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1.
E. Sokari-George Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,22(1):93-98
Conclusion Urban and rural development arek inextricably related, that regional planning can play important roles as catalyst for agriculture
and rural development; and that a system of growth centres and/or agropolitan policy which can be important in achieving economic
growth with social equity, will be far more influential. Again if the National Planning Authority, Regional Planning Agency
and the policy of growth centre in the rural areas of the recommended regions is pursued, it will not only increase agricultural
productivity or a path to agricultural transformation for deleterious effects of migration to corporate farming but also could,
over time help to reduce the pressure on the urban areas by providing counter-magnets to migration and we envisage, will bring
about a national regional planning budget which should be operated on yearly basis. 相似文献
2.
The role of economic sectoral structure in regional growth and development is widely acknowledged. However, there has been scarce reflection on its role as a policy instrument, particularly for peripheral regions. In reaction, this paper investigates the role of economic sectoral structure as a policy instrument towards more resilient peripheral regions. Through a multiple country policy analysis, the paper determines to what degree economic sectoral structure is reflected in regional development policies of 18 countries with predominantly rural characteristics and lagging regions. Moreover, the role of economic sectoral structure towards more resilient regions is quantified and measured for a specific peripheral region case in South Africa as developing country exhibiting poor economic resilience. The paper highlights related variety as a key ingredient for a region to reach a state of dynamic stability between adaptation and adaptability towards enhanced long-term resilience capacity of the peripheral region. The research concludes that policy focus should support the maintenance of the sectors and industries of comparative advantage on the regional scale, but strongly focus on sectoral comparative advantage within the national scale (if present) to establish a more robust region. This will establish and strengthen the identified peripheral growth centres as centres of national competitiveness and specialisation. Primary policy actions as emanated from the literature and the multiple country policy analysis will promote more efficient sectoral composition as key towards more resilient peripheral regions. It is acknowledged that these policy actions must be informed by a detailed regional economic analysis for different peripheral regions to determine inherent and latent economic potential and link with interdependent industries. This paper will highlight that regional policy should become more explicit by exploiting the role of economic and natural resources as growth engines for the peripheral regional economy in a more effective way through a multi-centred territorial structure.
相似文献3.
沈阳地质矿产研究所建所50年是一个值得庆祝的日子.通过简要的历史回顾,提供了一个明晰的大区地质研究机构成长和发展过程,并结合对今后发展趋势的分析,提出建设性意见.认为沈阳地质调查中心必须做好自身建设,只有精兵加现代化的一流队伍,才能在主动实践国家战略和服务区域经济社会可持续发展中发挥重要作用,实现自身的高质量和快速发展. 相似文献
4.
我国城市化发展的新特点及其区域空间建设策略 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
经济全球化成为21世纪最具有广泛影响的事件，将促进全球城市化的高速发展。我国正处在城市化高度发展时期，城市化出现“集群式”发展、城乡二元结构扩大、“驱赶型城镇化”和城市化的区域空间差异性等新特点、新问题。我国快速城市化过程中出现的新矛盾、水土资源流失与大量占用，对沿海地区一些城市的区域环境产生了很多负面影响，诸如酸雨、城市污染、汽车烟雾和交通阻塞等。面对全球城市化的巨大影响与冲击，从区域空间角度出发，提出必须在科学发展观和构建和谐社会的指导下，使我国城市化走向健康之路，实施区域空间建设新策略，注重大城市群区内的保护与建设，因地制宜、合理利用、适度发展、构建区域性的生态安全格局，促进我国信息化的区域合作。 相似文献
5.
Dr. David King 《GeoJournal》1988,16(2):201-209
Most towns in Papua New Guinea are small and the hierarchy comprises many isolated outstations and small towns. As a response
to changes in economic policy the largest towns are growing rapidly at the expense of the small service centres. Changes in
the population structure of these large towns have resulted in high rates of natural increase, while rural urban migration
is steadily bringing in newcomers, to face urban unemployment and a lack of adequate housing. A secondary urban problem arises
from the colonial legacy of urban zoning, which exacerbates the housing shortage and has created artifical socioeconomic residential
areas. Although social differences are relatively small, the policy of economic growth will increase the gap between rich
and poor, while urban unemployment and lack of housing have reached a crisis level in the rapidly growing big towns. 相似文献
6.
