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用OpenGL绘制物化探数据等值线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在Visual C 6．0环境下调用OpenGL库用网格法绘制标准物化探数据等值线，以图示形式给出数据集的二维和三维方式的等值线图，并给出相应的数字高程模型图，方便用户分析和理解数值分布情况。用线性内差法计算所有网格边上的等值点，横边上的等值点到前一个最近网格点的距离存放在二维数组X中，纵边上的等值点到下一个最近网格点的距离存放在二维数组Y中。调用自编的搜索函数在网格边上搜索等值线的线头，用追踪函数对这个线头所在线上的点进行追踪，并把追踪到的等值点的坐标按顺序存放在二维数组DW中，用OpenGL中绘制Bezier曲线的方法分段连接DW数组中的等值点，并按颜色从红到蓝递变的顺序在屏幕上绘制等值线。 相似文献
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针对数值流形方法特有的覆盖剖分方式,提出了一种模拟岩土工程中开挖过程的算法。该算法采取某种措施,在覆盖剖分过程中将开挖面视为特殊的不连续面,这种不连续面将其所在的数学网格剖分成不同的流形单元,但却不对所在的数学覆盖作剖分。这样,开挖面两侧虽分属不同的流形单元,但开挖面两侧同一数学网格内的流形单元却具有相同的物理覆盖。采用该算法,无需对开挖面处的单元进行特殊处理,可在整个分析域采用统一的网格形式;同时,打破了原有数值流形方法的限制,将开挖面的位置完全当作连续介质来处理,避免了因将其视为不连续面而产生的误差。验证了算法的可靠性后,将其应用于某假想隧道的开挖模拟,计算结果表明该算法具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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随着三维地质建模与商用数值模拟软件的发展,数值模拟得到了广泛的应用,但是通过现有商用软件前处理模块进行地质建模往往很难控制模型数据,Matlab为基于矩阵计算的算法开发与数据管理软件,可根据需要进行相应的程序开发。本文通过将控制点坐标作为插值点插值计算实现地面及地层坐标矩阵形式的网格化,相邻网格节点构成四棱柱体,通过循环判断确定每一竖列单元中滑面的位置,按照本文推导的一系列计算公式得出单元的体积、重度、单元底面积等参数。本方法可以建立基于四棱柱单元的标准化网格地质模型,方便修改网格大小及单元数据,为后处理程序提供所需模型数据。 相似文献
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水文要素等值线图的自动绘制方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
降雨量、地下水位等水文要素常常需要用等值线图来直观地反应。介绍了反距离加权插值算法和三角网格的等值线追踪方法，并用面向对象的C 编程语言封装为TContour类。应用结果表明，TContour类的插值和追踪方法快速高效，算法描述简洁且易于维护升级，可广泛应用于水文要素等值线图的计算机自动绘制，同时大大方便了软件系统的系统集成。 相似文献
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根据流沙河流域3个雨量站1994~2011年汛期的实测月降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、5年滑动平均及Mann-Kendall趋势分析等方法,分析了流沙河流域近20 a的汛期降水特征及变化趋势。结果表明:流沙河流域内汛期降水量各月分布不均匀,降水主要集中在7~8月,7、8月份降水量呈上升趋势,其他各月呈下降趋势,但汛期降水量总体呈下降趋势,趋势不显著。 相似文献
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作物需水量是水资源循环与水分消耗的主要形式,也是资源分配与评价的主要依据.参考作物需水量(ETo)是其中的一个核心部分.目前国内外研究仅关注ETo计算方法及等值线图绘制,并多以传统的线性插值方法进行手工绘制或计算机绘制.而关于大区域非规则采样ETo最优等值线图绘制方法尚少见报道.ETo主要受区域性蒸发面的液体扩散及其向上空的气体紊流的空气动力学作用即环境条件影响,主要与气象和地理条件有关,具有区域性变量的特征.本研究以内蒙古自治区复杂气候条件和地理环境下绘制牧草ETo区域性空间变异规律和最优等值线图为目标,采用了地质统计学方法并探讨Kriging最优无偏估计方法用于大区域非规则采样条件下区域信息估计的途径.根据118万km2面积内135个非规则分布气象站30年气象资料,通过对非规则采样信息的正则化处理,在传统最优内插估计方法基础上,进行了误差控制下的适当外推,构成了内插与外推的合理结合.在提供资源估值的同时还可提供估值误差б2k.对大区域非规则网格等值线图绘制提供了科学有效的方法. 相似文献
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林振民 《物探化探计算技术》1981,(4)
在使用计算机绘制等值线图时,通常先把自由分布的数据内插到矩形网格点上(这个步骤称为网格化),然后再绘制等值线。关于数据的网格化问题,不少文献已经介绍了多种方法,这里不再赘述。这里主要探讨根据矩形网格点上的数据绘制等值线的问题。关于这一问题,目前已有一些方法被广泛地采用。但笔者在使用一种小型计算机(王2200T型)绘制等值线图时,感到传统的方法虽然对快速计算机来说是很完善的,却不能适应慢速度的计算机的特点。面对着这种慢速度的计算 相似文献
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一种地形指数计算方法在Topmodel洪水模拟计算中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
介绍了Topmodel的基本理论，提出一种简单的地形指数ln(α/tanβ)计算方法，该方法分别提取数字高程模型(DEM)网格单元的α和tanβ，对坡度为0的网格单元进行专门处理，然后计算每一个网格单元的ln(α/tanβ)。以沿渡河流域为例，将计算的地形指数用于Topmodel进行洪水模拟计算，得到了比较满意的结果。 相似文献
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TANG Congguo LIU Congqiang 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):284-289
