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1.
Rare-earth element abundances of calc-alkaline andesitic rocks from southern Peru show that these rocks cannot be produceed by a single stage process. The high content of LILE, particularly LREE requires their derivation from a source already enriched in these elements and having a distinctly fractionated REE pattern. It is suggested that ascending hydrous fluids, released from the subducted oceanic lithosphere, enriched the upper mantle in LILE by zone refining. The partial melting of such an enriched upper mantle, followed by fractional crystallization, could produce andesitic rocks. REE data indicate that shoshonitic rocks from southern Peru can be derived from an unfractionated garnet-bearing peridotite by a low degree of partial melting. 相似文献
2.
The two most commonly invoked processes for generating plagiogranites in mid-ocean ridge environments are extended fractional crystallization of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magma and “hydration melting” of hot, dry MOR gabbro initiated by the influx of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids within localized zones of shear. Brophy (Contrib Mineral Petrol 158:99–111, 2009) has proposed on theoretical grounds that, for liquids greater than ~62 wt. % SiO2, hydration melting should yield, among other features, a negative correlation between rare earth element (REE) abundances and increasing SiO2, while fractional crystallization should yield a positive correlation. If correct, the REE–SiO2 systematics of natural systems might be used to distinguish between the two processes. The Ordovician Fournier oceanic fragment, New Brunswick, Canada, contains MOR gabbro-hosted plagiogranite veins and dikes that are believed to have formed from hydration melting, thus forming an appropriate location for field verification of the proposed REE–SiO2 systematics for such a process. In addition to a negative correlation between liquid SiO2 and REE abundance for liquids in excess of ~62% SiO2, other important model features include the following: (1) relative to a gabbro source rock, the degree of enrichment at liquids of 62 and 75% SiO2 decreases from the LREE to the HREE; (2) the degree of enrichment at 75% SiO2 approaches 1 for the HREE; (3) the rate of change of the degree of enrichment with increasing liquid SiO2 (i.e., the slope) diminishes from the LREE to the HREE. All of these predicted features are observed in the Fournier plagiogranites. Assuming an initial source rock equivalent to the host gabbro, an additional strongly LREE-enriched component must be added prior to melting in order to make the absolute REE abundances agree with the model values. The most likely candidates are the very seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids that triggered hydration melting in the first place. 相似文献
3.
A sequence of amphibolite to granulite facies metasedimentary and mafic metaigneous rocks from the western Italian Alps has been analysed for rare earth elements (REE). In this sequence, the metasedimentary granulites have probably been affected by a melting event while the metaigneous granulites remained unaffected. Metasedimentary granulites have a less fractionated chondrite-normalized REE pattern than equivalent amphibolite facies rocks. The granulites tend to have a higher content of heavy REE and lower abundances of light REE (LREE). The leucosomes of migmatitic granulites have lower REE content than the melanocratic bands and both these rock types have variable relative abundances of Eu. The mafic granulites have LREE enriched patterns while the amphibolites are slightly depleted in LREE. The differences between the mafic granulites and amphibolites are probably of pre-metamorphic origin. 相似文献
4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):961-975
Results of research on the geological, petrochemical, and isotopic-geochronological charac- teristics of plagiogranites from the Chelyuskin ophiolitic belt, on the northern part of East Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, are presented. Petro-geochemical features and REE distributions for this tonalite-trondhjemite series resemble those of plagiogranites from different ophiolitic complexes. The plagiogranites considered here belong to the low-potassium series of ophiolitic mafics—gabbro, gabbro-dolerite dikes, and basalts. Their spatial relationships; low K2O, Rb, Nb, Ta, U., and Th contents; similar REE patterns; and tonalite and trondhjemite Nd- and Sm-Nd- isotopic ratios typical of mafic rocks confirm the cogenetic nature of these rocks. Zircon U-Pb dating and an Sm-Nd isotopic study suggest a Late Riphean age for the plagiogranites. We regard the 740 ± 38 Ma age as the upper age boundary for the formation of the Chelyuskin ophiolitic belt, and Sm-Nd model ages (850–785 Ma) as its lower boundary. Tonalite-trond-hjemite series could be formed as a result of partial melting of previously formed oceanic crust in a back-arc environment, in association with minor portions of the sediments of the ancient arc. 相似文献
5.