A. C. Kalla 《GeoJournal》1992,26(1):69-73
Recently Mauritius has witnessed a rapid urbanization process. In such a small space, with a high population density and an improving economic situation — shifting from an agricultural-based to an industrial one — it is possible nowadays to distinguish the growth of major villages into well-structured urban centres. Contrary to the trend observed in some economically less developed countries (LDCs), health characteristics have veered mostly towards trends exhibited by economically more developed countries (MDCs). This paper will describe briefly the urbanization processes at work in Mauritius and will explore the changing health characteristics and provisions observed in such a small island state. It will try to lay the foundation for comparison with other small island states transcending the MDC/LDS divide. 相似文献
7.
Johan G. Borchert 《Geoforum》1975,6(3-4)
This article analyses the relationship between internal migration patterns and regional economic development in present-day Albania. Using demographic data migration figures were calculated for the period 1965–1971. These figures indicate that there is a Strong tendency for migration from the peripheral areas to the industrial triangle of Durrës-Tirana-Elbasan, and to the fertile farming area of the coastal lowlands which used to be malarial swamps. Present government policy however is directing growth away from the largest centres towards both the smaller centres and rural areas. Recent aims have been to achieve as even a spread of population and economic activity as possible. 相似文献
8.
Makki MS 《GeoJournal》1986,13(2):111-118
The aim of this paper 3s to study the development of population weights for regions and urban centres in Saudi Arabia through the period 1962–1974. In order to achieve this aim some non-parametric statistical rules have been used such as rank-size rule and the four-city index. The results show non-balanced distribution of population on both regional and urban scales. The concentration of people in urban centres is more pronounced than the concentration in regions. This is due to internal and external movement of population towards largesized urban centres. The paper recommends that the official authorities should give more consideration to economic and service development in rural and urban areas that are retreating in ranking and decreasing in population. 相似文献
9.
Ports are very visible manifestations of economic activity. Not only are they vital systems of infrastructure, indispensable to the smooth operations of international trade and, hence, the nation's well-being, but they can also serve as industrial complexes in their own right. They are, in effect, symbols of integrated growth centres enjoying both service and manufacturing sectors. Mindful of these critical attributes, planners have attempted to render them into positive elements of economic development, not excepting regional economic development. This study examines one such rendition, the port of Taichung, Taiwan, founded as a deliberate act of government to fulfil two objectives; namely, to facilitate the island's export-promotion strategy by avoiding trade disruption stemming from anticipated port bottlenecks and, secondly, to spearhead formal commitments to balanced regional growth. The approach adopted in this paper is essentially one of qualitative evaluation; that is to say, it examines the degree to which Taichung Harbour has conformed to the demanding expectations set for it. Serious structural limitations are elicited, limitations which have prevented the port from realizing its full potential. By the same token, the port's role in advancing balanced regional growth has also been disappointing. As the study shows, the latter result is almost inevitable given the exigencies exposed in the former. This paper concludes by stressing the need for clear formulation of growth-centre functions in conjunction with urging a determination on the part of planners to evade the trap of goal conflicts. 相似文献
10.
Urbanization and sustainable metropolitan development in China: Patterns, problems and prospects* 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The path of urbanization in the People's Republic of China is largely shaped by the nation's industrial development strategies.
In the first three decades of socialist construction, and especially after the Sino-Soviet rift at the end of the 1950s, the
adoption of strategies of self-reliance had led to urban biased patterns of development. The introduction of economic reforms
and the open door policy in 1978 paved the way for and facilitated national economic development. Two issues, which feature
significantly in the processes of development in China, are assessed. The first is the relationship between economic development
and the protection of arable land. The second is the quest for a coordinated hyper-development in both urban and rural areas.
