共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
多余观测分量与可靠性度量指标研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
讨论了相关观测值与非相关观测值的多余观测分量值域问题；论证了相关观测值的多余观测分量与内可靠性指标的不一致性；进一步研究了可靠性指标的应用问题，认为当观测值的复相关系数不同时，应同时考虑内、外可靠性指标；最后，以ＧＰＳ准动态测量为例作了分析。 相似文献
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讨论了相关观测值与非相关观测值的多余观测分量值域问题；论证了相关观测值的多余观测分量与内可靠性指标的不一致性；进一步研究了可靠性指标的应用问题，认为当观测值的复相关系数不同时，应同时考虑内、外可靠性指标；最后，以ＧＰＳ准动态测量为例作了分析 相似文献
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采用相关平差算法计算导线网中每个观测值的多余观测分量和各类观测值的内可靠性指标，按统计假设检验理论构成观测值的粗差检测统计量，经过探查指出可能含有粗差的观测值。最后给出内可靠性分析的结果，并提出导线网设计和施测要点建议 相似文献
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相关观测情况的可靠性研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
可靠性是测量网优化设计和数据质量控制要考虑的重要因素之一。在独立观测情况,测量网的可靠性可用多余度（或称多余观测分量）来表示,多余度越小,该余度越小,该观测位置的可靠性越差,但在相关观测情况,多余度的值域超出（０,１）区间,已不能可靠性特征。本文建议采用一种新的可靠性度量指标：ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／Ｐｉｉ,其中Ｐ是观测权阵,Ｒ是平差因子阵。ｒｉ的值域在一种新的可靠性度量指标;ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／ｐｉ 相似文献
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通过定义ｒｉｊ表示粗差对改正数的相互影响,导出了ｒｉｆ与多余观测分量ｒｉｆ的关系,表明对可靠性的分析可通过对ｒｉｊ和ｕｉｊ的分析来进行;在观测数一定时,该观测方案的可靠性取决于多余观测比例,并给出了可能达到的可靠性限。本文的分析为可靠性的进一步研究提供了一定的基础。 相似文献
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黄加纳 《武汉测绘科技大学学报》1997,22(1):51-54
采用相关平差算法计算导线网中每个观测值的多余观测量和各类观测值的内可靠性指标，按统计假设检验理论构成观测值的粗差检测统计量，经过探查指出可能含有粗差的观测值。最后给出内可靠性分析的结果，并提出导线网设计和施测要点建议。 相似文献
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The estimated parameters from a Gauss-Markov model have varying sensitivity to the individual observations included in the model. Similarly, the redundancy contribution (number) of any observation is associated differently to all the other observations in the model. Evaluation of the sensitivity of parameters to observations, and the sensitivity of the redundancy contribution of one observation to the others are useful to gain more insight into Gauss-Markov models. Such analysis has found practical applications in survey network design and in multiple outlier detections. This paper presents some quantitative sensitivity measures for general Gauss-Markov models. The application of the concept in surveying network design is also discussed. 相似文献
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张方仁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1990,(2)
最小二乘估计求得的观测值残差,有多种形式的定义,它们具有不同的分布。本文论述它们的概率分布和性质并讨论其用途。编算了多余观测分量r_i和标准化残差e_i的临界值表。此外,应用线性变换求得了不相关残差W=U~TV和S=D_W~(-1/2)W 。建议用S作粗差检验,本文编制了相应于这种检验的max|S_i|的临界值表,最后计算了一个实测的测边网,用求得的各种残差作了统计检验。 相似文献
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This paper describes a low earth orbiter micro-satellite attitude determination algorithm using GPS phase and pseudorange
data as the only observables. It is designed to run in real-time, at a rate of 10 Hz, on-board the spacecraft, using minimal
chip and memory resources. The spacecraft design includes four GPS antennas deployed on boom arms to improve the antenna separations.
The boom arms feature smart sensors, from which time-varying deformation data are used to calculate changes in the body-fixed
system (BFS) co-ordinates of the attitude antennas. These data are used as input to the attitude algorithm to improve the
accuracy of the output.
The conventional double-difference phase observation equations have been re-arranged so that the only unknown parameters in
the functions (once the ambiguities have been determined) are the spacecraft Euler angles. This greatly increases the redundancy
in the mathematical model, and is exploited to enhance the algorithm's ability to trap observations contaminated by unmodelled
multipath. This approach has been shown to be successful in identifying phase outliers at the 5–10 mm level. Speed of execution
of the program is improved by utilising numerical differentiation of the model equations in the linearisation process. Furthermore,
as the number of solve-for parameters is reduced to three by the chosen mathematical model, matrix inversion requirements
are minimised. A novel approach to ambiguity resolution and determination of initial estimates of the attitude parameters
has been developed utilising a heuristic technique and the known, and time varying, BFS co-ordinates of the antenna array.
Algorithm testing is based on a simulation of the micro-satellite trajectory combined with variations in attitude derived
from spin-stabilisation and periodic roll and pitch parameters. The trajectory of the spacecraft centre of mass was calculated
by numerical integration of a force model using Earth gravity field parameters, third body effects due to the Sun and the
Moon, dynamic Earth tide effects (solar and lunar), and a solar radiation pressure model. Frame transformations between J2000
and ITRF97 used the IERS conventions. A similar approach was used to calculate the trajectories of all available GPS satellites
during the same period, using initial conditions of position and velocity from IGS precise orbits. RMS differences between
the published precise orbit and the integrated satellite positions were at the 5-mm level. Phase observables are derived from
these trajectories, biased by simulation of receiver and satellite clock errors, cycle slips, random or systematic noise and
initial integer ambiguities. In the actual simulation of the attitude determination process in orbit, GPS satellite positions
are calculated using broadcast ephemerides.
