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1.
With the development of Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) data, the OpenStreetMap has high research value in terms of project activity, social influence, urban development, application scope, and historical richness and the number of buildings or roads is increasing every day. However, how to evaluate the quality of a large amount OpenStreetMaps efficiently and accurately is still not fully understood. This article presents the development of an approach regarding multilevel stratified spatial sampling based on slope knowledge and official 1:1000 thematic maps as the reference dataset for OpenStreetMap data quality inspection of Hong Kong. This multilevel stratified spatial sampling plan is as follows: (1) The terrain characteristics of Hong Kong are fully considered by dividing grids into quality estimate strata based on the slope information; (2) Spatial sampling for the selection of grids or objects is used; (3) A more reliable sampling subset is made, regarding the representation of the entire OpenStreetMap dataset of Hong Kong. This sampling plan displays a 10% higher sampling accuracy, but without increasing the sample size, particularly as regards building completeness inspection compared with simple random sampling and systematic random sampling. This research promotes further applications of the Open-Street-Map dataset, thus enabling us to have a better understanding of the OpenStreetMap data quality in urban areas. 相似文献
2.
地基GPS技术遥感香港地区大气水汽含量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了分段多项式方法计算大气水汽含量,并结合无线电高空气象探测资料,分析并评估了地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度。香港地区的可降水份计算结果表明,地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度为１ ｍ ｍ ～２ ｍ ｍ 相似文献
3.
根据香港GPS永久跟踪站的长期GPS观测资料,估计出了香港地区电离层垂向电子含量,并分析了垂向电子含量的周日变化规律,对建立香港地区实用的电离层模型有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
4.
Digital Photogrammetry and Microscope Photographs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The feasibility of applying commercial digital photogrammetric software to the measurement of small objects photographed through an optical microscope has been examined. The objects, about 20 mm across, were photographed using a 35 mm film camera (at the lowest magnification setting of the Olympus microscope) giving photographs at a scale of 2:1. The photographs were then scanned before processing with the VirtuoZo digital photogrammetric system. Various problems needed to be overcome, some due to the limited options available with the highly automated digital system which was not designed for such measurement tasks. The unusual image scales, the uncommon pixel sizes and the unconventional and uncertain imaging geometry, all impeded immediate photogrammetric implementation. Photographic problems with the microscope were also faced, as with all microscope photogrammetry. Creating control points and independently assessing the accuracy of results at these scales were also difficult operations, but an analytical plotter was utilized for both these purposes and to verify the imaging geometry. Once such problems were overcome, image matching proceeded well and an accurate DTM could be created successfully, provided that a suitably textured object was chosen. 相似文献
5.
详细论述了《深圳·香港地图集》的项目背景、组织实施、内容结构、设计原则、图集开本、设计特色等方面的内容。该图集的编制出版,是深圳与香港在测绘领域的重要交流,对深港两地各个领域的深入合作和全面发展有着重要意义。 相似文献
6.
Manuel A. Aguilar Fernando J. Aguilar Francisco Agüera 《The Photogrammetric Record》2005,20(112):335-350
Generating maps of small areas using conventional aerial photography is of great interest for small engineering firms. The main problem is the high cost of the sophisticated digital photogrammetric workstations usually employed. In this paper, a low-cost close range photogrammetric software package is used to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the land surface from a photogrammetric flight at a scale of approximately 1:5000. Furthermore, the influence of the type of scanner used to digitise photographs (consumer-grade or photogrammetric scanner), the resolution of the digital images and the number of control points required are examined. The root mean square errors obtained at the check points, using a low-cost close range software package, scanning aerial images with a photogrammetric scanner and 24 ground control points, were around 116 mm for X and Y coordinates, and 191 mm for Z. These levels of accuracy allow the generation of planimetric maps at a scale of 1:1500 and topographic maps with a contour interval of around 1 m. When the images were scanned with a consumer-grade scanner, the root mean square errors were around 150 mm for X and Y, and 271 mm for Z. 相似文献
7.
Tide gauge records of Hong Kong covering the past 45 years (1954.0–1999.0) are adopted to analyze the basic features of sea
level changes in the region. Data sets of atmospheric pressure, southern oscillation index and sea surface temperature during
the same time span are also used to determine the possible link between the sea level changes in Hong Kong and local and global
geophysical processes. Results indicate that the sea level of Hong Kong has a rising trend of 1.9 ± 0.4 mm per year, and that
there is an upward offset of about 15 cm in the pre-1957.0 tide gauge records. The effect of local atmospheric pressure variations
on the amplitude of the annual sea level change is about 30% of the amplitude that is calculated after the effect is corrected.
