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1.
土工格栅与土界面作用特性试验研究   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
刘文白  周健 《岩土力学》2009,30(4):965-970
土工格栅与土的界面摩擦特性指标是加筋土工程设计的关键。通过分析土工格栅与土的界面摩擦作用和进行了直剪摩擦试验和拉拔摩擦试验,测试了两种试验条件的界面摩擦特性。在两种试验条件下,土工格栅加筋土复合体的抗剪强度均有界面摩擦角φsq和界面凝聚力csq,且土工格栅与土相对位移量的不同,其复合体的强度机理有区别。在拉拔摩擦试验中,剪应力峰值强度对应的剪切变形值高于直剪摩擦试验中剪应力峰值强度的剪切变形值5~10倍以上。两种试验均有其适用性,而土与土工格栅的相对位移较小时直剪摩擦试验较能反映实际;土与土工格栅相对位移较大时土与格栅双面均发生相对位移,拉拔摩擦试验更为合适。随法向应力的增大,直剪摩擦和拉拔摩擦试验的剪应力峰值以及剪应力峰值对应的位移均提高。直剪摩擦的剪切速度小,剪应力峰值强度高,且达到峰值强度的剪切位移大;增加剪切速度,剪应力峰值强度降低,且对应的位移也减少,其原因是界面上的孔隙水压力消散和筋材的应力松弛。应根据具体工程的需要选择直剪摩擦试验和拉拔摩擦试验确定设计参数。  相似文献   

2.
在加筋土工程中,采用异型格栅和设置粗粒土夹层可以有效增强筋土相互作用。然而粗粒土夹层厚度的确定方法仍有待进一步研究。基于一种带有凸起节点结构的高摩阻超静定土工格栅(high resistance hyperstatic geogrids,简称HRHG)与砾石的直剪试验结果,建立了剪切硬化筋土界面的剪胀本构模型,并进一步研究了筋土剪胀应力在土体内引起附加应力的分布规律。通过开展不同法向压力(30、50、80 kPa)下的直剪试验,研究了不同粗粒土夹层厚度(60、100、140、180 mm)对筋土相互作用的影响,并与筋土界面剪胀应力的分布规律进行了对比分析。结果表明,筋土界面剪胀本构模型可以有效计算剪缩位移和剪胀位移,且最终剪胀位移随法向压力增加而减小。由界面剪胀应力引起的粗粒土中附加应力随着与筋土界面距离的增加而降低,但是剪胀范围逐步增大。粗粒土夹层厚度的增加可以有效提高界面剪切强度,但存在最优夹层厚度使界面剪切强度的增幅迅速降低。最优夹层厚度随着法向压力的增加而减小。通过对比分析最优夹层厚度与剪胀应力比之间的关系,提出了基于筋土界面剪胀本构模型的确定最优夹层厚度的半经验公式,可为HR...  相似文献   

3.
剪切速率和材料特性对筋-土界面抗剪强度的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
徐超  孟凡祥 《岩土力学》2010,31(10):3101-3106
土工合成材料与填料之间的界面强度参数是加筋-土工程设计的关键技术指标,筋-土界面的直剪试验和拉拔试验在界面剪切特性试验研究中应用最为广泛。利用土工格栅、土工织物与砂土的直剪试验和拉拔试验,研究了剪切速率和筋材性质对筋-土界面强度的影响。研究结果表明,当剪切速率不超过一定界限(如7.0 mm/min)时,其对直剪试验结果的影响可以忽略;筋-土界面强度受加筋材料及砂土特性的影响,双向聚丙烯土工格栅和土工织物与砂土之间的内摩擦角与纯砂接近,界面强度较高,而玻纤格栅因其延伸率低和网格尺寸较小,与砂土的界面强度比较低。  相似文献   

4.
为研究横肋加厚的三维立体土工格栅孔径对筋土界面直剪特性的影响,利用3D打印技术制作出不同规格的三维立体土工格栅,将格栅孔径(25 mm×25 mm、35 mm×35 mm、45 mm×45 mm)、竖向应力(30 kPa、60 kPa、90 kPa)、剪切速率(0.5 mm/min、1 mm/min、2 mm/min)作为试验参数,通过室内大型直剪仪进行单调直剪试验,对以上三种因素影响下的筋土界面剪切特性进行研究。结果表明:3种孔径格栅中,35 mm×35 mm孔径格栅的筋土界面峰值剪应力、内摩擦角最大;随着剪切速率倍增,峰值剪应力变化幅度较小,3种不同剪切速率对应的峰值剪应力之间的相对变化率处于-4%~11%;竖向应力越大,峰值剪应力越大,筋土界面峰值剪应力相对变化率大于20%,表明竖向应力对筋土界面剪切特性影响明显。  相似文献   

