共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
采用浑水控制方程,建立了基于耦合解法的一维非恒定非均匀沙数学模型,用于模拟高含沙洪水演进时的河床冲淤过程.然后采用黄河下游游荡段1977年7—8月实测高含沙洪水资料对该模型进行率定,基于水沙耦合解法的各水文断面流量、总含沙量及分组含沙量的计算过程与实测过程符合更好,计算的沿程最高水位及累计河段冲淤量与实测值也较为符合.最后还采用2004年8月高含沙洪水资料对该模型进行了验证.模型率定及验证计算结果表明,采用一维水沙耦合模型计算高含沙洪水过程,能取得较高的精度. 相似文献
2.
3.
为实现多沙河流水库短期兴利效益和长期减淤效益的平衡,采用数学模型研究水库减淤与发电综合效益具有重要意义。充分考虑水沙输移和河床变形的耦合作用,通过结合一维水沙计算模块、水库调度模块以及发电计算模块,建立了考虑水库调度的水沙电耦合计算模型。将该模型应用到三门峡水库,采用2019水文年和2020水文年实测水沙资料分别对模型进行率定及验证。并应用该模型研究了不同水沙条件和调度方式对水库冲淤和发电的影响。计算结果表明：各测站流量、水位以及含沙量的计算过程与实测过程符合较好,发电量计算值误差均在15%以内,该模型能较为准确地模拟库区冲淤及电站发电过程;较丰水枯沙过程,其余3种典型水沙条件下冲淤量和发电量变幅分别达129%～360%及18%～52%,受入库水沙条件影响大;降低非汛期起调水位有利于控制非汛期库区淤积,提高汛期敞泄的临界入库流量有利于提高减淤及发电综合效益。 相似文献
4.
河床冲淤相对平衡下的洪水分组含沙量阈值是多泥沙河流水沙调控的重要参数.基于河床演变学的原理,根据黄河下游200余场次洪水实测资料,探讨了洪水分组含沙量阈值和分组来沙系数阈值.研究表明,黄河下游洪水过程中,在一定的分组含沙量及来沙系数条件下,可以使得河床冲淤达到相对平衡.对于悬沙以细泥沙为主的洪水,其河槽冲淤临界含沙量与主槽单宽流量、最大日均流量、花园口以下河段最小平滩流量、床沙中值粒径大于0.05 mm的沙重百分数有关;对于悬沙以中粗泥沙为主的临界含沙量则与粒径大于0.05 mm的沙重百分数无关;对于悬沙以粗泥沙为主的临界含沙量除与细泥沙临界含沙量的因素有关外,还与悬沙中值粒径小于0.025 mm、大于0.05 mm的沙重百分数有关.对于含沙量级相近的洪水,若流量级不同,同样可以产生不同的冲淤结果,即存在着分组来沙系数临界值. 相似文献
5.
泥沙淤积问题是水库能否长期运行的关键，根据洪峰沙峰异步特性进行沙峰排沙调度是减少水库淤积、保持水库库容的有效手段，研究水库洪峰沙峰异步特性具有重要意义。针对现有分析异步特性的方法存在不能反映整体水沙过程异步情况、异步类型分类不明确等局限性，本文基于动态时间规整(DTW)算法，将洪峰沙峰过程图形特征数值化，进而计算异步时长并判断异步类型，以三峡水库1990—2021年的洪水过程为研究对象分析其洪峰沙峰异步特性。研究结果表明：三峡水库与金沙江下游梯级水库修建后，三峡水库坝前沿程各站的沙峰滞后比例增加，且距坝里程越近异步时长减小越多；与传统方法相比，DTW算法考虑了完整的场次洪水水沙变化过程，能有效处理复杂洪水过程，适用性良好，在水库运行管理与排沙调度方面具有应用潜力与发展前景。 相似文献
6.
三峡水库汛期排沙研究大多关注库区的减淤效应,对坝下游河道的冲淤影响尚需进一步研究,对优化水库调度和河道保护利用具有重要意义。以三峡水库下游荆江河段为对象,建立了荆江长河段二维水沙数学模型,并结合实测资料分析,基于三峡水库2018年7月排沙调度,通过设置不同的排沙比(7%～100%),计算分析了荆江河段冲淤对三峡水库排沙比的响应。结果表明：虽然荆江河段全年总体冲刷,但排沙比较大时汛期仍可能淤积,上荆江河段受排沙调度影响相对较大;总体而言,2018年汛期水沙条件下,30%左右的排沙比是荆江河段洪季冲淤的临界点;排沙比提高后,汛期淤积部位大部分为边滩等缓流区,以及弯曲河段凹岸等,主槽仍冲刷,对维护滩槽高差具有积极意义。 相似文献
7.
