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中国东北地区太平洋板块精细俯冲特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东北地区的火山较为活跃。一些学者认为这些火山的起源与西太平洋板块的俯冲和软流圈物质的上涌存在密切联系。尽管天然地震层析成像结果明显地显示出火山区下方存在着太平洋板块,但板块的厚度、存在范围等俯冲特征仍然不是特别清晰。为此,采用远震层析成像和走时拟合相结合的方法深入研究了中国东北地区的壳幔速度结构,特别是太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构。研究结果表明:(1)板块的平均厚度和速度异常分别为85 km和1%,而且与日本海地区结果进行对比可推测板块并未增厚;(2)板块以低角度俯冲进入地幔过渡带,到达过渡带底部后弯曲成水平状,向西延伸至东经127°而停止;(3)水平延伸的板块恰好位于火山区的下方。这些俯冲特征有助于人们更好地理解陆内火山的起源及地球深部动力学过程。 相似文献
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2011 年3 月11 日日本东北地区太平洋海域发生Mw 9.0 级地震。日本海沟板块俯冲速率高,地震活动性强,因此研究
程度高,到目前为止已获得了覆盖日本海沟弧前区域的地震波剖面数据。本文利用8 条岩石圈结构剖面建立了日本海沟的
三维岩石圈结构模型。日本海沟岛弧地壳由上到下包含5 层：古近系-新近系-第四系海相沉积岩、白垩系海相沉积岩、
岛弧上地壳俯冲杂岩、岛弧下地壳和地幔楔;日本海沟北部还存在中地壳;洋壳是一个双层构造,上层为熔岩和席状岩墙群,
下层为堆晶辉长岩;陆壳和洋壳之间存在一个低速的板间层。本文在三维模型基础上讨论了俯冲板块的弯曲点和弯曲轴等
几何学特征,分析了日本海沟俯冲带的历史地震和日本东北Mw 9.0 级地震主震和余震的震源分布,日本东北地区的地震活
动与太平洋板块向日本岛弧下方的俯冲活动关系密切。 相似文献
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大陆深俯冲的动力学机制：观测和模拟结果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
兴都库什-帕米尔-中国西部1975～2003年期间的地震活动记录、地表地质构造和地壳速度结构数据证明,沿特提斯陆-陆碰撞带正在进行大陆深俯冲作用。帕米尔地区大陆地壳的下部物质与上地幔一起俯冲到200km 以下,而中、上地壳在不同深度上被反冲断层所剥离。帕米尔地区向南的大陆深俯冲作用限于西部恰曼左行走滑断裂和东部喀喇昆仑右行走滑断裂之间。沿深俯冲带存在上、中、下3个地震群。上地震群出现在30～50km 附近,对应于中、上地壳的反冲剥离构造作用,地震成因与长英质地壳的脆-韧转换和“二相变形”机制有关。中地震群大体出现在90～120km 深度上,与帕米尔深俯冲岩板向下由缓倾变陡的深度大体相当。下地震群的主体出现在180～220km,代表深俯冲岩板的最前端。帕米尔大陆深俯冲岩板为上宽下窄、上缓(20～30°)下陡(60～70°),转变深度在80～120km 的楔形体,深度超过200km 的走向宽度只有500～600km。在探讨大陆深俯冲的动力学过程中采用了2种模拟方法。利用考虑温度场和负浮力的二维数值模拟表明:(1)地幔对流拖曳力对俯冲深度和俯冲速度有重要控制作用,从100MPa 到20MPa 的变化将导致俯冲深度由231km 减到151km,速率由10.79mm/a 减到5.46mm/a。(2)俯冲角30°与45°相比,前者的俯冲深度要深约25～50km。(3)俯冲板块厚度越大,则俯冲深度越浅。(4)在俯冲板块的负浮力、洋脊推力为10～30MPa 及地幔对流拖曳力为100MPa 的综合作用下,陆壳俯冲实际垂向位移可达120km,最终俯冲深度达到150km,而洋壳实际垂向位移约170km,最终俯冲深度达到230km。在考虑岩石圈和软流圈相互耦合的俯冲模拟中,块体间的接触判断采用了 LDDA 方法的接触判断准则和区域分解方法求解。其特点是边界条件比较简单,并能自动实现俯冲过程中岩石圈和软流圈之间的相互作用,但需要确定研究区域不同深度和不同板块的力学参数,且计算量很大。 相似文献
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中国东北地区三维速度结构与火山起源的深部机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用布设在中国东北地区的107个台站接收到的245个远震事件和67个近震事件所产生的数据,采用天然地震层析成像方法获得了该地区深至700 km的三维速度结构。研究结果表明：(1)浅部的速度结构与地表的构造单元有着较好的对应关系;(2)100~200 km的深度出现两处明显的高速异常,走向与断裂相同,该高速异常的形成与断裂之间存在着某些联系;(3)太平洋板块已经俯冲到火山地区的下方,部分板块虽然已经超过了660 km的不连续面,但板块仍滞留在地幔过渡带中,并没有穿透该不连续面;(4)地幔过渡带内上涌的热物质从太平洋板块顶部一直延伸到火山底部,可能对火山的起源造成影响。结合前人的研究成果,认为东北地区火山的形成可能与太平洋板块的俯冲、地幔过渡带内热物质的上涌有关。 相似文献