Surface runoff in the Wujiang River watershed was simulated by a GIS-based method using precipitation, hydrology data, and land-use data. The volume of surface runoff is chiefly controlled by climates, topographical characteristics and types of land use at the watershed. Five subwatersheds that can represent the whole watershed were chosen and their average annual precipitation, average annual surface runoff and current land use were calculated respectively in the grid model of the Wujiang River watershed based on the climate and hydrology data from 1965 to 2000 and the land-use data acquired in the year of 2000. Surface runoff is assumed to be a function of precipitation and land use and the multiple regression tool is used to determine the relationship between surface runoff, precipitation and present land use. Thus, the rainfall-runoff model for each land-use type has been established. When calibrating these models, the results show that the percent errors are all below 7%, which indicates that the accuracy of this simulation is high. 相似文献
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Kuo-Chin Hsu Hsin-Fu Yeh You-Cheng Chen Cheng-Haw Lee Chung-Ho Wang Feng-Sheng Chiu 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(3):499-517
The sustainable use of groundwater has become increasingly challenging due to extreme hydrological events and anthropogenic activity. In this study, the basin-scale groundwater response to precipitation variation was analyzed using an integrated model that comprises lumped models for land and river recharges and a distributed model for groundwater. The integrated model was applied to the Chih-Ben watershed, Taiwan, using 20?years (1988?C2007) of data. The hydrological data were analyzed for trends using statistical tests. Based on decreasing trends in precipitation and groundwater levels and an increasing trend in stream flow, the oblique-cut method was applied to precipitation and excess infiltration to assess land and streambed recharge. Distributed numerical groundwater modeling was used to simulate the basin-scale groundwater responses to precipitation variation and anthropogenic pumping. The model was calibrated using stable-isotope and groundwater-level data. The safe yields were estimated for the Chih-Ben watershed for dry, wet, and normal precipitation scenarios. The safe yield of groundwater was shown to vary with precipitation, which does not guarantee the sustainable use of groundwater resources. Instead, water resources should be assessed at a basin scale, taking into account the whole ecosystem, rather than only considering water for human consumption in the alluvium. 相似文献
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We studied the effects of evaporation and groundwater flow on the formation of salt minerals in the Sabkha of Oum El Khialate in South East Tunisia, which contains large amounts of sulfate sodium mineral deposits. Due to the fact that there are no important surface water bodies present in this sabkha, transport of solutes is dominated by advection rather than mixing in lakes. For our study we used both analytical conservative and numerical reactive transport models. Results showed that salinity varies with distance and may reach very high levels near a watershed where the groundwater flux is zero. As a consequence, reactive transport simulations results showed that more minerals precipitate and water activity decreases values near this watershed. Model results also showed that a sequence of precipitating minerals could be deduced after 140,000 years. From the boundary of the sabkha towards the watershed the mineral sequence was dolomite, gypsum, magnesite, bloedite, halite and mirabilite. It was found that the amounts as well as the mineral precipitation distribution strongly depend on salinity and rates of inflowing water. 相似文献
