共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):119-132
Geologists consider field mapping skills necessary for the development of expertise in geology. We discuss the results of a day-long geology mapping exercise in the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. Sixty-seven volunteer geologists, chosen specifically to represent a continuum from novice to expert, were asked to create a map of bedrock geology for approximately 70 square hectares. In order to identify and assess field mapping strategies, GPS tracks of each participant's field activities were analyzed using GIS and sequence alignment techniques. Results indicate differences in routes used during the field task by participants with varying levels of mapping expertise. To investigate this result, the field area was divided into thirty-three sub-regions based on topography, vegetation, rock outcrops, and participant traffic. Using these sub-regions, multiple variables such as amount of time spent in each sub-region and the order in which these sub-regions were visited were determined for each participant. Geologic mapping experts and others who are able to produce highly accurate maps recorded similar spatio-temporal sequences during the task, likely related to development of a reasonable structural hypothesis early in the task. These results have implications for field education and emphasize the role of working hypotheses in informing the movement of experts in the field. 相似文献
2.
The main aim of this study was to produce landslide susceptibility maps using statistical index (SI), certainty factors (CF), weights of evidence (WoE) and evidential belief function (EBF) models for the Long County, China. Firstly, a landslide inventory map, including a total of 171 landslides, was compiled on the basis of earlier reports, interpretation of aerial photographs and supported by extensive field surveys. Thereafter, all landslides were randomly separated into two data sets: 70% landslides (120 points) were selected for establishing the model and the remaining landslides (51 points) were used for validation purposes. Eleven landslide conditioning factors, such as slope aspect, slope angle, plan curvature, profile curvature, altitude, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers, lithology, NDVI and land use, were considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in this study. Then, the SI, CF, WoE and EBF models were used to produce the landslide susceptibility maps for the study area. Finally, the four models were validated using area under the curve (AUC) method. According to the validation results, the EBF model (AUC = 78.93%) has a higher prediction accuracy than the SI model (AUC = 77.72%), the WoE model (AUC = 77.62%) and the CF model (AUC = 77.72%). Similarly, the validation results also indicate that the EBF model has the highest training accuracy of 80.25%, followed by SI (79.80%), WoE (79.71%) and CF (79.67%) models. 相似文献
3.
Reference spectra of terrestrial targets are usually collected using field spectro-radiometers for mineral abundance mapping and target detection. These spectra often have noise that masks characteristic absorption and reflection features and affects the efficiency of material mapping. This work aims at obtaining an empirical technique for reduction of high-frequency noise from field spectra. The proposed noise correction technique uses a ‘normalized’ measure Rn , where Rn = (Ln ? Fn )/Ln for each band (n) calculated from field and laboratory spectra of test material, with Fn and Ln being the depth of the absorption feature in field and laboratory spectra, respectively. On the basis of the assumption of the constancy of this ratio in neighbouring bands, an empirical algorithm that approximates the ratio Rn of a noisy band to the corrected ratio of an adjacent band is used to obtain the noise-corrected field spectra. The classification accuracy increases significantly when noise reduced field spectra are used as reference spectra. 相似文献
4.
Salah Sadek Isam Kaysi Mounia Bedran 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2000,2(3-4)
Highway route layout design typically relies on aerial photographs, topographic maps and geologic maps. In this paper, a GIS platform, which incorporates the main digital data needed for evaluating route layouts, is used in a computer-based approach for highway layout assessment. Possible layouts are evaluated based on two sets of criteria. First, traditional evaluation criteria focussing on geometric design factors and impact on man-made features are considered. Next, the developed assessment framework builds on the GIS platform to generate specific environmental and geotechnical criteria for route layout evaluation. The developed approach integrates highway design, slope stability, and traffic noise modeling packages and specifically written codes with the GIS packages ARC/INFO and ArcView. A prototypical application of the assessment framework for a proposed highway south of the city of Beirut, Lebanon is presented. The results demonstrate the potential of the developed approach in incorporating new evaluation criteria at the route layout design stage and in automating the route layout assessment procedure. 相似文献
5.
R. K. Saxena R. M. Pofali L. R. Hirekerur 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1983,11(3):30-38
Optimal land use map of Kanholi area, part of Nagpur district,Maharashtra have been prepared using Satellite imagery in 1:1000,000 and 1:250,000 and aerial photographs in 1:60,000 scale with adequate ground checks. The Satellite imagery proved valuable information about landscape characteristics, land use, hydrology and other environmental features. The aerial photographs were used to prepare comparatively large scale land resource association maps in scale 1:60,000 on geomorphology, landuse, soil hydrology. Soil irrigability, land irrigability and land capability maps are also attempted after interpreting soils information collected during field studies. The utility of this technique in preparation of optimal land use map with associated limitations due to scale have been discussed in the paper. 相似文献
6.