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为了深入了解日本东北俯冲带的地震构造及火山活动,利用布设在日本列岛上密集地震台网所记录到的高质量浅震及深震到时数据,反演求得了该区域地壳及上地幔的三维P波和S波速度结构。为了最大程度地利用地震数据提取模型空间中更为精细的速度结构信息,采用不规则网格模型采进行地震层析成像反演。所得的高分辨率成像结果清晰地显示,2008年岩手地震(M 7.2)位于高低速异常的转换区,而且震源区的地壳介质非均匀性极强。在震源区的下地壳及上地幔顶部存在着明显的低速异常,可能代表了岛弧岩浆和流体在该深度处的储集。研究结果表明,2008年岩手地震的产生受到了来自上地幔楔的岩浆和流体的影响,且这些岩浆和流体与俯冲太平洋板块的脱水作用有着密切的联系。 相似文献
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大陆深俯冲的最大深度——来自数值模拟实验的结果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用粘弹性材料8块体有限元模型并设定温度场后进行的大陆深俯冲二维数值模拟表明,在组合载荷(负浮力、洋中脊推力从上到下10～30MPa 和地幔对流拖曳力100MPa)作用下,陆壳俯冲实际垂向位移可达117km,最终俯冲深度达到147km,而洋壳实际垂向位移约162km,最终俯冲深度达到231km;在洋壳、陆壳俯冲到一定深度以前,它们的俯冲速度基本保持不变,表现为洋壳、陆壳底端的位移-时间曲线近似为直线;当俯冲时间超过9Ma,洋壳、陆壳分别达到167km、96km 深度后,俯冲速度会越来越慢。 相似文献
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利用日本气象厅(JMA)以及日本国立大学联合地震观测台网(JUNEC)记录到的3218个地震事件的231918条P波到时资料,反演求得西南日本160km深度范围内的三维P波速度结构。研究表明,在九州地区,俯冲的菲律宾海板块以高速为主要特征,该海洋板块在30～60km深度处的脱水使得弧前地幔楔顶端的橄榄石蛇纹岩化,在120km深度处的脱水使得地幔楔中的岩石局部熔融,融体上升引起该区的火山活动。在本州西部地区大山火山之下,低速异常显著,并伴随低频地震活动,说明该火山可能是个潜在的活火山,将来有喷发的可能性。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2021,(4)
地震波正演模拟技术广泛应用于浅层勘探,此方法可以将地质模型和地震模型有机结合起来,验证和指导地震资料的采集、处理和解释。基于石油反射地震技术发展起来的深反射地震剖面探测技术,经过几十年的发展及应用,已经非常成熟,但到目前为止,地震波正演技术在深反射地震剖面探测中的应用却很少。本文利用跨越四川盆地深反射地震剖面来开展正演研究,通过对比拟合正演模拟数据和实际地震数据的层位到时,不断修正速度、层位等参数,建立最终深度域地质模型,为构造剖面提供较为准确的地壳厚度、莫霍面深度等地层信息。通过深度域地质模型,揭示出扬子板块西北缘新元古代古俯冲的角度约30°,俯冲的深度达到60 km。 相似文献
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安第斯山中段现今地应力测量及地震相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安第斯山位于纳兹卡洋壳板块和南美板块之间,是全球地震频发区域之一,被誉为地震与活动构造学家的天然实验室。本文利用矿山探矿钻孔,采用水压致裂原位地应力测试技术,首次获取安第斯山中段千米深孔原地应力大小及方向随深度变化规律。结果表明测试深度范围内主应力的量值随深度增加而增大,水平最大、最小主应力及垂向应力量值范围分别为12.38~34.47 MPa,7.97~24.15 MPa和6.81~26.10 MPa,主应力之间的关系为σHσv≥σh,σH/σh比值介于1.43~1.66之间。最大水平主应力方向与震源机制解和地表调查结果基本吻合。以实测地应力资料为基础,利用安德森断层理论及库伦摩擦破裂准则,探讨了震源深度(假定30 km)处的应力状态及断层达到临界破坏时的孔隙压力,结果表明除纳兹卡板块持续俯冲外,高孔隙压力可能是该区地震频发的主要原因。研究结果不仅为该区地震机理研究提供了实测资料,而且对世界应力图数据库具有重要补充价值。 相似文献
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Junichi Nakajima Yusuke Tsuji Akira Hasegawa Saeko Kita Tomomi Okada Toru Matsuzawa 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):470-481
