共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 853 毫秒
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肖兴平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,(6):124-126
地下水是水资源的重要组成部份,地下水污染危害人的健康,影响人们的生产和生活,查明某一地区地下水容易受污染的可能性即地下水脆弱性,能为管理决策部门提供合理开发地下水资源,防治地下水污染的科学规划和管理依据。在脆弱性评价工作中,应用当前国际上最先进的地理信息系统平台ArcGIS,并结合地统计分析原理,完成地下水系统脆弱性编... 相似文献
2.
基于AHP和GIS的扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水脆弱性评价是保护地下水资源的重要手段,本文根据扬泰地区浅层地下水的水文地质条件,对DRASTIC模型进行了修改。选取地下水位埋深、大气降水入渗净补给量、含水层介质、含水层厚度、地形坡度、包气带介质影响、含水层富水性7个因子作为评价因子,利用层次分析法确定各因子的权重值,建立了符合扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价模型;利用ArcGIS10．0软件的空间叠加分析功能,编制了扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价等级图,评价结果与该地区实际水文地质条件基本吻合,对扬泰地区的地下水资源保护和区域规划具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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1 引言 岩溶含水层占法国领土面积的35％以上,提供着30％的饮用水,由于岩溶含水层脆弱性高,所以常常发生水和土地利用方面的冲突。然而,在法国的岩溶地区,大多数时间中,人类活动不象在其他地区那么显著。因此,岩溶地下水一般水质很好,硝酸盐、杀虫剂和可溶性碳氢化合物的浓度要比法定 相似文献
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针对目前景观格局指数构建方法中人为扰动因素关注不够及没有景观生态脆弱性指数构建合理性验证方法的问题,提出了一种结合景观脆弱性指数和人口压力指数加权构建景观生态脆弱性指数的方法及一种景观类型变化等级加权值与景观生态脆弱性指数变化值进行回归分析的景观生态脆弱性指数构建合理性验证方法,以松花江流域(哈尔滨段)为实验区域,对实验区域2010年和2015年景观生态脆弱性指数进行构建,对两期景观生态脆弱性指数进行减运算获得研究区域景观生态脆弱性指数变化分布图。2010—2015年间,研究区域内景观生态脆弱性普遍降低,其中,景观生态脆弱性降低程度较高的区域主要分布在研究区域西部,研究区域中东部景观脆弱性变化不明显。通过两期景观生态脆弱性指数变化值与景观类型变化等级加权值进行相关分析,结果表明两者强相关,相关系数为0.795,即验证了本景观生态脆弱性指数构建的合理性,为景观生态脆弱性计算及验证提供了科学的方法。 相似文献
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本文基于综合指数法构建生态脆弱性模型,借助质心迁移、趋势分析对锡林郭勒近20年生态脆弱性的时空演变进行了分析,并探究了自然因素和社会因素对生态脆弱性的驱动影响及时空分异特征。结果表明:①时间上,锡林郭勒生态脆弱性整体有所改善、分区特征显著。矿区、牧区生态治理成效显著;农业区生态脆弱性出现退化,需加强治理。②空间上,锡林郭勒生态脆弱性呈阶梯式分布,生态脆弱性质心逐渐向东偏移。西部地区生态脆弱性持续改善;中、东部地区生态脆弱性相对平稳,局部地区出现退化。③自然因素对空间尺度下的生态脆弱性主导特征显著,社会因素对时间尺度下的生态脆弱性主导特征逐渐增强。 相似文献
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综合运用GIS空间分析和风险评价模型,选取武汉市基于社会经济数据的6种脆弱性指标,建立武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性评价指标体系,以武汉市13个区为例进行脆弱性评价.研究表明武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性的时间特征为:2004-2010年期间,武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害的脆弱度呈下降趋势;2010-2014年呈上升趋势;2014-2017年逐渐趋于平稳.2004-2017年的脆弱度总体呈略微上升趋势,空间特征为高脆弱性的区域主要集中在长江流域附近,距离长江流域较远的区域总体脆弱性呈低脆弱性,武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性总体表现为西南部地区向东北部地区减小的趋势. 相似文献
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鹤岗作为煤炭资源型城市,其资源型产业对城市生态环境破坏严重,容易造成严重的环境污染。本文以鹤岗市为研究区域,构建生态环境脆弱性评价模型,选取2000-2014年统计数据,研究鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性演变特征及其主要影响因素,研究表明:1)15年间鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性指数逐渐下降,脆弱性等级从重度脆弱上升为中度脆弱。可分为3个阶段:2000-2010年缓慢下降,2011-2012年急速下降,2013-2014年波动上升。2)从各准则层看,生态压力指数和生态承载力脆弱性指数总体下降,生态恢复力指数波动上升。3)影响因素:生态压力和生态承载力脆弱性与生态环境脆弱性呈正相关,生态恢复力与生态环境脆弱性呈负相关;具体因素有采矿业法人单位数、建成区绿化覆盖率、工业固废综合利用率等。 相似文献
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面对日益严峻的气候变化形势,开展区域社会脆弱性的研究有利于更好地应对极端气候事件及相关灾害。为研究长江中下游地区社会脆弱性的空间分布及其社会经济文化驱动因素,参考So VI模型的指标体系选取36个指标对我国长江中下游的65个研究单元进行评价,采用因子分析法得到社会脆弱性的7个主要影响因子,据此得到最终的社会脆弱性指数及其分布。结果表明:长江中下游各地社会脆弱性差异明显,总体上呈现西高东低的态势。 相似文献
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以遥感影像、基础地理信息数据与统计年鉴为数据源,在GIS技术支持下,选择15个评价指标建立了鄱阳湖生态经济区的土壤侵蚀脆弱性指数模型,并揭示了脆弱性的空间分布规律。结果表明,研究区的土壤侵蚀脆弱性以中度和高度脆弱为主,呈现明显的空间分异特征。土壤侵蚀脆弱性与土壤侵蚀现状在空间分布上存在明显不同。从土壤侵蚀驱动力、敏感度与响应能力这3个要素出发探讨了脆弱性空间分布形成的机制。 相似文献
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Mărgărit-Mircea Nistor 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):345-358