It is also found that the interannual variations in the sea level of Hong Kong are related to El Ni?o and La Ni?a events that
happen frequently in the tropical Pacific.
Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 15 August 2000 相似文献
8.
Spatial and temporal resolution of water vapor content is useful in improving the accuracy of short-term weather prediction. Dense and continuously tracking regional GPS arrays will play an important role in remote sensing atmospheric water vapor content. In this study, a piecewise linear solution method was proposed to estimate the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content from ground-based GPS observations in Hong Kong. To evaluate the solution accuracy of the water vapor content sensed by GPS, the upper air sounding data (radiosonde) that are collected locally was used to calculate the precipitable water vapor during the same period. One-month results of PWV from both ground-based GPS sensing technique and radiosonde method are in agreement within 1–2 mm. This encouraging result will motivate the GPS meteorology application based on the establishment of a dense GPS array in Hong Kong. 相似文献
9.
Qiang Chen Guoxiang Liu Xiaoli Ding Jyr-Ching Hu Linguo Yuan Ping Zhong M. Omura 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
A method for tightly integrating GPS observations and the persistent scatterer (PS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is proposed to detect vertical ground motion in Hong Kong, China. The tropospheric zenith wet delays (ZWD) derived from GPS observations at sites in the SAR scenes are used first to model and correct for the tropospheric effects in the interferograms generated from the SAR images. The vertical motion rates (VMR) of the GPS sites determined based on the continuous GPS observations obtained at the sites are then used as constraints in the PS InSAR solutions to further enhance the quality of the solutions. Data from 12 continuous tracking GPS sites in Hong Kong and 8 ENVISAT ASAR images acquired during 2006–2007 are used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. The results from the example show that the method is capable of detecting accurately the vertical ground motion. 相似文献
10.
Spatial and temporal resolution of water vapor content is useful in improving the accuracy of short-term weather prediction.Dense and continuously tracking regional GPS arrays will play an important role in remote sensing atmospheric water vapor content.In this study,a piecewise linear solution method was proposed to estimate the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content from ground-based GPS observations in Hong Kong.To evaluate the solution accuracy of the water vapor content sensed by GPS,the upper air sounding data (radiosonde) that are collected locally was used to calculate the precipitable water vapor during the same period.One-month results of PWV from both ground-based GPS sensing technique and radiosonde method are in agreement within 1～2 mm.This encouraging result will motivate the GPS meteorology application based on the establishment of a dense GPS array in Hong Kong. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a geographic information systems (GIS) model to relate biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) isoprene emissions to ecosystem type, as well as environmental drivers such as light intensity, temperature, landscape factor and foliar density. Data and techniques have recently become available which can permit new improved estimates of isoprene emissions over Hong Kong. The techniques are based on Guenther et al., 1993, Guenther et al., 1999 model. The spatially detailed mapping of isoprene emissions over Hong Kong at a resolution of 100 m and a database has been constructed for retrieval of the isoprene maps from February 2007 to January 2008. This approach assigns emission rates directly to ecosystem types not to individual species, since unlike in temperate regions where one or two single species may dominate over large regions, Hong Kong's vegetation is extremely diverse with up to 300 different species in 1 ha. Field measurements of emissions by canister sampling obtained a range of ambient emissions according to different climatic conditions for Hong Kong's main ecosystem types in both urban and rural areas, and these were used for model validation. Results show the model-derived isoprene flux to have high to moderate correlations with field observations (i.e. r2 = 0.77, r2 = 0.63, r2 = 0.37 for all 24 field measurements, subset for summer, and winter data, respectively) which indicate the robustness of the approach when applied to tropical forests at detailed level, as well as the promising role of remote sensing in isoprene mapping. The GIS model and raster database provide a simple and low cost estimation of the BVOC isoprene in Hong Kong at detailed level. City planners and environmental authorities may use the derived models for estimating isoprene transportation, and its interaction with anthropogenic pollutants in urban areas. 相似文献
12.