This paper concludes by proposing a sustainable metropolitan development strategy that suits the case of China.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
R.C. Estall 《Geoforum》1983,14(2):133-147
Studies of economic development in the USA in the 1970s emphasized the strong growth of manufacturing in non-metropolitan areas and stressed the break implied with historical patterns of spatial concentration. Much of this growth took place, however, either in counties adjacent to existing metropolitan areas or in counties where existing urban centres were, as a consequence, raised to metropolitan size. Thus when new job growth is assessed on the basis of current definitions of SMSAs, the share of national manufacturing employment contained in metropolitan centres has increased. There has been no marked break with the historical pattern which has chiefly been one of growth of manufacturing employment at the metropolitan periphery. Important variations of experience occur, however, at the regional level and also according to the size of metropolitan areas. A study of the kinds of industry concerned in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan growth and in differential regional growth helps to explain the processes involved. The increasing role of ‘non-production’ workers in manufacturing also becomes a key feature here. 相似文献
12.
Privatization of rural industry and de facto urbanization from below in southern Jiangsu, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
At the heart of China’s economic transformation from plan to market is the institutional rearrangement of the ownership of property rights. Privatization of collectively owned township and village enterprises (TVEs) in recent years has significantly changed the rural economy and affected small town development in China. Located mainly in villages and small towns and producing 62% of the total industrial output in Jiangsu in 1994, TVEs played a crucial role in southern Jiangsu (Sunan)’s economic development and urbanization, giving rise to the well-known “Sunan model” of regional development during the 1980s. Since the mid-1990s, ownership transition (zhuanzhi) of the TVEs from collective to private in Sunan has altered the nature of the regional economy and the pattern of small town development. The privatization of TVEs in Sunan has been so pervasive that it can be seen as the “second industrial divide” in the region’s economy. This paper traces the evolution of ownership reform in Sunan’s rural industries leading to the current phase of privatization and analyzes the effects of privatization on de facto urbanization from below in Sunan. Given the importance of privatization, continuous scholarly monitoring of its relationship to regional economic development and urbanization from below is necessary. 相似文献
13.
K. H. Stone Dr. 《GeoJournal》1979,3(6):539-554
In the world of earlier scientists a frontier was an exciting concept, term and line. It is not quite so now. Presently frontiers are zones that are partially settled and with limited transportation. They vary in size but in total area and in location they present significant potentials for population growth absorption. From about 1900 to 1940 frontier development was international and intercontinental in scope; now it is primarily national or regional in scale. Currently about as much of the total area in world frontiers is in stability as in growth and there are considerable areas of decline. The present trend is toward more stability while urbanization is dominating; until these two really change only major military causes will produce notable variations in frontier use while individual national political policies will result in local geographical pulses of minor advances and retreats. Yet, there is much potential area for new food production and settling, the world is still largely in a growth syndrome, and there are alternatives that also should be considered. 相似文献
14.
随着国民经济的持续快速发展和城镇化进程的加快,建筑业作为国民经济的重要行业迎来了难得历史机遇,建筑设计行业作为建筑业的重要组成部分,发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着经济增长方式地转变和产业结构调整地不断深入,建筑设计行业来到了历史发展的关键点,如何落实科学发展观,实现行业发展健康、可持续并始终引领建筑业发展,应引行业从业人员地重视与思考。 相似文献
15.
József Tóth 《GeoJournal》1994,32(4):343-350
The last four decades have brought fundamental changes in Hungarian urbanization. The number of towns has increased from 54 to 166 and the number of settlements with a population over 100 000 has grown from 3 to 8, and the number of small towns with a population just over 30 000 has increased four times compared to the situation at the beginning of the century. While urban concentration has been growing, there has been a degradation of rural settlements, especially in the category of less than 500 inhabitants. This study deals with the spatial structure of Hungarian settlements, categorizing the towns according to their regional roles, population and dynamics of growth. The changes of their social and economic spheres influence their internal structures. The study attempts to summarize all the territorial, regional consequences of the recent social and economic changes that have been defining or modifying the urban development in Hungarian settlements. 相似文献
16.