We estimate detailed three-dimensional seismic velocity structures in the subducting Pacific slab beneath Hokkaido, Japan, using a large number of arrival-time data from 6902 local earthquakes. A remarkable low-velocity layer with a thickness of ~ 10 km is imaged at the uppermost part of the slab and is interpreted as hydrated oceanic crust. The layer gradually disappears at depths of 70–80 km, suggesting the breakdown of hydrous minerals there. We find prominent low-velocity anomalies along the lower plane of the double seismic zone and above the aftershock area of the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake (M7.8). Since seismic velocities of unmetamorphosed peridotite are much higher than the observations, hydrous minerals are expected to exist in the lower plane as well as the hypocentral area of the 1993 earthquake. On the other hand, regions between the upper and lower planes, where seismic activity is not so high compared to the both planes, show relatively high velocities comparable to those of unmetamorphosed peridotite. Our observations suggest that intermediate-depth earthquakes occur mainly in regions with hydrous minerals, which support dehydration embrittlement hypothesis as a cause of earthquake in the subducting slab. 相似文献
12.
《Gondwana Research》2010,17(3-4):470-481
We estimate detailed three-dimensional seismic velocity structures in the subducting Pacific slab beneath Hokkaido, Japan, using a large number of arrival-time data from 6902 local earthquakes. A remarkable low-velocity layer with a thickness of ~ 10 km is imaged at the uppermost part of the slab and is interpreted as hydrated oceanic crust. The layer gradually disappears at depths of 70–80 km, suggesting the breakdown of hydrous minerals there. We find prominent low-velocity anomalies along the lower plane of the double seismic zone and above the aftershock area of the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake (M7.8). Since seismic velocities of unmetamorphosed peridotite are much higher than the observations, hydrous minerals are expected to exist in the lower plane as well as the hypocentral area of the 1993 earthquake. On the other hand, regions between the upper and lower planes, where seismic activity is not so high compared to the both planes, show relatively high velocities comparable to those of unmetamorphosed peridotite. Our observations suggest that intermediate-depth earthquakes occur mainly in regions with hydrous minerals, which support dehydration embrittlement hypothesis as a cause of earthquake in the subducting slab. 相似文献
13.