The results show that the aim of 0.05° (two sigma) attitude precision can be met provided that the phase noise can be reduced
to the level of 1–2 mm. Attitude precision was found to vary strongly with constellation geometry, which can change quite
rapidly depending on the variations in spacecraft attitude. The redundancy in the mathematical model was found to be very
effective in trapping and isolating cycle slips to the double difference observations that are contaminated. This allows for
the possibility of correcting for cycle slips without full recourse to the ambiguity resolution algorithm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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在原有测量控制网(称旧网)的基础上建立同级扩大网或低级加密网(称新网)时,新旧网之间的重合点(称连接点)坐标值粗差的检验是平差前的一个重要环节。本文将连接点坐标视为带协方差阵的观测值,采用数据探测法定位其粗差。借助于 Gauss-Markov模型下两个备选假设检验的理论,推导了连接点相关坐标观测值粗差可定位性基本公式,讨论了各类平面网中连接点坐标观测值粗差的可发现性和可区分性。 相似文献
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When applying single outlier detection techniques, such as the Tau () test, to examine the residuals of observations for outliers, the number of detected observations in any iteration of adjustment is most often more numerous than the actual number of true outliers. A new technique is proposed which estimates the number of outliers in a network by evaluating the redundancy contributions of the detected observations. In this way, a number of potential outliers can be identified and eliminated in each iteration of an adjustment. This leads to higher efficiency in data snooping of geodetic networks. The technique is illustrated with some numerical examples. 相似文献
16.
An alternative expression for the variance factors in using Iterated Almost Unbiased Estimation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R. Hsu 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(4):173-179
An alternative expression has been derived for the variance factors when estimating weights according to the Iterated Almost
Unbiased Estimation (IAUE) technique. A variance factor can be approximately estimated by finding the ratio of the group redundancy
numbers at any two successive iterations. The numerical example of the first-order leveling network of Taiwan indicates: that
stabilization of the redundancy number of an observation occurs as the variance factor associated with it converges to unity;
that variance factors tend to approach unity for individual groups with large redundancy; and that for those variance factors
which fail to converge to unity, the redundancy numbers decrease monotonically as the iteration proceeds.
Received: 16 April 1996 / Accepted: 9 June 1998 相似文献
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Frank A. van den Heuvel 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》1998,53(6):354-368
Photogrammetry has many advantages as a technique for the acquisition of three-dimensional models for virtual reality. But the traditional photogrammetric process to extract 3D geometry from multiple images is often considered too labour-intensive. In this paper a method is presented with which a polyhedral object model can be efficiently derived from measurements in a single image combined with geometric knowledge on the object. Man-made objects can often be described by a polyhedral model and usually many geometric constraints are valid. These constraints are inferred during image interpretation or may even be extracted automatically. In this paper different types of geometric constraints and their use for object reconstruction are discussed. Applying more constraints than needed for reconstruction will lead to redundancy and thereby to the need for an adjustment. The redundancy is the basis for reliability that is introduced by testing for possible measurement errors. The adjusted observations are used for object reconstruction in a separate step. Of course the model that is obtained from a single image will not be complete, for instance due to occlusion. An arbitrary number of models can be combined using similarity transformations based on the coordinates of common points. The information gathered allows for a bundle adjustment if highest accuracy is strived for. In virtual reality applications this is generally not the case, as quality is mainly determined by visual perception. A visual aspect of major importance is the photo-realistic texture mapped to the faces of the object. This texture is extracted from the same (single) image. In this paper the measurement process, the different types of constraints, their adjustment and the object model reconstruction are treated. A practical application of the proposed method is discussed in which a texture mapped model of a historic building is constructed and the repeatability of the method is assessed. The application shows the feasibility of the method and the potential of photogrammetry as an efficient tool for the production of 3D models for virtual reality applications. 相似文献
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介绍了自主导航的轨道确定及时间同步观测方程。以北斗仿真全星座为对象,通过采用仿真星间及卫星与地面锚固站间观测值,进行了60 d自主导航解算,分别探讨了锚固站数量及锚固站观测连续性对北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）3类卫星自主导航精度的影响。结果表明：锚固站数量及观测连续性对RERR及CERR无影响;加入1个锚固站即可显著改进URE结果精度,继续增加锚固站数量虽然可进一步提高URE精度但其改进效果有限;锚固站观测中断时间越长,其对应自主导航精度越低。因此,在BDS自主导航运行模式下应保持较高的锚固站观测频次以保证自主导航精度;另外,锚固站数量及观测连续性对北斗系统3类卫星自主导航精度的影响无显著差异。 相似文献
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大重叠度影像的相对定向与前方交会精度分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
针对数码相机所拍摄的序列图像具有重叠度高、同名特征的冗余观测值多等特点．分析了大重叠度序列影像在相对定向和前方交会时的精度优势。影像重叠度越大，相对定向的精度越好；而且重叠数目越大．交会角越大，平面和高程(或深度)方向的交会精度和可靠性也越高．实用中可采用80％重叠度的序列影像进行三维重建等。 相似文献
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Dennis G. Milbert 《Journal of Geodesy》1961,59(1):71-80
A technique for processing correlated observations suitable for large, sparse, least-squares adjustments is reviewed. Correlated
coordinate differences derived from the Global Positioning System are used as illustrative examples. However, the methods
examined are suitable for all types of correlated observations. The computation of variances of residuals, redundancy numbers,
and marginally detectable errors is considered for sparse systems. 相似文献