REE distributions of an unusual suite of mantle-derived amphibole/apatite rich xenoliths have very steep, LREE-enriched chondrite-normalised patterns with no Eu anomalies. These are closely analogous to REE distributions of carbonatitic and kimberlitic rocks. A wide range in absolute abundances of REE reflects the varied mineral assemblages of this xenolith suite and, together with other trace element and volatile concentrations, supports an origin by fractionation of, or separation from, a volatile-charged LIL-enriched (possibly kimberlitic/carbonatitic) magma. Such a magma could be a medium for volatile transfer, addition of Ti, V, K and P, and LREE enrichment within the upper mantle. It is postulated that such metasomatism in the upper mantle is a necessary precursor to continental alkaline volcanism.Geochemical modelling based on REE suggests that a pyrolite source +0.35% apatite (total of 0.5% apatite), with amphibole accounting for all K2O, can yield basanitic liquids with approximately 1–10% partial melting if the source is LREE-enriched (La about 20 times chondrite and Yb about 4.5–5 times chondrite).REE and trace element contents of the host rocks indicate that little exchange of these elements has occurred between xenolith and host magma during transport and emplacement. 相似文献
6.
LI Yingjie WANG Jinfang WANG Genhou DONG Peipei LI Hongyang HU Xiaojia 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):568-585
In this study, plagiogranites in the Diyanmiao ophiolite of the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(Altaids) were investigated for the first time. The plagiogranites are composed predominantly of albite and quartz, and occur as irregular intrusive veins in pillow basalts. The plagiogranites have high SiO_2(74.37–76.68 wt%) and low Al_2O_3(11.99–13.30 wt%), and intensively high Na_2O(4.52–5.49 wt%) and low K_2O(0.03–0.40 wt%) resulting in high Na_2O/K_2O ratios(11.3–183). These rocks are classified as part of the low-K tholeiitic series. The plagiogranites have low total rare earth element contents(∑REE)(23.62–39.77 ppm), small negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.44–0.62), and flat to slightly LREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns((La/Yb)N=0.68–0.76), similar to N-MORB. The plagiogranites are also characterized by Th, U, Zr, and Hf enrichment, and Nb, P, and Ti depletion, have overall flat primitivemantle-normalized trace element patterns. Field and petrological observations and geochemical data suggest that the plagiogranites in the Diyanmiao ophiolite are similar to fractionation-type plagiogranites. Furthermore, the REE patterns of the plagiogranites are similar to those of the gabbros and pillow basalts in the ophiolite. In plots of SREE–SiO_2, La–SiO_2, and Yb–SiO_2, the plagiogranites, pillow basalts, and gabbros show trends typical of crystal fractionation. As such, the plagiogranites are oceanic in origin, formed by crystal fractionation from basaltic magmas derived from depleted mantle, and are part of the Diyanmiao ophiolite. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of zircons from the plagiogranites yielded ages of 328.6±2.1 and 327.1±2.1 Ma, indicating an early Carboniferous age for the Diyanmiao ophiolite. These results provide petrological and geochronological evidence for the identification of the Erenhot–Hegenshan oceanic basin and Hegenshan suture of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. 相似文献
7.