5.
为研究填料平均粒径与土工格栅网孔尺寸的比值对格栅-粗粒土界面抗剪特性的影响,试验所用粗粒土的粒径范围分为4种,采用一种方形网孔的土工格栅作为加筋材料,在竖向应力分别为30、60、90 kPa、剪切速率分别为0.25、1、2、5 mm/min、密实度分别为22%、55%、75%的条件下,使用室内大型直剪仪进行了一系列的单调直剪试验。试验结果表明,填料平均粒径与格栅网孔尺寸的比值越大,筋土界面的峰值剪应力和残余剪应力越大。当填料平均粒径与格栅网孔尺寸的比值从0.04增大到0.20时,峰值剪应力的似黏聚力从13.79 kPa增大到64.23 kPa,残余剪应力的似黏聚力从16.11 kPa增大到51.56 kPa,密实度为22%时土样在剪切过程中一直处于剪缩状态,密实度分别为55%、75%时两种土样在整体上均呈现明显的剪胀现象;剪切速率对筋土界面单调直剪特性的影响较小。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究不同颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面的剪切特性,采用3种不同颗粒级配的砂土与土工格栅进行了一系列大型室内单调直剪试验、循环直剪试验和循环后单调直剪试验,并且通过对比单调直剪以及循环后单调直剪下界面剪切特性的变化,研究了循环剪切应力历史对界面抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:单调直剪试验中,三种界面均发生峰值后剪切软化现象,且高应力下软化现象更明显;三种界面在循环直剪试验中均呈现剪切硬化特点,同一循环次数下颗粒级配良好砂土与格栅界面剪切强度最大;经历过循环剪切后,三种界面的峰值黏聚力与残余黏聚力均减小,而峰值摩擦角与残余摩擦角增大;遭受循环剪切后,三种颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面抗剪强度都得到了提高。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究不同颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面的剪切特性,采用3种不同颗粒级配的砂土与土工格栅进行了一系列大型室内单调直剪试验、循环直剪试验和循环后单调直剪试验,并且通过对比单调直剪以及循环后单调直剪下界面剪切特性的变化,研究了循环剪切应力历史对界面抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:单调直剪试验中,三种界面均发生峰值后剪切软化现象,且高应力下软化现象更明显;三种界面在循环直剪试验中均呈现剪切硬化特点,同一循环次数下颗粒级配良好砂土与格栅界面剪切强度最大;经历过循环剪切后,三种界面的峰值黏聚力与残余黏聚力均减小,而峰值摩擦角与残余摩擦角增大;遭受循环剪切后,三种颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面抗剪强度都得到了提高。  相似文献   

8.
典型垃圾填埋场衬垫系统由土/土工膜、土工膜/土工织物等多个界面组成,这些界面抗剪强度低,成为潜在的滑裂面,容易使填埋场发生沿界面的失稳破坏。本文根据大量土/土工膜界面直剪试验的研究,针对该界面的变形机理和应变软化特性,在前人研究的基础上确定了接触面的厚度,定义了接触面的切向应变和法向应变,将界面的变形分为3个阶段:弹性阶段,塑性阶段和残余阶段。同时提出了适合于土与土工膜界面的弹塑性本构模型。该本构模型参数较少,物理意义明确,运用简单方便。最后,结合Filz接触面直剪试验和钱学德单剪试验的结果,将通过该模型得到的拟合结果与之进行了对比验证分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的土与土工膜界面弹塑性本构模型是合理可行的,且建模方便,适用于工程实践。  相似文献   

9.
三向土工格栅筋-土界面特性拉拔试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《岩土力学》2017,(2):317-324
现有关于格栅与土的筋-土界面特性研究多以单、双向格栅为研究对象,而对三向土工格栅筋-土界面特性开展的试验研究较少。以三向土工格栅为研究对象并考虑0°和90°两种拉拔方向的影响(记为TX_0工况和TX_90工况),开展了一系列室内拉拔试验,通过对三向土工格栅沿拉拔方向4个断面的位移进行量测,分析了格栅拉伸应变、筋-土相对位移、界面摩阻力分布及格栅变形与破坏模式,并分别从峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度两个方面对筋-土界面强度参数和表观摩擦系数的变化规律进行了探讨。研究结果表明:由于平面外挠曲变形的影响,TX_0工况下横肋的嵌锁作用随法向应力增大而增强,从而使TX_0工况的拉拔性能逐渐优于TX_90工况;拉拔过程中,筋-土界面摩阻力的发挥是一个渐进的过程,其分布形式不断发生调整,筋-土界面呈弹塑性-软化特征;TX_0工况的筋-土界面摩擦角显著大于TX_90工况,黏聚力则刚好相反,法向应力较高时TX_0工况的筋-土界面强度更高,更有利于材料性能的发挥。  相似文献   