17.
青藏高原东缘民族区域城镇可持续发展研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
青藏高原东缘区域,由于独特的地理环境和多元民族、经济结构的制约,民族宗教文化、民族贸易的超常亲合及资源开发、人居环境的改善是城镇发展的主要动力.低水平、小规模、职能分工不明确、空间分布差异大是城镇发展的主要特征.严酷封闭的地理环境、落后的社会经济发展状态和脆弱的生态环境是主要的障碍因素.因此选择"小规模、多中心、多层次、适当集中"的区域城镇化模式,强化城镇及区域特色产业,优化生态环境,营造城镇与区域协调发展的外部环境,培育中心城镇是城镇可持续发展的关键. 相似文献
18.
Roger C.K. Chan 《GeoJournal》1998,44(3):225-237
Cross-border zones have been developed rapidly in China since 1979. This was largely due to the global economic restructuring
in the post-Fordist era. The enclave of Hong Kong plays an indispensable role in the process. While China adopts the Open
Door Policy, factories in Hong Kong are quick to relocate to the Pearl River Delta region in order to benefit from the low
production costs and other preferential policies. The paper first reviews the factors leading to the economic integration
between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region of southern China. It then examines the sectoral changes and the socio-economic
data of the region. Rapid urbanization and rural urbanization are reflected in the quest for infrastructural development plans
and the loss of quality farmland. They also bring along environmental hazards. The paper concludes with the call for a comprehensive
development strategy for the region into the next century.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
环境地质研究进展与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
环境地质学与其他地质学科的最大区别是,把人类活动作为一种地质作用营力加以研究,这是前所未有的.面向国民经济、国家重大工程建设和城市化的快速兴起与发展,环境地质学科得到了迅速发展.关注气候变化、海岸带发展、城市化、地下水资源与地质环境的相互关系至关重要.要重视地质灾害形成发育的规律,特别是人类工程活动与自然地质作用相互关系的研究.地质灾害防治和群测群防,在今后一个相当长的时期内仍然是研究重点.持久地为社会、为公众、为政府服务,提高地质科学在环境保护中的作用与地位,提高公众对环境地质学的认知与认同,才能采取共同行动,为可持续发展做出贡献. 相似文献
20.
Dr. Jacob O. Maos 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):29-35
Conclusion Despite its uniqueness, the vitality inherent in the rural structure of Israel is of particular interest to other developing regions with a predominant rural-agricultural population. Latin American countries, for example, are investing considerable resources in the development of new lands through construction of penetration roads and other infrastructure. Several countries have created regional development authorities; some have policies designed to attract private investments into virgin areas.13) The general emphasis tends increasingly toward state-initiated and planned settlement, often in conjuction with agrarian reform programs — an approach dictated both by economic efficiency and welfare criteria.Past experience has shown that the rural population has to be organized in viable communities in order to become amenable to economic and cultural integration. Communities must likewise be spatially organized in an optimal way that will make it possible to provide them with amenities and so direct their production for the purpose of achieving economic status. At the same time, maximum flexibility must be preserved to fit varying developmental stages, since physical plans once carried into effect are extremely difficult to modify.In order to reduce the social and economic pull of existing urban centers it may be advisable to develop new settlement areas as self-sufficient enclaves, independent to some extent from the facilities existing in the region. The settlements would share the national infrastructure of communications and public services, but would gear their production to regional as well as extra-regional demand, bypassing the traditional local market place. Then, as the new communities consolidate as social and economic entities, the options for collaboration or competition with existing central places can be laid open on a more equitable basis.Admittedly such sheltered development may affect the role of the local intermediary and lessen the commercial activities of the urban sector, but it would also stimulate the development of an independent framework of handling, marketing, and an increasing degree of processing the settlements' produce. These complementary activities would help to retain part of the added value of the production and generate new sources of employment for successive village generations. The delay in the growth for the region's total output may well be worthwhile for achieving that social and economic transformation which in turn may lead to a more balance and sustained development of the entire region.14) 相似文献