Geochemistry and origin of massif-type anorthosites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Samples of Proterozoic anorthosite complexes from the Adirondack Mountains of New York, Burwash Area of Ontario, and the Nain Complex of Labrador, ranging in composition from anorthosite to anorthositic gabbro, have been analyzed for major elements, Rb, Sr, Ba and nine rare-earth elements (REE), in order to set limits on the compositions and origins of their parent magmas. Similar rock types from the different areas have similar major and trace element compositions. The anorthosites have high Sr/Ba ratios, low REE abundances (Ce about 10, Yb about 0.5–1.5 times chondrites) and large positive Eu anomalies. The associated anorthositic gabbros have lower Sr/Ba ratios, REE abundances nearly an order of magnitude higher than the anorthosites, and small to negligible positive Eu anomalies.Model calculations using the adcumulate rocks with the lowest REE abundances and published distribution coefficients yield parent liquids having REE abundances and patterns similar to those of the associated anorthositic gabbros with the highest REE abundances. Rocks with intermediate REE abundances are the result of incorporation of a liquid component by a plagioclase-rich cumulate similar to the adcumulate samples. The analytical data and model calculations both suggest parent liquids having compositions of 50–54% SiO2, greater than 20% Al2O3, about 1% K2O, atomic Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios (Mg No.'s) of less than 0.4, 15–30 ppm Rb, 400–600 ppm Sr and 400–600 ppm Ba, 40–50 times chondrites for Ce and 8–10 times chondrites for Yb.The low atomic Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) values for these rocks combined with geophysical evidence suggesting there are not large quantities of ferromagnesian material at depth, indicate that the anorthositic masses are not products of fractional crystallization of mafic melt derived from melting of the mantle. Rather, it is suggested that they are a result of partial melting of tholeiitic compositions at depths shallower than the basalt-eclogite transformation, leaving a pyroxene-dominated residue. 相似文献
8.
The Neoproterozoic Wadi Ranga metavolcanic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence of low-K submarine tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. The mafic volcanic rocks are represented by massive and pillow flows and agglomerates, composed of porphyritic and aphyric basalts and basaltic andesites that are mostly amygdaloidal. The felsic volcanic rocks embrace porphyritic dacites and rhyolites and tuffs, which overlie the mafic volcanic rocks. The geochemical characteristics of Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks, especially a strong Nb depletion, indicate that they were formed from subduction-related melts. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts of basalts are more akin to those crystallizing from island-arc tholeiitic magmas. The tholeiitic nature of the Wadi Ranga volcanics as well as their LREE-depleted or nearly flat REE patterns and their low K2O contents suggest that they were developed in an immature island arc setting. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios (with the lowest ratio reported for any arc rocks) and low Nb/Yb ratios indicate that the mantle source of the Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks was more depleted than N-MORB-source mantle. Subduction signature was dominated by aqueous fluids derived from slab dehydration, whereas the role of subducted sediments in mantle-wedge metasomatization was subordinate, implying that the subduction system was sediment-starved and far from continental clastic input. The amount of slab-derived fluids was enough to produce hydrous magmas that follow the tholeiitic but not the calc-alkaline differentiation trend. With Mg# > 64, few samples of Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks are similar to primitive arc magmas, whereas the other samples have clearly experienced considerable fractional crystallization.The low abundances of trace elements, together with low K2O contents of the felsic metavolcanic rocks indicate that they were erupted in a primitive island arc setting. The felsic volcanic rocks are characterized by lower K/Rb ratios compared to the mafic volcanic rocks, higher trace element abundances (~ 2 to ~ 9 times basalt) on primitive arc basalt-normalized pattern and nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display a negative Eu anomaly. These features are largely consistent with fractional crystallization model for the origin of the felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, SiO2-REE variations for the Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks display steadily increasing LREE over the entire mafic to felsic range and enriched La abundances in the felsic lavas relative to the most mafic lavas, features which are consistent with production of the felsic volcanic rocks through fractional crystallization of basaltic melts. The relatively large volume of Wadi Ranga silicic volcanic rocks implies that significant volume of silicic magmas can be generated in immature island arcs by fractional crystallization and indicates the significant role of intra-oceanic arcs in the production of Neoproterozoic continental crust. We emphasize that the geochemical characteristics of these rocks such as their low LILE and nearly flat REE patterns can successfully discriminate them from other Egyptian Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, which have higher LILE, Zr and Nb and fractionated REE patterns. 相似文献
9.