10.
朱顺然  徐超  丁金华 《岩土力学》2018,39(5):1775-1780
针对土工合成材料界面特性试验易受试验装置影响的特点,采用大型叠环式剪切仪进行土工织物与砂土的界面剪切试验。对比砂土本身、土工织物与砂土的两种剪切试验结果发现,土工织物-砂土剪切引起的叠环位移较小;叠环的水平位移变化规律与土体的剪胀性具有密切联系,土工织物限制了下剪切盒内土颗粒的运动,对达到峰值强度时的土体剪胀也具有抑制作用。由试验结果可知,筋-土界面的剪切带远小于剪切的影响范围,土工织物在界面剪切中的作用不能仅通过剪切带反映,还应考虑土工织物的屏蔽作用和对于土体剪切带形成的影响。  相似文献   

11.
The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures.  相似文献   

12.
我国黄土高原地区黄土沉积覆盖于新近系三趾马红土之上,形成具有胶结的异质土界面。为研究黏结强度对黄土–三趾马红土界面抗剪强度与变形特性影响,开展其剪切力学试验研究,探讨界面间黏结强度对界面破坏模式、界面变形与抗剪强度特性影响规律。结果表明:(1) 有无界面黏结导致异质土界面试样破坏模式不同,界面黏结增大了试样沿界面间的滑动阻力,试样剪切破坏更趋于剪断模式,剪断面损伤程度也越高;(2) 异质土界面剪应力–剪应变曲线均呈应变软化型,有无界面黏结导致界面试样剪切变形特征不同,有界面黏结试样剪切破坏位移大,峰值强度后剪应力降低幅值大,试样脆性剪断破坏特征越显著;(3) 剪切过程中异质土界面产生明显的竖向剪胀变形,有界面黏结试样竖向剪切位移小,且其随界面粗糙度、法向应力变化幅值小;(4) 异质土界面抗剪强度呈非线性变化,界面黏结存在显著提升了界面试样抗剪强度。当异质土界面间粗糙度较低时,黏结强度对界面试样抗剪强度提升幅度大;当异质土界面间粗糙度高时,黏结强度对界面试样抗剪强度的提升幅度下降,此时界面抗剪强度主要受控于界面两侧土体抗剪强度。   相似文献   

13.
This paper evaluates the mechanical behaviour of yielding frictional geomaterials. The general Double Shearing model describes this behaviour. Non‐coaxiality of stress and plastic strain increments for plane strain conditions forms an important part of this model. The model is based on a micro‐mechanical and macro‐mechanical formulation. The stress–dilatancy theory in the model combines the mechanical behaviour on both scales. It is shown that the general Double Shearing formulation comprises other Double Shearing models. These models differ in the relation between the mobilized friction and dilatancy and in non‐coaxiality. In order to describe reversible and irreversible deformations the general Double Shearing model is extended with elasticity. The failure of soil masses is controlled by shear mechanisms. These shear mechanisms are determined by the conditions along the shear band. The shear stress ratio of a shear band depends on the orientation of the stress in the shear band. There is a difference between the peak strength and the residual strength in the shear band. While peak stress depends on strength properties only, the residual strength depends upon the yield conditions and the plastic deformation mechanisms and is generally considerably lower than the maximum strength. It is shown that non‐coaxial models give non‐unique solutions for the shear stress ratio on the shear band. The Double Shearing model is applied to various failure problems of soils such as the direct simple shear test, the biaxial test, infinite slopes, interfaces and for the calculation of the undrained shear strength. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
西北黄土高原第四系黄土广泛沉积于新近系三趾马红土之上形成粗糙接触的异质土界面,为典型的易滑层面。为探讨接触界面粗糙度对黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性影响,研制界面制样装置及剪切仪,开展简化黄土-三趾马红土界面直剪试验研究。结果表明:界面剪切破坏模式有齿间滑动、齿间滑动-齿面剪断、齿面剪断3种,界面接触角度越大,破坏模式越趋于齿面剪断,接触角度越小,破坏模式越趋于齿间滑动;界面剪切应力-剪切位移曲线演化规律表明界面脆性剪切破坏特征明显,且界面接触角度越大,峰值前剪切刚度与剪切破坏位移越大,峰值后剪切位移“跳跃”跌落现象越明显,界面脆性剪断破坏特征越显著;界面剪切过程产生明显剪胀效应,随界面接触角度增大,峰值剪胀角呈先减小而后增大趋势,反映了界面不同剪切破坏模式变化;受界面间初始黏聚强度与剪切破坏模式影响,界面抗剪强度随法向应力呈非线性变化,并受界面接触角度影响,峰值强度随界面角度增大呈先增大而后减小趋势,残余强度随界面角度增大呈增大趋势。  相似文献   