ABSTRACTThe impact of climate change on groundwater vulnerability has been assessed in the Pannonian basin over 1961–2070. High-resolution climate models, aquifers composition, land cover, and digital elevation model were the main factors which served to perform the spatial analysis using Geographical Information Systems. The analysis reported here is focused on the long-term period, including three temporal time sets: the past period of 1961–1990 (1990s), the present period of 2011–2040 (2020s), and the future period of 2041–2070 (2050s). During the 1990s, the high and very high areas of groundwater vulnerability were identified in all the central, western, eastern, southeastern, and northern sides of the Pannonian basin. In these areas, the water availability is lower and the pollution load index is high, due to the agricultural activities. The low and very low vulnerability class was depicted in the South-West part of the basin and in few locations from the peripheral areas, mainly in the North and West. The medium groundwater vulnerability spreads over the Pannonian basin, but it is more concentrated in the central, South, and South-West. The most affected territory is Hungary, while the territories of Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina are less affected. In the present and future periods, the very high groundwater vulnerability increased in areas by 0.74% and 0.87%, respectively. The low class area decreased between the 1990s and the 2020s by 2.33% and it is expected to decrease up to 2.97% in the 2050s. Based on this analysis and the groundwater vulnerability maps, the Pannonian basin appears more vulnerable to climate change in the present and future. These findings demonstrate that the aquifers from Pannonian basin experience high negative effect under climate conditions. In addition, the land cover contributes to this negative status of groundwater resources. The original maps of groundwater vulnerability represent an instrument for water management planning and for research. 相似文献
12.
An Integrated GIS Based Statistical Model to Compute Groundwater Vulnerability Index for Decision Maker in Agricultural Area 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Aminreza Neshat Biswajeet Pradhan Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(4):777-788
The conservation areas in a plain are affected by the groundwater contamination from intense application of the fertilizers. The vulnerability of groundwater can be tested by using the DRASTIC model for the pollutants. The groundwater susceptibility to pollution in the various areas is mapped through DRASTIC model. However, the effects of pollution types and its characteristics are not considered, as this model is used without any modifications. This technique must be standardized for usage in the various aquifers and specific pollution types. The rates of DRASTIC parameters are corrected to obtain the potential for a more accurate analysis of the vulnerability pollution. The relationships between the parameters are identified with respect to the nitrate concentration in the groundwater by calculating the new rates. The methodology was applied to the selected area situated in the south eastern region of Iran at Kerman plain. Twenty-seven different locations were selected to test and analyse the nitrate concentration in the water from underground wells. The pollution in the aquifer was associated and correlated with the DRASTIC index by using the measured nitrate concentrations. The relationship between the index and the measured pollution in the Kerman plain was determined by applying the Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric statistical tests and the rates were calculated. It was found specifically in the agricultural areas that the modified DRASTIC model performed more efficiently than the traditional method for nonpoint source pollution, as indicated by the results. After modifications, the regression coefficients revealed that the relationship between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 77 %, while it was 37 % before the modifications were used. These statistics show that the modified DRASTIC performed far more efficiently than the original version. 相似文献
13.
