共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sediment dynamics and hydrodynamics in the lower course of a river highly regulated by dams: the Ebro River 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The lowest part of the Ebro River is a microtidal salt-wedge estuary. Penetration of the salt-wedge is largely controlled by the fluvial discharge and the morphology of the river bed, although sea level variations caused by tides and atmospheric conditions can also play significant roles. The concentration and distribution of suspended particulate matter in this part of the river and the fluvial sediment discharge are strongly influenced by the dynamics of the salt-wedge. Damming of the river has caused sediment to be trapped in reservoirs and has regulated the fluvial discharge. Intrusion of the salt wedge has thus also been regulated. At present, sediment discharge is between 1 and 1·5 × 105 tons per year, which is less than 1% of the sediment that the Ebro River discharged into the sea before construction of the dams. This extreme reduction in sediment supply has allowed marine erosional processes to dominate in the delta. 相似文献
2.
Sylvain Capo Isabelle Brenon Aldo Sottolichio Patrice Castaing Patrick Le Goulven 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,55(1-2):52
In comparison to their temperate counterparts, sediment processes in tropical estuaries are poorly known and especially in African ones. The hydrodynamics of such environments is controlled by a combination of multiple processes including morphology, salinity, mangrove vegetation, tidal processes, river discharge, settling and erosion of mud and by physico-chemical processes as well as sediment dynamics.The aim of this study is to understand the sediment processes in this transitional stage of the estuary when the balance between river discharges and marine processes is reversing. Studying the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the Konkouré Estuary has recently been made possible thanks to new data on bathymetry, sedimentary cover, salinity, water elevations, and current velocities. The Lower Konkouré is a shallow, funnel shaped, mesotidal mangrove-fringed, tide-dominated estuary, well mixed during low river discharge and stratified during high river discharge. The Konkouré Estuary is turbid despite the small amount of terrestrial input and its residual velocity at the mouth during low river discharges, landwards for two of the three branches, suggests a landward migration by tidal pumping of the suspended particulate matter. A Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ) is identified for typical states of the estuary with regard to fluvial and tidal components. Suspended sediment transport during a transitional stage between the rainy and dry seasons is known thanks to current velocity and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) measurements taken in November 2003. The Richardson layered number calculation assesses that turbulence is the major mixing process in the water column, at least during the flood and ebb stages, whereas stratification occurs during the slack water periods. Tidal currents generate bottom erosion, and turbulence mixes the suspended sediment throughout the water column. As a result, a net sediment input is calculated from the western Konkouré outlet for two consecutive tidal cycles. Despite the net water export, almost 300 tons per tide reach the estuary through this outlet, for a moderate river flow. 相似文献
3.
The Tinto and Odiel rivers drain 100 km from the Rio Tinto sulphide mining district, and join at a 20-km long estuary entering the Atlantic Ocean. A reconnaissance study of heavy metal anomalies in channel sand and overbank mud of the river and estuary by semi-quantitative emission dc-arc spectrographic analysis shows the following upstream to downstream ranges in ppm (μg g?1): As 3,000 to <200, Cd 30 to <0.1, Cu 1,500 to 10, Pb 2,000 to <10, Sb 3000 to <150, and Zn 3,000 to <200. Organic-rich (1.3–2.6% total organic carbon, TOC), sandysilty overbank clay has been analyzed to represent suspended load materials. The high content of heavy metals in the overbank clay throughout the river and estuary systems indicates the importance of suspended sediment transport for dispersing heavy metals from natural erosion and anthropogenic mining activities of the sulfide deposit. The organic-poor (0.21–0.37% TOC) river bed sand has been analyzed to represent bedload transport of naturally-occurring sulfide minerals. The sand has high concentrations of metals upstream but these decrease an order of magnitude in the lower estuary. Although heavy metal contamination of estuary mouth beach sand has been diluted to background levels estuary mud exhibits increased contamination apparently related to finer grain size, higher organic carbon content, precipitation of river-borne dissolved solids, and input of anthropogenic heavy metals from industrial sources. The contaminated estuary mud disperses to the inner shelf mud belt and offshore suspended sediment, which exhibit metal anomalies from natural erosion and mining of upstream Rio Tinto sulphide lode sources (Pb, Cu, Zn) and industrial activities within the estuary (Fe, Cr, Ti). Because heavy metal contamination of Tinto-Odiel river sediment reaches or exceeds the highest levels encountered in other river sediments of Spain and Europe, a detailed analysis of metals in water and suspended sediment throughout the system, and epidemiological analysis of heavy metal effects in humans is appropriate. 相似文献
4.