15.
节理岩体的剪切贯通机制影响着边坡的稳定性。为揭示锁固段型非贯通节理岩体在不同连通率和法向应力下的破坏特征,在室内直剪试验中结合高速摄影与AE特征参数分析其剪切全过程及剪胀效应。结果表明:节理岩体直剪试验中,法向应力的增大及节理连通率的下降会致使峰值剪切应力及峰值剪切位移增大;节理连通率与法向应力对其破坏特征具显著影响,表现为节理连通率较高且法向应力较小时呈直接剪断的特性,节理连通率降低后呈拉剪复合破坏,出现剪胀现象,而法向应力的增大使得剪胀效应呈波动现象;AE特征与岩桥贯通过程一致,事件数峰值随节理连通率的降低及法向应力的增大而增大且位于峰后。试验得到的岩桥细观破坏特征与剪胀效应对研究锁固段型岩质边坡的贯通破坏机制具指导意义。  相似文献   

16.
张莹 《地质与勘探》2018,54(2):381-388
在广西壮族自治区桂林市天门村进行了硅质岩结构面强度的原位试验,结合现场调查,基于Barton模型,估算了硅质岩结构面抗剪强度。结果表明,硅质岩结构面的剪应力-位移曲线呈现出塑性变形的特征,剪切过程具有爬坡、空化、剪胀的特点。剪切曲线分为剪胀、剪断凸台和完全接触三个过程。结构面受剪力初期,剪应力上升较快,剪切位移随剪应力的增大而几乎呈线性增大,处于弹性状态;随着剪应力的不断增大,在剪切面处发生爬坡作用和啃断作用这两种力学效果;当将结构面上的凸台被啃断后,剪应力上升的梯度变小,直至峰值强度,处于完全接触状态。原位试验得到的抗剪强度参数与Barton模型计算的结果具有较好的一致性,但Barton模型参数的确定带有很强的主观性而造成的误差较大,导致其计算结果偏小,因此在没有经验值和相关工程参考的地区进行现场大剪试验是十分必要的,既保证了工程的可靠性,又避免过于保守,本次实验的结果为类似工程的取值提供了参考。  相似文献   

17.
Generalization of soil–structure interface models from dry/saturated states to consider partially saturated states is studied in this paper. For this purpose, basic constitutive equations of a conventional elasto-plastic interface model are firstly presented. Then, consideration is given to the effect of partial saturation on definition of effective stress, location of the critical state line as well as the impact of interface state on plastic hardening modulus and dilatancy. For each concern, proper independent approaches together with associated constitutive equations are discussed to be included in the basic model as complementary ingredients. Among many different possibilities to combine complementary constitutive equations for effective stress, relocation of the critical state line with degree of saturation, and impact of the interface state on plastic hardening modulus and dilatancy, six essential cases are selected. Evaluations show that all six cases can realistically consider the impact of partial degree of saturation on the peak and residual shear strengths as well as the volume change behavior of unsaturated interfaces.  相似文献   

18.
The deposition process of tailings in a tailings dam may lead to the anisotropy of mechanical properties of tailings. To investigate the anisotropic shear strength characteristics of a tailings sand, samples deposited under gravity were sheared in a modified direct shear apparatus along different orientations of the shear planes relative to the bedding plane. The experimental results reveal that the anisotropy has a substantial effect on the peak shear strength of the tailings sand, leading to a variation in peak friction angle of 10°. It is found that the effect of anisotropy on the peak shear strength of the tailings sand is mainly attributed to the effect of anisotropy on soil dilatancy. On the other hand, the effect of anisotropy on the residual friction angle of the tailing sand is relatively smaller, likely due to the partial erasure of anisotropy at large shear deformation. The degree of anisotropy is reduced by an increase in normal stress. To achieve more accurate stability analysis of tailings dams, it is suggested to take into account the shear strength anisotropy of tailings soils.  相似文献   

19.
A constitutive model based on the disturbed state concept is presented to describe the behavior of interfaces in unsaturated soil. The model is an extension of an existing model developed for a sand–steel interface. As opposed to the original model, the modified model incorporates two independent stress variables, which are the net normal stress and matric suction. The saturated and dry state of the interface can be modeled as a special case using the constitutive model presented in this paper. The modified model is capable of capturing the main features of unsaturated interfaces observed during laboratory testing, including increasing shear strength and strain softening with increasing suction and net normal stress and increasing dilatancy with increasing suction. Laboratory tests were carried out on unsaturated interfaces in a modified direct shear test apparatus. The observed behavior of interfaces between unsaturated soil and steel plates (rough and smooth) is presented in comparison with model predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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