Monitoring canopy growth and grain yield of paddy rice in South Korea by using the GRAMI model and high spatial resolution imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Monitoring crop conditions and forecasting crop yields are both important for assessing crop production and for determining appropriate agricultural management practices; however, remote sensing is limited by the resolution, timing, and coverage of satellite images, and crop modeling is limited in its application at regional scales. To resolve these issues, the Gramineae (GRAMI)-rice model, which utilizes remote sensing data, was used in an effort to combine the complementary techniques of remote sensing and crop modeling. The model was then investigated for its capability to monitor canopy growth and estimate the grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa), at both the field and the regional scales, by using remote sensing images with high spatial resolution. The field scale investigation was performed using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, and the regional-scale investigation was performed using RapidEye satellite images. Simulated grain yields at the field scale were not significantly different (p = 0.45, p = 0.27, and p = 0.52) from the corresponding measured grain yields according to paired t-tests (α = 0.05). The model’s projections of grain yield at the regional scale represented the spatial grain yield variation of the corresponding field conditions to within ±1 standard deviation. Therefore, based on mapping the growth and grain yield of rice at both field and regional scales of interest within coverages of a UAV or the RapidEye satellite, our results demonstrate the applicability of the GRAMI-rice model to the monitoring and prediction of rice growth and grain yield at different spatial scales. In addition, the GRAMI-rice model is capable of reproducing seasonal variations in rice growth and grain yield at different spatial scales. 相似文献
7.
Hypsometric analysis is an important tool to identify and justify the erosional status, erosional processes, geologic and tectonic influences, and stage of landscape development of a basin. In this study, scale dependence of hypsometric integral (Ea) and hypsometric curve parameters were derived and analysed for various order sub-basins of Sirsa river. Here, Ea of higher order sub-basins are quite scale dependent and controlled by lithology; albeit Ea of all order sub-basins is independent of tectonic uplift. Based on Ea, all fourth and fifth order sub-basins were categorised in three classes. The analysis of hypsometric curve parameters showed that sub-basins of first category (Ea < 0.35) is characterised by upward-concave curve, fluvial process dominated and early old stage landscape. Sub-basins of second category (0.35 < Ea < 0.45) reflects concave-convex curve, dominance of fluvial process and mature landscape; whereas third category sub-basins (Ea > 0.45) are diffusive process dominated and belong to late youth to early mature stage. 相似文献
8.
C. R. Shivaprasad C. S. Harindranath S. Subramanyam 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1985,13(1):29-38
The use of Landsat images at 1∶1 Million and 1∶250,000 scales and aerial photographs at 1∶60,000 scale for preparation of soil maps has been discussed. It was possible to prepare soil maps at Suborder and its association from the Landsat images as the base and Subgroup and its association map using the aerial photographs as base. The compatability of classification of landscape units has been discussed keeping the API map as the standard. 相似文献
9.
V. V. Kozin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):311-318
The basic methodology of structural-landscape mapping is outlined: (a) preliminary delineation, using remote sensing imagery, of macroregions where surface topography corresponds generally to underlying geologic structure; and (b) identification and mapping (at smaller scales) of landscape anomalies within these regions which indicate structural-tectonic disturbances of a particular type (oil-gas traps, for example). Various types of structural-landscape maps are then compared for the purpose of demonstrating both the multiplicity of uses for such maps and the importance of carefully selecting indices for mapping and optimal designs for specific uses, such as oil and gas exploration. Translated from: Izvestiya, Vsesoyuznoye Geograficheskoye Obshchestvo, 1984, No. 3, pp. 218-224. 相似文献
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G. Martelet C. TruffertB. Tourlière P. LedruJ. Perrin 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006
In highly weathered environments, it is crucial that geological maps provide information concerning both the regolith and the bedrock, for societal needs, such as land-use, mineral or water resources management. Often, geologists are facing the challenge of upgrading existing maps, as relevant information concerning weathering processes and pedogenesis is currently missing. In rugged areas in particular, where access to the field is difficult, ground observations are sparsely available, and need therefore to be complemented using methods based on remotely sensed data. 相似文献
12.
Vegetation signatures on aerial photographs and space imagery are used as indicators of soil moisture differences in a Siberian taiga landscape. The authors use remote sensing products to identify all major habitat types resulting from variable soil moisture regimes that were observed on the ground. These types are described, as are their interpretation keys and the effects of scale change on habitat discrimination. Translated from: Kosmicheskiye metody izucheniya prirodnoy sredy Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, Novosibirsk, 1983, pp. 63-74. 相似文献
13.
The first of two papers devoted to the analysis and mapping of river channels and floodplains describes Soviet work in the photogrammetric and cartometric analysis of floodplain morphology based on remote sensing imagery. The emphasis of the present paper is on the creation of digital terrain models for the automated measurement and mapping of floodplain features. Considerable attention is focused upon analysis of indicators of channel and floodplain dynamics (channel deposition, bankside erosion, meanders) appearing on aerial photographs. The results of channel analyses based on aerial photographic and field methods (determinations of channel width, depth, etc.) are compared for a test site. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1986, No. 4, pp. 51-57. 相似文献
14.