Three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity structures beneath the Japan Islands obtained by high-density seismic stations by seismic tomography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We construct fine-scale 3D P- and S-wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle beneath the whole Japan Islands with a unified resolution, where the Pacific (PAC) and Philippine Sea (PHS) plates subduct beneath the Eurasian (EUR) plate. We can detect the low-velocity (low-V) oceanic crust of the PAC and PHS plates at their uppermost part beneath almost all the Japan Islands. The depth limit of the imaged oceanic crust varies with the regions. High-VP/VS zones are widely distributed in the lower crust especially beneath the volcanic front, and the high strain rate zones are located at the edge of the extremely high-VP/VS zone; however, VP/VS at the top of the mantle wedge is not so high. Beneath northern Japan, we can image the high-V subducting PAC plate using the tomographic method without any assumption of velocity discontinuities. We also imaged the heterogeneous structure in the PAC plate, such as the low-V zone considered as the old seamount or the highly seismic zone within the double seismic zone where the seismic fault ruptured by the earthquake connects the upper and lower layer of the double seismic zone. Beneath central Japan, thrust-type small repeating earthquakes occur at the boundary between the EUR and PHS plates and are located at the upper part of the low-V layer that is considered to be the oceanic crust of the PHS plate. In addition to the low-V oceanic crust, the subducting high-V PAC plate is clearly imaged to depths of approximately 250 km and the subducting high-V PHS zone to depths of approximately 180 km is considered to be the PHS plate. Beneath southwestern Japan, the iso-depth lines of the Moho discontinuity in the PHS plate derived by the receiver function method divide the upper low-V layer and lower high-V layer of our model at depths of 30–50 km. Beneath Kyushu, the steeply subducting PHS plate is clearly imaged to depths of approximately 250 km with high velocities. The high-VP/VS zone is considered as the lower crust of the EUR plate or the oceanic crust of the PHS plate at depths of 25–35 km and the partially serpentinized mantle wedge of the EUR plate at depths of 30–45 km beneath southwestern Japan. The deep low-frequency nonvolcanic tremors occur at all parts of the high-VP/VS zone—within the zone, the seaward side, and the landward side where the PHS plate encounters the mantle wedge of the EUR plate. We prove that we can objectively obtain the fine-scale 3D structure with simple constraints such as only 1D initial velocity model with no velocity discontinuity. 相似文献
14.
Takashi Iidaka Tetsuya Takeda Eiji Kurashimo Tomonori Kawamura Yoshiyuki Kaneda Takaya Iwasaki 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):7
A seismic experiment with six explosive sources and 391 seismic stations was conducted in August 2001 in the central Japan region. The crustal velocity structure for the central part of Japan and configuration of the subducting Philippine Sea plate were revealed. A large lateral variation of the thickness of the sedimentary layer was observed, and the P-wave velocity values below the sedimentary layer obtained were 5.3–5.8 km/s. P-wave velocity values for the lower part of upper crust and lower crust were estimated to be 6.0–6.4 and 6.6–6.8 km/s, respectively. The reflected wave from the upper boundary of the subducting Philippine Sea plate was observed on the record sections of several shots. The configuration of the subducting Philippine Sea slab was revealed for depths of 20–35 km. The dip angle of the Philippine Sea plate was estimated to be 26° for a depth range of about 20–26 km. Below this depth, the upper boundary of the subducting Philippine Sea plate is distorted over a depth range of 26–33 km. A large variation of the reflected-wave amplitude with depth along the subducting plate was observed. At a depth of about 20–26 km, the amplitude of the reflected wave is not large, and is explained by the reflected wave at the upper boundary of the subducting oceanic crust. However, the reflected wave from reflection points deeper than 26 km showed a large amplitude that cannot be explained by several reliable velocity models. Some unique seismic structures have to be considered to explain the observed data. Such unique structures will provide important information to know the mechanism of inter-plate earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
We present the first seismic image of the upper mantle beneath the active intraplate Changbai volcano in Northeast Asia determined by teleseismic travel time tomography. The data are measured at a new seismic network consisting of 19 portable stations and 3 permanent stations. Our results show a columnar low-velocity anomaly extending to 400-km depth with a P-wave velocity reduction of up to 3%. High velocity anomalies are visible in the mantle transition zone, and deep-focus earthquakes occur at depths of 500–600 km under the region, suggesting that the subducting Pacific slab is stagnant in the transition zone, as imaged clearly by global tomography. These results suggest that the intraplate Changbai volcano is not a hotspot like Hawaii but a kind of back-arc volcano related to the deep subduction and stagnancy of the Pacific slab under Northeast Asia. 相似文献
16.
《Gondwana Research》2010,17(3-4):401-413
We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle. 相似文献
17.