三峡水库蓄水后水深的增加导致洪水传播过程中沙峰滞后于洪峰的时间增加,利用洪峰和沙峰异步运动特性进行沙峰排沙调度是减缓水库淤积的重要手段之一。采用三维数值模型SCHISM（Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model）研究三峡库区洪峰和沙峰的异步运动规律,基于2013年的汛期水沙传播过程验证模型的可靠性和准确性,初步分析不同洪水位下洪峰和沙峰的异步运动特性。结果表明:数值模型能够准确地模拟三峡水库汛期洪峰和沙峰长距离的传播过程;坝前蓄水位对洪峰传播时间的影响不大,但是对沙峰传播时间的影响较为显著;坝前水位增加使水流的流速减小和挟沙能力降低,沙峰传播速度减慢且峰值沿程不断降低,最终导致库区中沙峰滞后于洪峰出现的时间沿程越来越长。研究结果可为进一步优化三峡水库的沙峰排沙调度等提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
汛限水位是综合利用水库运行和调度的重要参数之一,也是协调防洪和兴利矛盾的焦点所在。现行的汛限水位过多地考虑了小概率洪水事件,不能充分挖掘水库汛期的兴利效益,因此,采用动态汛限水位进行调度,对综合利用水库的运行具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。根据三峡水库围堰发电期的调度规程,建立预报预泄调度模型,采用宜昌站1882-2001年汛期实测日流量资料,实现了考虑预报信息的动态汛限水位洪水调度模拟;提出了多目标风险指标体系;计算了9种动态汛限水位方案下的风险指标值,通过综合评价模型对各方案进行比较和优选,得到了相对合理的动态汛限水位方案。 相似文献
9.
水库的排沙问题一直是多沙河流水库调度研究的重点之一。由于大部分多沙河流的来水来沙主要集中于汛期,因此水库汛期的蓄水兴利与泄水排沙的矛盾十分突出,具有典型的博弈关系,该关系可以利用博弈的相关理论进行描述。基于微分对策理论,将多沙河流水库汛期的供水兴利与泄水排沙看作博弈的双方,建立起以排沙和供水的综合效益作为性能指标函数的多沙河流水库汛期调度模型,研究了多沙河流水库汛期的调度问题,并通过陕西黑河某水库的实测资料对该模型进行了验证计算。计算结果表明,建立的调度模型能够较好地反映多沙河流水库汛期调度中的主要矛盾,实现对供水与排沙综合效益的优化。 相似文献
10.
考虑暴雨成因的大伙房水库洪水分类研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
暴雨洪水形成机制十分复杂,它既具有随机性,又具有确定性.可是现行的流域防洪调度设计中强调的是随机性,忽略了客观上存在的确定性,因此使得设计结果与实际脱节,不能充分发挥防洪与兴利效益.本文针对这一问题,考虑到特定流域内产生暴雨的天气系统所具有的相对稳定性规律,及其形成的暴雨洪水过程存在的确定性关系,以大伙房水库流域为例,归纳出依据暴雨成因对流域内洪水过程分类的方法.通过各类洪水过程线图及各类洪水过程相似性系数计算,证明了洪水过程分类的合理性.这种分类,对了解流域洪水规律,提高水库防洪能力、提高洪水资源利用率,及深入研究水库防洪分类预报调度方式设计具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
11.
对于雨洪河流,河流年输沙量主要来源于1场或几场高强度暴雨洪水过程,开展流域次洪输沙规律研究对认识流域水沙变化特性、提升流域产输沙的预测能力具有重要意义。利用嘉陵江流域小河坝站、罗渡溪站、武胜站及北碚站的历年场次洪量与输沙量资料,基于径流侵蚀功率理论和M-K分析等方法,系统分析了嘉陵江不同区域的次洪输沙特性。结果表明:嘉陵江流域汛期洪量和输沙量主要来自于嘉陵江干流;嘉陵江不同区域场次洪量均呈不显著减少趋势,次洪输沙模数（输沙量）总体呈显著减少趋势,但小河坝站2013—2020年次洪输沙模数（输沙量）呈显著增加趋势;随着径流侵蚀功率的逐渐增加,各区域不同时段的次洪输沙模数（输沙量）的变幅逐渐减小;嘉陵江干流区武胜站场次洪水输沙过程受人类活动影响最大、渠江罗渡溪站次之、涪江小河坝站最小;受汶川地震及强降雨等影响,小河坝站和北碚站2013—2020年次洪输沙量较1999—2012年有一定程度增加,但北碚站增幅小于小河坝站。 相似文献
12.