基于近60年（1959—2018年）系列水下地形资料，研究九段沙成形以来的地貌演化特征和动力成因。结果表明:九段沙1959—1990年处于稳速淤涨、以低滩为主的自然演化状态；近30年（1990—2018年），0 m及以上高滩受植被生长和长江口深水航道治理工程作用快速淤涨，-1~-2 m滩面受干扰程度小、稳速淤涨；近20年（1998—2018年），-3 m及以下低滩受流域减沙和临近的大型涉水工程影响淤涨放缓并由淤积转冲刷，期间流域减沙使得九段沙淤积放缓滩地由低到高向上延伸。未来流域来沙可能进一步下降并维持在较低水平，九段沙将面临-3 m及以下低滩进一步冲蚀，-3 m以上滩地淤积放缓并由低到高逐渐转冲的风险。 相似文献
5.
基于近60年（1959—2018年）系列水下地形资料，研究九段沙成形以来的地貌演化特征和动力成因。结果表明：九段沙1959—1990年处于稳速淤涨、以低滩为主的自然演化状态；近30年（1990—2018年），0 m及以上高滩受植被生长和长江口深水航道治理工程作用快速淤涨，-1~-2 m滩面受干扰程度小、稳速淤涨；近20年（1998—2018年），-3 m及以下低滩受流域减沙和临近的大型涉水工程影响淤涨放缓并由淤积转冲刷，期间流域减沙使得九段沙淤积放缓滩地由低到高向上延伸。未来流域来沙可能进一步下降并维持在较低水平，九段沙将面临-3 m及以下低滩进一步冲蚀，-3 m以上滩地淤积放缓并由低到高逐渐转冲的风险。 相似文献
6.
P. Li S. L. Yang J. D. Milliman K. H. Xu W. H. Qin C. S. Wu Y. P. Chen B. W. Shi 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(5):1316-1327
To delineate temporal and spatial variations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary and adjacent coastal waters, surface-water samples were taken twice daily from 10 stations over periods ranging from 2 to 12?years (total number of samples >28,000). Synoptic measurements in 2009 showed an increase in surface SSC from 0.058?g/l in the upper sections of the estuary to ??0.6?g/l at the Yangtze River turbidity maximum at the river mouth, decreasing seaward to 0.057?g/l. Annual periodicities reflect variations in the Yangtze discharge, which affect the horizontal distribution and transport of SSC, and seasonal winds, which result in vertical resuspension and mixing. Over the past 10?C20?years, annual surface SSC in the lower Yangtze River and the upper estuary has decreased by 55%, due mainly to dam construction in the upper and middle reaches of the river. The 20?C30% decrease in mean surface SSC in the lower estuary and adjacent coastal waters over the same period presumably reflects sediment resuspension, in part due to erosion of the subaqueous Yangtze Delta. SSCs in the estuary and adjacent coastal waters are expected to continue to decline as new dams are constructed in the Yangtze basin and as erosion of the subaqueous delta slows in coming decades. 相似文献
7.
8.
小浪底水库运行后, 坝下游分组悬沙输移特点发生改变, 不同河段冲淤过程有所差别。基于1999—2018年坝下游实测水沙资料及固定淤积断面地形数据, 分析汛期分组悬沙输移的沿程调整特点, 建立分组悬沙输移及河床边界条件双重影响下不同河段河床累计冲淤量的计算关系。分析结果表明: ①汛期各组沙输沙率远小于蓄水前, 且中沙输沙率降幅最大, 在各水文断面平均降幅为85%;沿程上细沙输沙率基本不恢复, 而中沙和粗沙恢复距离分别到利津及艾山。②坝下游河床持续冲刷, 各河段河床组成均发生不同程度的粗化; 在拦沙后期(2007—2018年), 游荡段和过渡段床沙中细沙和中沙占比不足5%, 对悬沙几乎无补给作用, 而弯曲段床沙对中沙仍有一定的补给能力。③下游各河段以冲刷下切为主, 但调整幅度不同, 故对水流的约束能力有所差异。建立了各河段累计冲淤量与前期河相系数及进口断面分组来沙系数的经验关系, 并采用2019年下游水沙数据对公式进行了初步验证, 公式能合理反映断面形态与分组悬沙输移对河床累计冲淤过程的影响。 相似文献
9.
大型水利枢纽的修建引起了下游河道的冲淤调整,对生态环境、防洪、航运等都有显著的影响。2008年三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水以来,城陵矶以下河段冲刷加剧。为探究水库影响下游河道冲淤调整特征及其驱动机制,分析了城陵矶至九江段河道冲淤分布及断面形态变化特征:2008年以来河道冲淤变化主要集中在基本河槽,其变化占整个平滩河槽的90%以上,且基本河槽冲刷加剧;断面形态表现为河槽冲刷下切、断面趋于窄深化。在此基础上,通过建立2008—2016年河段尺度的基本河槽形态参数与水流输沙能力的经验关系,发现螺山、汉口两站流量分别为29 000~31 000 m3/s、31 000~33 000 m3/s时,河槽形态与水流输沙能力的相关性最强、造床作用和水流冲刷强度最大,因此,可以认为是2008年以来影响城陵矶至九江段冲淤调整的特征流量。2008年以后,该流量级以下的水流累积造床作用凸显,是冲淤变化部位调整到基本河槽的主要原因;同时,受各站d>0.125 mm粒径组泥沙输沙量大幅度减小、航道整治工程的影响,河槽冲刷加剧。 相似文献
10.