Major element compositions and rare-earth element (REE) and transition element(Ni,Cr and V) abundances have been determined on 44 basalt samples from eastern China.These basalts have SiO2 contents ranging from 38.63 to 55.24(wt.%),and Na2O K2O from 3.1 to 9.4(wt.%).Ni and Cr abundances are largely variable,respectively falling in ranges 60-605 and 78-1150 ppm.REE abundances,especially light rare-earth elements(LREE), are highly variable.La/Sm and La/Yb ratios vary 2.8 to 7.6 and 1.8 to 8.1. Although the segregation mainly of olivine and clinopyroxene is requested to account for the vari-able and low MgO,CaO/Al2O3,Cr and Ni characteristic of these basalts studied here,the differ-ences in REE composition of the basalts are still related mainly to the partial melting process.Obvious varations in REE abundances could be principally attributed to the partial melting process.Obvious variations in REE abundances could be principally attributed to the partial melting processes that took place at different depths,in spite of some variations caused by the fractional crystallization processes.REE abundances and La/Sm and La/Yb ratios systematically decrease with increasing SiO2,which probably indicated that the basaltic magma derived from a deeper level has higher LREE and LREE/HREE ratios than that from a shallower level.As viewed from the fact that the D^Yb/D^La ratios of clinopyroxenes in the basaltic system increase with increasing pressure,the increase of LREE/HUEE ratios with increasing melting depth can be interpreted as the pressure dependence of bulk D^HREE/D^LREE ratios of silicate minerals,in addition to the pressure control over the melting degree. 相似文献
10.
John K. Zachariah V. Rajamani Gilbert N. Hanson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,129(1):87-104
The N–S trending, 2–4 km wide Ramagiri schist belt is made up of three blocks dominated by metavolcanic rocks, separated
and surrounded by granitic rocks of distinct characteristics. The metavolcanic rocks are tholeiitic in composition and are
very similar in their major element composition as well as in their abundances of some trace elements. However, the rare earth
elements (REE) require distinct sources. The rocks of the amphibolite facies eastern block have LREE depleted REE patterns
([Ce/Yb] = 0.7–0.9), requiring derivation from depleted mantle-like sources. The greenschist facies metatholeiitic rocks of
the central block have LREE enriched REE patterns ([Ce/Yb] = 3–6), reflecting the nature of their source(s). The Nd isotopic
data require that the LREE enriched nature could not have been attained significantly prior to its melting. The fine-grained,
upper greenschist facies metatholeiites of the western block have flat to slightly LREE depleted patterns ([Ce/Yb] = 0.8–0.95).
Minor fractional crystallization of rock forming minerals may relate a few samples to each other among samples from each of
the three blocks. Different extents of partial melting of distinct mantle sources have played a dominant role in the generation
of the parent magmas to the central versus eastern and western block metatholeiites.
The geochemical data suggest that the mantle sources were non-lherzolitic, and that these sources may have seen previous episodes
of melt addition and extraction prior to melting that gave rise to the parent melts to the rocks ∼2750 Ma ago. The REE data
indicate that while the sources of the eastern and western block rocks were similar to depleted mantle (ɛNd(
i
) about +2), the source of the central block rocks (ɛNd(
i
) about +3.5) were enriched in large ion lithophile element (LILE)-rich fluids/melts probably derived from subducting oceanic
crust. This and other trace element signatures point to magma extraction in tectonic settings similar to modern island arcs.
Subsequent to magma emplacement and crystallization, all the three suites of rocks were affected by interaction with low-temperature,
crustal derived fluids (ɛNd 2750Ma of about −8 to −12), probably during the accretion of the three blocks of the belt in the present form. The inferred source
characteristics, tectonic setting of magma generation and the crustal fluid processes seem to suggest that Phanerozoic-style
tectonic processes may have been important in the generation of Archean crust in the Dharwar craton.
Received: 31 July 1995 / Accepted: 12 May 1997 相似文献
11.