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冻土覆盖率高的小流域的径流形成受温度因素控制明显,普通水文模型不适用,而常规冻土水文模型因需要较多的气象观测要素而难以应用。考虑冻土流域产流机制,利用青藏高原腹地风火山小流域2017—2018年逐日降水、气温、径流观测数据,以降水、气温为输入,径流为输出,基于长短期记忆神经网络（LSTM）建立了适用于小流域尺度的冻土水文模型,并利用2019年观测数据进行验证。模型得益于LSTM特殊的细胞状态和门结构能够学习、反映活动层冻融过程和土壤含水量变化,具有一定的冻土水文学意义,能很好地模拟冻土区径流过程。模型训练期R2、NSE均为0.93,RMSE为0.63 m3·s-1,验证期R2、NSE分别为0.81、0.77,RMSE为0.69 m3·s-1。同时,为了验证模型可靠性,将模型应用于邻近的沱沱河流域,模型训练期（1990—2009年）R2、NSE均为0.73,验证期（2010—2019年）R2、NSE分别为0.66、0.64,模拟结果较好。考虑到未来气候变化,通过模型对风火山流域径流进行了预测：降水每增加10%,年径流增加约12%;气温每升高0.5 ℃,年径流增加约1%;春季融化期、秋季冻结期径流增幅明显,而由于蒸发加剧、活动层加深,径流在8月出现了减少。模型经训练后依靠降水、气温作为输入能较好地模拟、预测青藏高原冻土区小流域径流,为缺少土壤温度、水分等观测数据的冻土小流域径流研究提供了一种简单有效并具有一定物理意义的方法。 相似文献
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针对中国以往的流域分区方法主观性较强,尤其是对水污染控制单元的划分方法不统一,划分依据不充分等特点,提出了"流域-控制区-控制单元"三级分区体系,采取定性和定量分析相结合的方法进行流域水污染控制分区研究,重点在控制单元层面构建了层次分析模型,以区县为单元基于汇水特征、城镇布局、工业布局和农业布局4个因素进行评分比较,筛选区县主导排污去向,作为将其划入某一或某几个控制单元的依据。以松花江流域为例,将松花江流域划为三大控制区,33个控制单元,其中莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗在内的10个区县被拆分到两个或两个以上的单元,基于流域自然汇水特征,且充分体现流域水污染防治重点和方向,重点落实地方政府治污目标、责任和任务,为中国流域水污染防治规划的科学制定与实施提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Evaluation of correlations between precipitation, groundwater fluctuations, and lake level fluctuations using spectral methods (Wisconsin, USA) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Spectral methods and 2 years of daily data were used to estimate the phase lag between precipitation and groundwater-level response, and two decades of quarterly data were used to analyze the interaction between precipitation, lake levels and groundwater in the Trout Lake watershed located in Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA. The phase-lag function between precipitation and groundwater response is used to estimate recharge travel time. The recharge travel time and precipitation–groundwater–lake interactions have been traditionally studied using time-domain methods such as physically-based modeling. In this article, the innovative and efficient use of spectral methods is demonstrated to uncover the time scales that are significant in those interactions and estimate the recharge travel time, which is extracted from the underlying daily time series data. The results consistently show that precipitation leads groundwater-level response by up to 5 days in all cases. The effects of precipitation on lake and groundwater levels display strong similarities. Both the precipitation–lake level and the precipitation–groundwater level coherency functions show significant peaks at interannual and seasonal frequencies. The groundwater level–lake level coherency function shows a significant, broad peak at interannual frequencies, and no significant peak at seasonal frequencies, demonstrating the predominance of annual and lower frequencies in groundwater–lake interaction. 相似文献
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概念性水文模型数量众多,判断模型是否适合研究流域可以通过模拟结果来体现,但是熟悉流域的产汇流特性可以筛选模型,从根源上大量减少工作量,也可以解决相似流域无资料的问题。选取6种概念性水文模型,以马渡王、板桥和志丹这3个半湿润与半干旱流域为研究区域,探讨流域特性与模型结构之间的关系,并通过降雨和地形地貌分析其对模型模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明,流域地形及植被对产汇流过程有重要影响,由于局部产流现象严重,河道坡度影响大于流域平均坡度,当区域气候条件相差不大时,地形地貌比降雨对流域产汇流特性影响更大。因此对于水文模型的选择,可以在熟悉流域产汇流特性的基础上因地制宜,必要时可以增加适合研究流域的模块来获得更好的预报,在半干旱与半湿润流域,同时具有蓄满和超渗机制的模型能得到更好的应用。 相似文献