大型水利枢纽的修建引起了下游河道的冲淤调整,对生态环境、防洪、航运等都有显著的影响。2008年三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水以来,城陵矶以下河段冲刷加剧。为探究水库影响下游河道冲淤调整特征及其驱动机制,分析了城陵矶至九江段河道冲淤分布及断面形态变化特征:2008年以来河道冲淤变化主要集中在基本河槽,其变化占整个平滩河槽的90%以上,且基本河槽冲刷加剧;断面形态表现为河槽冲刷下切、断面趋于窄深化。在此基础上,通过建立2008—2016年河段尺度的基本河槽形态参数与水流输沙能力的经验关系,发现螺山、汉口两站流量分别为29000~31000 m 3/s、31000~33000 m 3/s时,河槽形态与水流输沙能力的相关性最强、造床作用和水流冲刷强度最大,因此,可以认为是2008年以来影响城陵矶至九江段冲淤调整的特征流量。2008年以后,该流量级以下的水流累积造床作用凸显,是冲淤变化部位调整到基本河槽的主要原因;同时,受各站d>0.125 mm粒径组泥沙输沙量大幅度减小、航道整治工程的影响,河槽冲刷加剧。 相似文献
11.
Andre van Gelder Jan H. van den Berg Guodong Cheng Chunting Xue 《Sedimentary Geology》1994,90(3-4):293-305
The Huanghe is noted for its high transport rate of silt and clay, which may reach depth-averaged values of 200 kg m−3 during peak discharge. The sediment load transported through the river on entering the delta plain, amounts to 1012 kg per year. In contrast to most other large deltas only one distributary channel is active at any one time. The high sediment load causes the rivermouth to prograde at a yearly rate of 1–4 km into the shallow (less than 20 m deep) Bohai gulf. The vertical aggradation of the channel belt and mouth bar complex is also rapid (decimetres per year on average), so that after a normal average of twelve years increasing channel instability and avulsion create the start of a new delta lobe.
A series of satellite images covering the last fifteen years has provided insight in the evolution of the river pattern as well as the progradation of the delta front. A newly developed distributary passes from a multichannel to a single, straight channel system, and ends with the formation of meanders. The protruding mature delta lobe shows a radiating pattern of crevasse channels.
Overbank/ crevasse deposits are made of vertically stacked dm-scale waning flow sequences, structurally characterized by (from bottom to top) small scour-and-fills, even (parallel) lamination, and climbing-ripple crosslamination. Accumulation rates on crevasse splays can be predicted on the basis of estimated river sediment discharge. It can be concluded that each sequence has been deposited within a few hours, and that tidal waterlevel fluctuations may have played a role in the generation of a single sequence. 相似文献
12.
三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×108～2.5×108t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×108～2.28×108t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×108t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×108～2.5×108t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×108～2.28×108t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×108t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。 相似文献
14.
Pierre Le Hir Andre Ficht Ricardo Silva Jacinto Patrick Lesueur Jean-Paul Dupont Robert Lafite Isabelle Brenon Benedicte Thouvenin Philippe Cugier 《Estuaries and Coasts》2001,24(6):950-963
A comprehensive study of fine sediment transport in the macrotidal Seine estuary has been conducted, including observations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), surficial sediment, and bathymetric data, as well as use of a three dimensional mathematical model. Tide, river regime, wind, and wave forcings are accounted. The simulated turbidity maximum (TM) is described in terms of concentration and location according to tidal amplitude and the discharge of the Seine River. The TM is mainly generated by tidal pumping, but can be concentrated or stretched by the salinity front. The computed deposition patterns depend on the TM location and are seasonally dependent. The agreement with observations is reasonable, although resuspension by waves may be overestimated. Although wave resuspension is likely to increase the TM mass, it generally occurs simultaneously with westerly winds that induce a transverse circulation at the mouth of the estuary and then disperse the suspended material. The resulting effect is an output of material related to wind and wave events, more than to high river discharge. The mass of the computed TM remains stable over 6 months and independent of the river regime, depending mainly on the spring tide amplitude. Computed fluxes at different cross-sections of the lower estuary show the shift to the TM according to the river flow and point out the rapidity of the TM adjustment to any change of river discharge. The time for renewing the TM by riverine particles has been estimated to be one year. 相似文献
15.
