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一、前言海洋是地球上最大的资源宝库,也是地球环境中最大的调节器。我国既是陆地国家,又是海洋大国,沿海地带资源丰富,交通方便,有利于工农业的发展,被称为“黄金海岸”。我国近海和管辖海域蕴藏着丰富的生物资源、油气资源、矿物资源、海水资源、海洋能资源和海洋... 相似文献
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海洋是一个巨大的资源宝库，在陆地资源有些已被过度开发利用的今天，海洋以其丰富的资源和巨大的开发潜力，向人类展示了广阔的开发前景，成为人类可持续发展的重要基地。近年来，随着海洋开发的不断深入，海洋资源成为人类竞相开发的对象，致使部分海洋资源开发过度，有的地方出现了破坏性、毁灭性的消耗，这在很大程度上制约了海洋经济的健康发展，也影响了沿海地区经济的发展。因而，加强海洋资源的合理开发和保护，实施海洋资源的永续利用，成为当前海洋开发与管理中的重要任务，对于青岛市实现海洋科技产业城的战略目标具有重大的现实… 相似文献
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浩瀚的海洋总面积为3.6亿平方公里,占地球面积的71％;海水的体积为13.7亿立方公里,占地球总水体的97.2％;海洋的平均水深达3680米。广阔的海洋,不但是生命的摇篮、风雨的故乡、交通大道、国家门户、军事要地、科学奥秘的渊薮,而且是天然的资源宝库,蕴藏着极其丰富的生物资源、化学资源、矿产资源和动力资源。在陆地资源不足,特别是能源紧张的情况下,开发富饶的海洋资源自然成为重要方向。海洋,是人类今后扩大活动范围,大可利用的场所。为此,海洋的利用问题就越来越成为许多国家关心的重大课题,而加强了对海洋进行研究。 相似文献
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进入２０世纪５０年代以来，随着人口迅猛增长，陆域所承受的粮食、矿产资源、水资源和环境等方面的压力越来越大，沿海各国都开始把目光转向海洋，海洋开发成为正在兴起的四大关键产业之一。在我国近３００万km２的海洋区域空间内，有丰富的海洋生物资源，海底石油、天然气资源，海洋能资源，港址资源和众多的旅游景点，国际海底多金属结核矿区有丰富的矿产资源。开发海洋中巨大的潜在资源将成为推动我国经济和社会发展的积极力量。目前，我国已经把海洋开发作为国家跨世纪的发展战略，海洋经济也已经成为国民经济不可分割的重要组成部分。… 相似文献
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海洋是生物栖息的场所。海水的高卤含量以及海洋自身的特殊物理化学环境,势必对生物的合成和代谢产生影响,并反映在它们的代谢物中。卤素虽然属有机物中几种常见的组成元素,但它们在陆地天然产物中却并不多见。然而近十余年来,由于人类不断增长的需求以及近代物理方法的发展,天然产物化学的研究已扩展到海洋领域;初步的研究结果揭示,天然含卤化合物在海洋中是广泛存在的,而且在化学结构方面常有自己的特异性。这些结果不但丰富了天然产物化学的知识宝库,而且对海洋生物的化学、生理、分类和地球化学等学科提出了新的研究课题,并促进了海洋生化资源开发的研究。本文拟对海洋含卤天然产物作一扼要综述,并兼论它们与其它学科的牵连。 相似文献
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随着地球人口的增多和陆地资源的日趋缺乏,人类需要探索新的领域、开发新的资源,海洋以其广阔和丰富的资源而成为现代科学开发的重点。自60年代以来,人类从认识海洋、探索海洋转向研究、开发、利用海洋。30多年中,随着现代电子、生物、遥感、海洋工程 相似文献
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1 我国海洋海岸带综合管理体制现状 我国漫长的海岸带,蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。我国人民在很早以前就已知道了海水晒盐、采捕贝类鱼类生物资源和利用海水行舟楫之便利等,并形成了盐业、渔业和运输业等传统海洋产业。同时,随着科学技术的进步,本世纪中叶以来又促进发展了海洋油气资源开发、海水资源的利用及海滨旅游业等新兴海洋产业。如今, 相似文献
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海洋资源开发风险及对策研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当今人类社会和经济的发展面临着人口膨胀、资源短缺。环境恶化三大危机的严峻挑战,人们把目光更多地投向海洋。海洋作为“生命的摇篮,风雨的故乡,气候的调节器,交通的要道,资源的宝库”,是人类未来的希望,是实现人类可持续发展的重要基地,也是“我们最后的资源”,其丰富的资源可作为生厅和发展的重要依托。改革开放以来,我国海洋经济发展很快,已成为国民经济新的增长点和发展新领域。们由于海洋的特殊性,认识的局限性,以及环境。社会经济条件的多变性等原因,使得开发利用中存在较大的风险,制约着海洋开发。1．海洋开发风险… 相似文献
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由中国科学院海洋研究所青年学者来金明同志独立完成的35万字的《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》专著，将于1997年1月由海洋出版社出版发行。该专著是中国第一部海洋界面化学专著，也是世界上第一部有关中国海沉积物一海水界面化学专著。作为学科交叉新的生长点，海洋沉积物一海水界面化学的研究在国际也不过刀多年的历史，在我国仅有10多年。由于海洋沉积物一海水界面过程参与了海洋中许多复杂的生物地球化学过程，所以已成为当今海洋学研究的热点之一。《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》是著者及其研究组10年来把当今海洋学研究的前沿领域，… 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
19.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献