香港特区土地批租期满,但契约规定可续期的土地,续期内仅需缴纳象征性的少量定额租金。这对我国住宅用地70年到期后如何续期及续期内如何缴纳费用有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
基于GPS基准网的GPS快速静态定位及动态定位方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍基于GPS基准网进行GSP快速静态定位和动态定位的原理和方法。通过计算基准网改正数及其空间分布，利用内插方法求出用户站的模型误差改正数，不仅可以提高GPS整周模糊度的可靠性，而且能够大大改善GPS测量的精度。利用香港GPS基准网2001年3月的实测数据进行了解算，发现地区在该时间段内受强电离层活动的影响，采用常规GPS测量方法很难确定整周模糊度。利用传统的快速静态定位方法对香港GPS基准网其中一条边（9.2km）24h的观测数据按每15min计算，模糊度确定的准确率仅为45％。采用基准网内插改正数后，仅利用L1的观测数据模糊度确定的准确率提高到100％。点位精度平面位置由2cm提高到5mm，高程精度由4cm提高到3cm。 相似文献
15.
This paper describes work undertaken to measure deformation of a pavement within the Newcastle University Rolling Load Facility (NUROLF). Precise three dimensional measurements of the pavement have been produced from stereo-imagery taken with diVerent cameras, using both analytical and digital photogrammetric instrumentation. The photogrammetric measurements, and those from the existing system consisting of an array of linear voltage displacement transducers, have been compared with measurements produced using a digital level. Encouraging results have been achieved and photogrammetry has been shown to be capable of producing a similar accuracy to the existing system. There are many advantages associated with a photogrammetric survey but attempts to establish a permanent, automated photogrammetric system for the rolling load facility at a reasonable cost have so far been unsuccessful. It is anticipated that, with the falling cost of high resolution digital sensors, such a system will soon be possible. 相似文献
16.
在地基GPS水汽反演过程中,针对因大气加权平均温度的精度而影响大气可降水量计算结果精度的问题,文中采用回归分析方法对香港地区2006-2016年的探空数据进行研究,构建适用于香港地区的单因子以及多因子两种大气加权平均温度计算模型.并使用两种模型分别预测2017年加权平均温度,与多种经验公式结果以及真值进行对比,单因子和多因子模型与真值的偏差在-5～5K范围内分别占比80.72%和85.26%,明显优于其他经验公式;且按季节分别建模对大气加权平均温度计算结果的精度并没有明显提高,但按昼夜分别建模能够使计算结果的精度得到明显的提高.因此为了能够使水汽反演计算时的精度得到提升,应当使用当地多年的探空气象资料构建适用于当地的加权平均温度计算模型,对于提高GPS反演大气水汽总量的精度具有重要意义. 相似文献
17.
全数字摄影测量主要应用于生产数字地形图及数字地面高程模型（DEM）和数字正射影像图（DOM）。某市及周边地区1：l000地形图航测项目,利用DMC一110摄影仪进行摄影获取的影像数据,使用VirtuoZo数字摄影测量工作站,阐述进行航测内业绘制地形图的全面流程。DMC技术将发挥更大的优势,在数字摄影测量中得到越来越广泛的应用。 相似文献
18.
In this paper, ionospheric disturbance data from a local GPS network in Hong Kong (low latitude region) are studied in the
solar maximum period (2001–2003). The spatial and temporal distributions of the disturbances in Hong Kong are investigated.
It is found that strong ionospheric disturbances occur frequently during the solar maximum period, particularly around March
and September, and concentrate at the region around geographic latitude 22°N (geomagnetic latitude 12°N). The effects of the
disturbances on GPS geodetic receivers, such as loss of lock and measurement noise level, are also analyzed for the 3-year
period. It shows that the measurement noise level and the number of losses of lock in GPS data increase dramatically during
ionospheric disturbance periods. The behaviors of different types of GPS receivers during the disturbances are also compared. 相似文献
19.
多摄站系统质量分析及其法方程病态现象的克服 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了一个多摄站（全方位）摄影测量系统，它适宜于近景摄影测量灵活的构网形式，包括全方位摄影，文中分析了多摄站摄影测量网平差的精度和可靠性，并介绍一种该系统试用的克服法方程病态现象的新方法。 相似文献
20.
加权平均温度作为GNSS水汽反演的重要参数,直接影响大气可降水量的反演精度,而建立区域化加权平均温度模型有助于提高水汽反演精度。利用香港探空站2012-2015年数据资料,在分析加权平均温度与地面气象要素关系的基础上,运用最小二乘原理探究最优回归方程系数,回归建立了区域加权平均温度的单因素模型和多因素模型。结果表明:多因素模型精度高于单因素模型,但并不显著,Bevis经验公式应用于香港区域时不满足精度要求;对模型精度和适用性进行了分析比较,表明文中建立的模型精度较高,能更好满足水汽遥感高精度的要求。 相似文献