The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries. 相似文献
14.
Donald C. Rundquist Albert J. Peters Liping Di Donn A. Rodekohr Richard L. Ehrman Gene Murray 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):51-58
The paper summarizes a technique for implementing the “DRASTIC” groundwater‐vulnerability model within the context of an automated raster‐based geographic information system. Discussion focuses on a methodological development and a statewide project completed recently in Nebraska. The final products, a comprehensive flow chart illustrating procedures and a map of calculated potential pollution hazard, are presented. The methodology can be executed successfully with minimal training and experience. Areas of Nebraska considered vulnerable to groundwater pollution are identified. 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability assessment based on modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Changli County,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater vulnerability assessment has been regarded as the initial step to understand and evaluate the susceptibility of the subsurface to contamination. As one of the most widely used models, the DRASTIC has been applied worldwide. However, problems associated with the model, such as the subjectivity in rating and weighting schemes, have led to modified versions of this model for better representing the vulnerability of the aquifer. In this study, a modified DRASTIC model was formulated by adjusting the rating and weighting scores based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The modified model was then applied to the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability in Changli County, China in a GIS environment. The validity of the model was verified by analysing the correlation coefficient between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration. The results revealed that the modified DRASTIC model presents stronger correlation with the nitrate contamination than the traditional DRASTIC model. 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):313-337
Abstract One of the major scientific challenges and societal concerns is to make informed decisions to ensure sustainable groundwater availability when facing deep uncertainties. A major computational requirement associated with this is on-demand computing for risk analysis to support timely decision. This paper presents a scientific modeling service called ‘ModflowOnAzure’ which enables large-scale ensemble runs of groundwater flow models to be easily executed in parallel in the Windows Azure cloud. Several technical issues were addressed, including the conjunctive use of desktop tools in MATLAB to avoid license issues in the cloud, integration of Dropbox with Azure for improved usability and ‘Drop-and-Compute,’ and automated file exchanges between desktop and the cloud. Two scientific use cases are presented in this paper using this service with significant computational speedup. One case is from Arizona, where six plausible alternative conceptual models and a streamflow stochastic model are used to evaluate the impacts of different groundwater pumping scenarios. Another case is from Texas, where a global sensitivity analysis is performed on a regional groundwater availability model. Results of both cases show informed uncertainty analysis results that can be used to assist the groundwater planning and sustainability study. 相似文献
17.
Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing Techniques In and Around Guntur Town, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. Subba Rao G. K. J. Chakradhar V. Srinivas 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2001,29(1-2):69-78
The area in and around Guntur Town in Andhra Pradesh faces an acute water problem. It represents plain land and gentle slope responsible for infiltration and groundwater recharge. Adequate groundwater resource is reported to be available in the investigated area. It has not been properly exploited. The present investigation is, therefore, undertaken to assess groundwater favourable zones for development and exploration with the help of geomorphological units and associated features. The identified units and features by remote sensing technology with the integration of conventional information and limited ground truths are shallow weathered pediplain (PPS), moderately weathered pediplain (PPM), deeply weathered pediplain (PPD), residual hill (RH) and lineaments (L). The results show that the PPD, PPM and PPS are good, moderate to good and poor to moderate promising zones, respectively for groundwater prospecting. The RH is a poor geomorphological unit in respect to prospective zone as groundwater resource. However, adequate recharge source of groundwater can be expected surrounding the RH, as it acts as surface run-off zone. Lineaments parallel to the stream courses and intersecting-lineaments are favourable indicators for groundwater development. They can also be utilized to augment groundwater resource. 相似文献
18.
干旱区地下水位降幅空间分布特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于GIS和地理统计学的理论、方法对所取观测井地下水位降幅数据进行空间分布特征分析。结果表明:数据服从正态分布,结构符合球状模型,空间数据存在东西方向和南北方向的二价函数趋势;地下水位降幅由北向南呈环状递减,最深降幅达30m,绿洲群大部分居于20～30m降幅之间,为地下水开采密集区,大于10m降幅的面积约69300hm2。利用Kriging最优内插法生成等值线图,可以更准确和直观地展示整个研究区的地下水资源状况、生态环境可能发生退化的区域及未来发展方向。 相似文献