Open‐cast mining activity causes the largest georelief transfigurations all over the world. Large localities in north‐west Bohemia (the Czech Republic) are affected. In this area, we focus on a very significant case: the royal town Most, which has been turned into a lake. The main aim of this article is the reconstruction of the original georelief in different time periods together with analysis showing the process of landscape devastation. The workflow and analysis is based on precise elevation data obtained from aerial photographs and old maps. The georelief development is reconstructed using the digitized contour lines contained in Derived state‐map 1:5,000 (SMO5) from the years 1953, 1972, and 1980; maps of the 3rd Military Survey (year 1936); and digital surface models (DSM) extracted, using the pixel correlation method, from aerial images (year 1953 and 2008). The most important results of the analysis are digital terrain models showing the evolution of the landscape which may be used for many purposes in landscape development analysis, historical applications, visualization or landscape reclamation. 相似文献
15.
Robert H. Bewley 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(104):273-292
Aerial photography for archaeology has been developing its approaches and techniques over the past 100 years so that it now integrates the results of reconnaissance with extensive interpretative and analytical surveys. This paper introduces the philosophy and approach of the English Heritage (EH) Aerial Survey team, covering aerial reconnaissance and the National Mapping Programme (NMP), as well as the potential developments and opportunities in Europe. In the 1980s there was a debate over the nature of the evidence derived from aerial photographs, especially how to describe archaeological features. As part of NMP a classification and recording system has been devised which meets most of the users' needs, be they national organisations, county archaeologists, commercial contractors or university-based researchers. The maps and records produced by NMP are used to further our understanding of the past human settlement in England, not only at the individual site level, but also in regional or landscape contexts. This paper provides an overview of the current progress of NMP and acts as an entrée for explaining the current research and recording of archaeological landscapes throughout Europe. Recent developments in Britain and Europe have provided the opportunity for a greater priority to be given to aerial survey and accelerating programmes of mapping. In Europe the ending of the cold war has allowed greater access to aerial photographs and the possibility of beginning new reconnaissance, as well as introducing new forms of remote sensing. All these developments have led to a transformation of our understanding of prehistoric, Roman and medieval archaeology. 相似文献
16.
In the present study, forest type classification using Landsat TM False Colour Composite (FCC) bands 2, 3, 4 has been evaluated for mapping highly heterogeneous forest environment of Western Ghats (Kerala). Visual interpretation of Landsat TM FCC has been carried out to identify bioclimatic vegetation types. For accuracy estimation maps prepared from 1∶15,000 scale black-and-white aerial photographs have been used as ground check data. For comparison aerial photomap classes have been aggregated to match with Landsat-TM-derived map. The classification accuracy of ten major bioclimatic and landcover types was estimated using systematic sampling procedure. The overall classification accuracy of the forest types for the study area was 88.33%. 相似文献
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Mahamaya Chattopadhyay R S Resmi A S Promodhlal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2002,30(3):143-147
Road transportation network development is a vital component of infrastructure development. Absence of database on roads of Trivandrum district was felt as a major hindrance in prioritizing improvement/development/repair of the roads for better traffic efficacy. High resolution PAN imagery (IRS-IC, September-December 1999, 1:25,000 scale) was visually interpreted to decipher road net work for preparing an elaborate database for Kerala Highway. The data were incorporated on 1:25,000 scale SOI base maps. Field verification was carried out to identify and categorize the PWD roads as per their administrative sections. Final maps were digitized in ARC/INFO environment. Information about terrain conditions was also generated using satellite remote sensing images and aerial photographs. Incorporating the height source and elevation data in the value field and taking mass points as input, a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) model of a sample area near Vellanad, 22 km east of Trivandrum city was created to analyse the terrain-road network interrelationship. Our case study involving draping of road network on TIN model as well as on geomorphology map established that this methodology could be used to define alternative and efficient route corridors, with particular emphasis on selection of the least-cost route and prioritization of repair. 相似文献
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High-data dimensionality is a common problem in hyperspectral data processing. Consequently, remote sensing techniques that reduce the number of bands are considered essential tools for most hyperspectral applications. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of the random forest ensemble to select the optimal subset of hyperspectral bands to predict the age of Pinus patula stands. Airborne AISA Eagle hyperspectral image data were collected over the study area. The random forest ensemble was used to test whether the forward or backward variable selection methods could identify the optimal subset of bands. Results indicate that both the selection methods produced high-predictive accuracies (root mean square error = 3.097 years). However, the backward variable selection method utilized 206 bands for the final model, while the forward variable selection utilized only a small subset of non-redundant bands (n = 9) while preserving the highest model accuracy (R 2 = 0.6). 相似文献