The Philippine Sea plate is subducting under the Eurasian plate beneath the Chugoku-Shikoku region, southwestern Japan. We have constructed depth contours for the continental and oceanic Mohos derived from the velocity structure based on receiver function inversion. Receiver functions were calculated using teleseismic waveforms recorded by the high-density seismograph network in southwestern Japan. In order to determine crustal velocity structure, we first improved the linearized time-domain receiver function inversion method. The continental Moho is relatively shallow ( 30 km) at the coastline of the Sea of Japan and at the Seto Inland Sea, and becomes deeper–greater than 40 km–around 35°N and 133.8°E. Near the Seto Inland Sea, a low-velocity layer of thickness 10 km lies under the continental Moho. This low-velocity layer corresponds to the subducting oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate. The oceanic Moho continues to descend from south to northwest and exhibits complicated ridge and valley features. The oceanic Moho runs around 25 km beneath the Pacific coast and 45 km beneath the Seto Inland Sea, and it extends to at least to 34.5°N. The depth variation of the Moho discontinuities is in good qualitative agreement with the concept of isostasy. From the configurations of both the continental and oceanic Mohos, we demonstrate that the continental lower crust and the subducting oceanic crust overlap beneath the southern and central part of Shikoku and that a mantle wedge may exist beneath the western and eastern part of Shikoku. The southern edge of the overlapping region coincides with the downdip limit of the slip area of a megathrust earthquake. 相似文献
18.
Seiichi Miura Shuichi Kodaira Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Narumi Takahashi Naoshi Hirata Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2003,363(1-2):79-102
The Japan Trench is a plate convergent zone where the Pacific Plate is subducting below the Japanese islands. Many earthquakes occur associated with plate convergence, and the hypocenter distribution is variable along the Japan Trench. In order to investigate the detailed structure in the southern Japan Trench and to understand the variation of seismicity around the Japan Trench, a wide-angle seismic survey was conducted in the southern Japan Trench fore-arc region in 1998. Ocean bottom seismometers (15) were deployed on two seismic lines: one parallel to the trench axis and one perpendicular. Velocity structures along two seismic lines were determined by velocity modeling of travel time ray-tracing method. Results from the experiment show that the island arc Moho is 18–20 km in depth and consists of four layers: Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, island arc upper and lower crust. The uppermost mantle of the island arc (mantle wedge) extends to 110 km landward of the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is laterally heterogeneous: 7.4 km/s at the tip of the mantle wedge and 7.9 km/s below the coastline. An interplate layer is constrained in the subducting oceanic crust. The thickness of the interplate layer is about 1 km for a velocity of 4 km/s. Interplate layer at the plate boundary may cause weak interplate coupling and low seismicity near the trench axis. Low P-wave velocity mantle wedge is also consistent with weak interplate coupling. Thick interplate layer and heterogeneous P-wave velocity of mantle wedge may be associated with the variation of seismic activity. 相似文献
19.
Deep slab subduction and dehydration and their geodynamic consequences: Evidence from seismology and mineral physics 总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5
We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle. 相似文献
20.
《Gondwana Research》2010,17(3-4):370-400
A dense nationwide seismic network recently constructed in Japan has been yielding large volumes of high-quality data that have made it possible to investigate the seismic structure in the Japanese subduction zone with unprecedented resolution. In this article, recent studies on the subduction of the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates beneath the Japanese Islands and the mechanism of earthquake and magma generation associated with plate subduction are reviewed. Seismic tomographic studies have shown that the Philippine Sea plate subducting beneath southwest Japan is continuous throughout the entire region, from Kanto to Kyushu, without disruption or splitting even beneath the Izu Peninsula as suggested in the past. The contact of the Philippine Sea plate with the Pacific plate subducting below has been found to cause anomalously deep interplate and intraslab earthquake activity in Kanto. Detailed waveform inversion studies have revealed that the asperity model is applicable to interplate earthquakes. Analyses of dense seismic and GPS network data have confirmed the existence of episodic slow slip accompanied in many instances by low-frequency tremors/earthquakes on the plate interface, which are inferred to play an important role in stress loading at asperities. High-resolution studies of the spatial variation of intraslab seismicity and the seismic velocity structure of the slab crust strongly support the dehydration embrittlement hypothesis for the generation of intraslab earthquakes. Seismic tomography studies have shown that water released by dehydration of the slab and secondary convection in the mantle wedge, mechanically induced by slab subduction, are responsible for magma generation in the Japanese islands. Water of slab origin is also inferred to be responsible for large anelastic local deformation of the arc crust leading to inland crustal earthquakes that return the arc crust to a state of spatially uniform deformation. 相似文献