The formation of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-rich melts within the deep oceanic crust by hydrous partial melting of gabbros 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Juergen Koepke Jasper Berndt Sandrin T. Feig Francois Holtz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(1):67-84
Small amounts of felsic, evolved plutonic rocks, often called oceanic plagiogranites, always occur as veins or small stocks within the gabbroic section of the oceanic crust. Four major models are under debate to explain the formation of these rocks: (1) late-stage differentiation of a parental MORB melt, (2) partial melting of gabbroic rocks, (3) immiscibility in an evolved tholeiitic liquid, and (4) assimilation and partial melting of previously altered dikes. Recent experimental data in hydrous MORB-type systems are used to evaluate the petrogenesis of oceanic plagiogranites within the deep oceanic crust. Experiments show that TiO2 is a key parameter for the discrimination between different processes: TiO2 is relatively low in melts generated by anatexis of gabbros which is a consequence of the low TiO2 contents of the protolith, due to the depleted nature of typical cumulate gabbros formed in the oceanic crust. On the other hand, TiO2 is relatively high in those melts generated by MORB differentiation or liquid immiscibility. Since the TiO2 content of many oceanic plagiogranites is far below that expected in case of a generation by simple MORB differentiation or immiscibility, these rocks may be regarded as products of anatexis. This may indicate that partial melting processes triggered by water-rich fluids are more common in the deep oceanic crust than believed up to now. At slow-spreading ridges, seawater may be transported via high-temperature shear zones deeply into the crust and thus made available for melting processes. 相似文献
12.
Archean granulite gneisses from eastern Hebei Province,China: rare earth geochemistry and tectonic implications 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
The granulite gneisses and their retrograded products of the Qianxi Group from eastern Hebei Province, China, have been investigated for their isotope and trace element geochemistry. A consistent age of about 2.5 AE has been obtained by the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron methods, in agreement with the zircon U-Pb data (Pidgeon 1980; D.Y. Liu, unpubl.). Geochemical arguments from initial isotopic ratios (ISr and INd) and elemental distribution patterns have led us to conclude that this age of about 2.5 AE represents the time of granulite facies metamorphism, which must have followed closely the primary emplacement of their protoliths. Previous claims for early Archean ages (>3.5 AE) of these granulites are not substantiated. The mineral isotope systematics register an important thermal event at about 1.7 AE, roughly corresponding to the time of the widespread Luliang Orogeny (Ma and Wu 1981) or Chungtiao Movement (Huang 1978).The granulites of the Qianxi Group have diverse compositions ranging from ultrabasic through basic-intermediate to acid. Discriminant function calculations suggest that most analyzed samples have igneous parentage. Only a few show characteristics of metasedimentary rocks. The igneous protoliths apparently belong to two series — tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, with the latter dominating in abundance. The majority of the acid granulites have compositions corresponding to tonalite-granodiorite.Except for ultrabasic and metasedimentary rocks, all REE patterns are significantly fractionated with LREE enrichment. The degree of fractionation, as measured by the (La/Yb)N ratios, is most important in the acid granulites. These rocks often show positive Eu anomalies and HREE depletions that are typical of Archean TTG rocks (tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite).The existence of komatiites has been previously reported in this region. Although a few rocks have a major element chemistry similar to that for peridotitic komatiites, the lack of associated members in a komatiitic series and the scarcity of REE data have not confirmed the true komatiite occurrence in this region.Many Qianxi granulites are highly depleted in Rb relative to K and Sr. This preferential Rb depletion during granulite facies metamorphism has led to very high K/Rb and very low Rb/Sr ratios. The most comparable case is found in Lewisian granulites.Although the fractionated REE patterns of the basic granulites somewhat resemble those of continental flood basalts, the highly different abundances in other incompatible elements (Ti, Zr, and Ba) readily distinguish them from each other. Nevertheless, the LREE enriched patterns of the basic granulites may suggest an origin of their protoliths by partial melting of LREE-enriched mantle sources. On the other hand, the REE patterns of acid granulites suggest that their protoliths could be derived by partial melting of quartz eclogite, amphibolite or basic granulite.The close time relationship for a series of geologic events, namely, from initial melting of mantle peridotites, through fractional crystallisation of basaltic magmas, to granulite facies metamorphism, seems to occur in many granulite terrains. This relationship, together with the juxtaposition of lithologies of different origins and the exceptionally high pressure conditions (>10 Kb) can be best explained by crustal underplating combined with intracrustal thin-skinned thrusting and stacking of crustal slices. The andesitic or island arc model for the formation of the lower continental crust is not in good agreement with the present geochemical data. 相似文献
13.
