能性大,评价地下水污染风险需要编制3张基础图：地下水易污性图、地下水价值图和地下水污染源灾害分级图。本文介绍并应用了定量评价的DRASTIC方法和定性评价的矩阵方法,定量和定性相结合,综合了含水层易污性、地下水开发利用价值和污染源对地下水影响等因素,对北京市海淀区浅层地下水受污染的风险性进行了综合评价。  相似文献   

20.
Vulnerability assessment for the Gaza Strip, Palestine using DRASTIC   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The main usefulness of groundwater vulnerability assessment maps is their ability to be an effective preliminary tool for planning, policy, and operational levels of decision-making. DRASTIC is one such assessment method. The DRASTIC index is made up of a calculated sum of products rating and weights for seven hydrogeological parameters that contribute to aquifer vulnerability. With the help of GIS, and based on the available data, maps of DRASTIC parameters were prepared for the Gaza Strip area in a case study. Each map was given a proper rate and a special weight factor developed. The final vulnerability map was obtained as a summation of the seven maps after multiplying each one with the appropriate weight. The vulnerability map was checked against the actual pollution potential in the area and nitrate concentration. The obtained vulnerability map is strongly correlated to known pollution values in the area.  相似文献   

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