16.
为全面描述黄河口尾闾段的河床形态调整及过流能力变化,采用河段平均的计算方法,确定了尾闾段(利津—西河口)1990—2016年汛后断面及河段尺度的平滩特征参数,分析河段平滩河槽形态调整特点、河段平滩流量变化过程及其与累积河床冲淤量的关系。结果表明:近30年来黄河尾闾段的河床形态调整过程较为复杂,河相系数在1990—2003年呈振荡式升高,2003年以后持续减小,说明断面形态朝窄深方向发展;平滩流量变化与河段冲淤过程密切相关,淤积时平滩流量减小,反之则增大;建立这些河段平滩特征参数与利津站前4年汛期平均水流冲刷强度的幂函数关系,且相关系数均大于0.8,说明黄河口尾闾段河床形态调整及过流能力变化能较好地响应利津站水沙条件的改变。 相似文献
17.
河道过流能力与主槽形态有关，而主槽形态又取决于上游水沙条件，分析过流能力与这两者之间的关系对研究黄河下游游荡段河床演变规律有重要意义。从典型断面和河段平均两个尺度，定量分析了黄河下游游荡段1986—2015年平滩流量与水沙条件（来沙系数和水流冲刷强度）及汛前主槽形态（河相系数）之间的响应关系。结果表明：① 1986年至小浪底水库运行前，游荡段淤积严重，主槽萎缩，河道过流能力急剧下降，自小浪底水库运行后，游荡段发生强烈冲刷，其断面持续趋向窄深，过流能力逐年恢复；②建立了断面和河段平滩流量与水沙条件及河相系数的幂函数关系，二者相关系数均在0.5以上，但河段尺度相比于断面尺度的相关系数至少可提高17%；③河段平滩流量与前5年汛期平均水流冲刷强度及河相系数的相关系数接近0.94，相应计算公式能较好地反映平滩流量的变化过程，为分析其他河段平滩流量的变化提供了参考方法。 相似文献
18.
河道过流能力与主槽形态有关,而主槽形态又取决于上游水沙条件,分析过流能力与这两者之间的关系对研究黄河下游游荡段河床演变规律有重要意义。从典型断面和河段平均两个尺度,定量分析了黄河下游游荡段1986-2015年平滩流量与水沙条件(来沙系数和水流冲刷强度)及汛前主槽形态(河相系数)之间的响应关系。结果表明:①1986年至小浪底水库运行前,游荡段淤积严重,主槽萎缩,河道过流能力急剧下降,自小浪底水库运行后,游荡段发生强烈冲刷,其断面持续趋向窄深,过流能力逐年恢复;②建立了断面和河段平滩流量与水沙条件及河相系数的幂函数关系,二者相关系数均在0.5以上,但河段尺度相比于断面尺度的相关系数至少可提高17%;③河段平滩流量与前5年汛期平均水流冲刷强度及河相系数的相关系数接近0.94,相应计算公式能较好地反映平滩流量的变化过程,为分析其他河段平滩流量的变化提供了参考方法。 相似文献
19.
Beach erosion has advanced in many countries of the world, especially in Japan, because of a decrease in sediment sources from rivers and a lack of longshore sediment transport from the adjacent coasts due to coastal structures. The former cause concerns the reduction of river deltas due to a decrease in sediment input from the river. Two timescales important in beach erosion, a longer timescale which concerns a change in the location of the river mouth, and a shorter one which is due to a decrease in longshore sediment transport, are discussed in the formation and reduction of the delta of the Kurobe River. Based on these timescales, beach erosion control is considered. 相似文献
20.
The erosion and deposition of debris flows at Jiangjia Gully in Dongchuan section of Yunnan province, southwestern China,
was surveyed at 12 cross sections from 1999 to 2003. Deposition occurred in most sections because of the low debris-flow magnitude.
The result was an increase in their elevations except for two sections at D17 and D19, where the channel was diverted in September
1999. As the annual sediment discharge of debris flow increased, the deposited volume decreased in the upper channel and increased
in the lower channel. In each debris flow event, the erosion or deposition at the upper and the lower channel were different,
but the eroded/deposited volume and the trend of erosion or deposition were similar between the neighboring sections. The
average elevation change of all cross sections between consecutive surveys can reasonably represent the debris flow influence
on the channel. Its relationship with the total sediment discharge between two surveys follows a three-stage pattern: when
debris flow magnitude is small, deposition in the channel increases with the magnitude. When the magnitude reaches a certain
level, the deposition begins to decrease and eventually erosion takes place. In three typical cross sections which had similar
channel width, the debris flow showed a clear trend that the deposited volume decreased, while the eroded volume increased
as the discharge of debris flow sediments increased. 相似文献