The mobility of the rare earth elements: Evidence and implications from selected terrains affected by burial metamorphism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phillip L. Hellman Raymond E. Smith Paul Henderson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,71(1):23-44
The mobility of the rare earth element (REE) during hydrous burial metamorphism is described from three localities. Comparison of REE abundances in relict domains and metadomains from flood lavas in the Maddina Volcanics, Fortescue Group, Western Australia shows that, relative to the relict domains, REE may be strongly depleted in certain metadomains. Strong variations in La/Yb, La/Sm and Eu may also occur due to postcrystallization secondary processes. Similar comparisons in flood lavas from Mamainse Point in the Canadian Keweenawan Series show that REE are mobile and increase in abundance in metadomains. Spilites from U.S. Virgin Islands also show evidence for REE mobility during low grade burial metamorphism. In this case light REE (LREE) have been preferentially mobilized with heavy REE (HREE) remaining parallel or sub-parallel on chondrite normalized plots.REE analyses from these locations together with an evaluation of published work suggests that the mobility of REE can be described by: 1. gross REE and selective LREE enrichment; 2. REE movement around a primary mean; 3. gross REE depletion; 4. selective REE mobility. Failure to take into account REE mobility may lead to incorrect conclusions concerning petrogenetic models based on altered basic sequences. The coherence of REE with other key trace elements during alteration is also discussed. 相似文献
14.
Constraints on the Trace Element Composition of the Archean Mantle Root beneath Somerset Island, Arctic Canada 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
Peridotites that sample Archean mantle roots are frequentlyincompatible trace element enriched despite their refractorymajor element compositions. To constrain the trace element budgetof the lithosphere beneath the Canadian craton, trace elementand rare earth element (REE) abundances were determined fora suite of garnet peridotites and garnet pyroxenites from theNikos kimberlite pipe on Somerset Island, Canadian Arctic, theirconstituent garnet and clinopyroxene, and the host kimberlite.These refractory mantle xenoliths are depleted in fusible majorelements, but enriched in incompatible trace elements, suchas large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Th, U and light rareearth elements (LREE). Mass balance calculations based on modalabundances of clinopyroxene and garnet and their respectiveREE contents yield discrepancies between calculated and analyzedREE contents for the Nikos bulk rocks that amount to LREE deficienciesof 70–99%, suggesting the presence of small amounts ofinterstitial kimberlite liquid (0·4–2 wt %) toaccount for the excess LREE abundances. These results indicatethat the peridotites had in fact depleted or flat LREE patternsbefore contamination by their host kimberlite. LREE and Sr enrichmentin clinopyroxene and low Zr and Sr abundances in garnet in low-temperatureperidotites (800–1100°C) compared with high-temperatureperidotites (1200–1400°C) suggest that the shallowlithosphere is geochemically distinct from the deep lithospherebeneath the northern margin of the Canadian craton. The Somersetmantle root appears to be characterized by a depth zonationthat may date from the time of its stabilization in the Archean. KEY WORDS: Canada; mantle; metasomatism; peridotite; trace elements 相似文献
15.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of intrusive and extrusive ophiolitic plagiogranites, Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Plagiogranites associated with the Sarikaraman ophiolite of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey, closely resemble other plagiogranites from supra-subduction zone-type ophiolites of Neotethys. The ophiolite is remarkable in displaying a higher proportion of the plagiogranite suite (ca. 10% by volume) than is usually associated with such bodies. The Sarikaraman plagiogranites are represented by intrusive sheets and netvein trondhjemites largely developed at the top of the upper gabbros and as multiphase dykes within the sheeted dyke complex. The plagiogranite dykes are considered to feed extrusive silicified rhyolites associated with the basaltic lavas in the volcanic section of the ophiolite. Field relations suggest that the trondhjemites were probably generated from the roof section of a dynamic and evolving gabbroic magma chamber. Both the deep-seated trondhjemites and the volcanic rhyolites constitute the Sarikaraman plagiogranite suite. Geochemically there is complete overlap between the intrusive trondhjemites and extrusive rhyolites, which are characterised by (MORB-normalized) low HFS element contents with small negative Nb---Ta anomalies and variably enhanced LIL element abundances. Unlike other plagiogranites, however, the Sarikaraman suite is not characterized by consistently low K2O contents; a feature that reflects the variable mobilization of the LIL elements under lower greenschist facies conditions. The REE are uniformly enriched relative to the basic components of the complex, but have similar normalized patterns exhibiting mild light REE depletion. In terms of their origin, the initial or most primitive plagiogranite melts could have been generated by either fractional crystallization (70–85% of clinopyroxene-feldspar ± amphibole) or partial melting (5–15% batch melting) of a gabbroic ‘source material’, although only the first process can produce most of the range of the plagiogranite compositions. As a group the plagiogranites exhibit some degree of internal variation which can be generated by further fractionation largely dominated by feldspar with minor apatite and amphibole. 相似文献
16.
汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体REE和Sr,Nd同位素地球化学 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
本文报道汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体的ＲＥＥ丰度和Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成。不同岩石类型的ＲＥＥ配分模式和同位素组成反映地幔部分熔融程度和交代作用过程。二辉橄榄岩亏损轻稀土，是原始地幔经不同程度部分熔融的残留体。方辉橄榄岩具Ｕ型ＲＥＥ配分模式，是强烈亏损的地幔岩被熔体非化学平衡交代的结果。二辉岩脉状体富轻、中稀土，它同与脉状体接触的二辉橄榄岩可达化学平衡或近于化学平衡，而二辉岩脉状体的形成与玄武岩岩浆无成因关系。据对二辉岩脉状体和不含脉状体橄榄岩的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年，这种脉状体形成于３００Ｍａ左右。 相似文献
17.
UKAEGBUV.U. EKWUEMEB.N. 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):129-135
Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element ( REE ) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE abundances and distinctive patterns from highly fraetionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low abundances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑ REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE abundances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb,Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low ∑ REE. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization. 相似文献
18.
Martin Menzies Douglas Blanchard Joyce Brannon Randy Korotev 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1977,64(1):53-74
Partial fusion hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of lherzolite-harzburgite alpine peridotite associations. Analyzed lherzolites from Othris, Ronda, Lanzo and Beni Bouchera, have light REE depleted to chondritic REE abundances, and clinopyroxenes contain most of the REE relative to depleted olivine and orthopyroxene. Variation in the level of REE enrichment within these lherzolites indicates mantle heterogeneity probably caused by partial melting processes. The Beni Bouchera spinel lherzolite and the Othris plagioclase lherzolite are the best candidates for relatively undepleted mantle based on REE studies. Fractional fusion calculations (15–25%) reveal that partial melts have REE characteristics somewhat similar to oceanic tholeiites. Conversely, computed source peridotites from oceanic tholeiites (Schilling, 1975) are similar to the alpine lherzolites reported here. Alpine lherzolites are, however, depleted in trace elements (K, Rb, Sr and Ba, Menzies and Murthy 1976). Since the lherzolites have an undepleted major, minor and REE chemistry close to that of pyrolite, the lost trace element-rich fraction must represent a small degree of melting. It is proposed that alpine lherzolites are residue left after the loss of a nephelinitic/alkalic fraction, ([Ce/Yb]N=2.0–4.01) representing a small degree of partial fusion. This labile fraction may have existed as an intergranular phase or hydrous mineral prior to melting. 相似文献
19.
REE compositions of nine partially serpentinized Iherzolitic rocks from Liguria have been investigated: eight samples are from the Erro-Tobbio thrust sheet of the Gruppo di Voltri (western Liguria); one sample is from an allochthonous eastern Liguria mass within the External Ligurides. As previously described (Ernst and Piccardo, 1979, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta43, 219–237), all specimens are spinel (±plagioclase) Iherzolites. They possess major element bulk rock chemistries which are more or less ‘primitive’ or only slightly depleted compared to estimated upper mantle compositions. Mineral chemistries, varying insignificantly from rock to rock, evidently reflect mantle equilibration in the range 1000–1150°C and 14–16 kbar; pervasive retrograde effects testify to later decompression at shallower levels characterized by temperatures exceeding a typical intraplate oceanic geothermal gradient.The investigated lherzolitic samples show concordant REE patterns, LREE-depleted with respect to chondrites. A wide range in values is observed among the LREE: the observed depletion of LREE in most of the samples is accompanied by a Ce-negative anomaly. Inasmuch as the analyzed samples have been affected to a variable extent by serpentinization, REE mobility during hydrous alteration is treated employing both a theoretical approach and natural evidence.Effects of partial melting prior to serpentinization (resulting chiefly in depletion in LREE) can be rationalized by postulating a two-times chondritic REE abundance in the original unaltered peridotitic material and by considering the HREE contents to have been unaffected by hydrous alteration. When comparison is made with REE compositions for residual material after different degrees of partial melting (computed using an equilibrium, non-modal partial melting model and selected REE partition values), the analyzed Ligurian samples show effects of incipient melting on only a small scale, i.e. 1–5%. Judging from their major and REE compositions, the investigated lherzolites cannot have produced substantial amounts of tholeiitic melt, hence they cannot have provided the primary magmas for the oceanic crustal sequences so widespread within the Northern Apennine and Gruppo di Voltri ophiolitic terranes. 相似文献
20.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2347-2364
The Late Cretaceous Sabzevar ophiolite represents one of the largest and most complete fragments of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in the NE Iran. It is mainly composed of serpentinized mantle peridotites slices; nonetheless, minor tectonic slices of all crustal sequence constituents are observed in this ophiolite. The crustal sequence contains a well-developed ultramafic and mafic cumulates section, comprising plagioclase-bearing wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbronorite, gabbronorite, amphibole gabbronorite and quartz gabbronorite with adcumulate, mesocumulate, heteradcumulate and orthocumulate textures. The crystallization order for these rocks is olivine ± chromian spinel → clinopyroxene → plagioclase → orthopyroxene → amphibole. The presence of primary magmatic amphiboles in the cumulate rocks shows that the parent magma evolved under hydrous conditions. Geochemically, the studied rock units are characterized by low TiO2 (0.18–0.57 wt.%), P2O5 (<0.05 wt.%), K2O (0.01–0.51 wt.%) and total alkali contents (0.12–3.04 wt.%). They indicate fractionated trends in the chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) plots and multi-element diagrams (spider diagrams). The general trend of the spider diagrams exhibit slight enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) relative to high field strength elements (HFSEs) and positive anomalies in Sr, Pb and Eu and negative anomalies in Zr and Nb relative to the adjacent elements. The REE plots of these rocks display increasing trend from La to Sm, positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu1 = 1.06–1.54) and an almost flat pattern from medium REE (MREE) to heavy REE (HREE) region [(Gd/Yb)N = 1–1.17]. Moreover, clinopyroxenes from the cumulate rocks have low REE contents and show marked depletion in light REE (LREE) compared to MREE and HREE [(La/Sm)N = 0.10–0.27 and (La/Yb)N = 0.08–0.22]. The composition of calculated melts in equilibrium with the clinopyroxenes from less evolved cumulate samples are closely similar to island arc tholeiitic (IAT) magmas. Modal mineralogy, geochemical features and REE modeling indicate that Sabzevar cumulate rocks were formed by crystal accumulation from a hydrous depleted basaltic melt with IAT affinity. This melt has been produced by moderate to high degree (~15%) of partial melting a depleted mantle source, which partially underwent metasomatic enrichment from subducted slab components in an intra-oceanic arc setting. 相似文献