The numerical model HydroTrend, that produces daily time series of water discharge and sediment load to the ocean, is applied to three Mediterranean drainage basins to: (i) simulate the water and sediment flux changes to sedimentary basins through time and (ii) determine the impact of potential forcing factors on sediment and water fluxes to sedimentary basins and how this impact varied through time. Climate (precipitation, temperature and glacier equilibrium line) and drainage basin (basin elevation, drainage area and reservoir) reconstructions of the Po, Rhône and Têt river basins over the last 21 000 Cal. years B.P. are used as input to the model.Simulated sediment fluxes at the river mouth for the Po, Rhône and Têt River systems during the late Pleistocene were considerably higher compared to Holocene pristine sediment flux, with a factor 3.5, 2.4 and 2.4 respectively. For the Po River system and the Rhône River, deglaciation in the late Pleistocene is the main factor, responsible for these higher sediment fluxes. Drainage basin area change due to sea-level rise is the main cause of decrease in sediment flux for the Têt River system and to a certain extent for the Po River system. Man-made reservoirs reduced sediment flux to the ocean for the Po, Rhône and Têt rivers over the last 3–6 decades with a factor of 1.3, 3.8 and 2.4 respectively.Fluvial responses to climate and basin variations are reflected in the peak flood discharge and sediment concentration curves, where present-day water peak flood curves for all three rivers are the highest in the last 21 000 Cal. years B.P. However, their associated sediment concentration curves show opposite results because of diminishing glacial area and the impact of reservoirs. The Têt River system has the ability to generate hyperpycnal plumes although the occurrence frequency changes over time. Prior to 15 500 Cal. years B.P. the river system area was extended due to the low sea level, causing a less favorable regime to generate hyperpycnal events. Presently sediment trapping due to man-made reservoirs alters the river ability to generate hyperpycnal events. 相似文献
13.
Flood is the worst weather-related hazard in Taiwan because of steep terrain and storm. The tropical storm often results in disastrous flash flood. To provide reliable forecast of water stages in rivers is indispensable for proper actions in the emergency response during flood. The river hydraulic model based on dynamic wave theory using an implicit finite-difference method is developed with river roughness updating for flash flood forecast. The artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to update the roughness of rivers in accordance with the observed river stages at each time-step of the flood routing process. Several typhoon events at Tamsui River are utilized to evaluate the accuracy of flood forecasting. The results present the adaptive n-values of roughness for river hydraulic model that can provide a better flow state for subsequent forecasting at significant locations and longitudinal profiles along rivers. 相似文献
14.
R. H. Meade N. N. Bobrovitskaya V. I. Babkin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(3):461-469
Of the world's great rivers, the Ob and Yenisey rank among the largest suppliers of fresh water and among the smallest suppliers of suspended sediment to the coastal ocean. Sediment in the middle reaches of the rivers is mobilized from bordering terraces and exchanged between channels and flood plains. Sediment in the lower reaches of these great rivers is deposited and stored (permanently, on a millennial time scale) in flood plains. Sediment discharges, already small under natural conditions, are diminished further by large manmade reservoirs that trap significant proportions of the moving solids. The long winter freeze and sudden spring breakup impose a peakedness in seasonal water runoff and sediment discharge that contrasts markedly with that in rivers of the tropics and more temperate climates. Very little sediment from the Ob and Yenisey rivers is being transported to the open waters of the Arctic Ocean under present conditions. 相似文献
15.
A large river ice jam and associated flooding in February 1996 on the Blackfoot and Clark Fork Rivers of western Montana
mobilized large amounts of fine-grained sediment. Metal concentrations in sediment downstream from a reservoir containing
large amounts of contaminated sediment were enriched in metals after the ice jam, while open reaches above the reservoir were
diluted by ice-jam processes. This varied response shows the importance of understanding ice jam events to sediment and metal
transport and suggests that ice jams must be considered as important agents affecting sediment metal concentrations in rivers.
Received: 4 December 1997 · Accepted: 23 February 1998 相似文献
16.
Chonglong Gao Youliang Ji Chenliang Wu Jun Jin Ying Ren Zhao Yang Dawei Liu Zhijun Huan Xiaobing Duan Yuqi Zhou 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):1750-1796
Alluvial fans are usually constructed through episodic flood events. Despite the significance of these ephemeral floods on the morphodynamics of alluvial fans, depositional responses to the variations in flood conditions are still poorly documented. This greatly limits the ability to interpret ancient sedimentary successions of fans and the associated flood hydrodynamics. The Quaternary Poplar Fan from endorheic Heshituoluogai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Based on the variations in facies associations and flood conditions, three depositional stages – namely; lobe building stage, channel building stage and the abandonment stage – are identified. During the lobe building stage the Poplar Fan is predominately constructed through incised channel flood, sheetflood and unconfined streamflood, with coeval development of distal surficial ephemeral ponds. The channel building stage is characterized by the development of gravelly braided rivers. However, only scour pool fill deposits are preferentially preserved in the Poplar Fan. During the abandonment stage, erosional lags and aeolian sands randomly occur throughout the fan, while gully deposits can only be found in the distal fan. The distinctive facies architecture of the Poplar Fan is likely to be the result of periodicity of climate fluctuations between wetter and drier conditions during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. The ephemeral floods formed under wetter conditions usually show high discharge and sediment concentrations which facilitate the lobe building processes. During the drier periods, only gravelly braided rivers can be developed through ephemeral floods as the intensity and frequency in precipitation, discharge and sediment concentrations of the flood flows significantly decrease. The abandonment stage of the fan may occur between recurring flood episodes or during the driest periods. Furthermore, the long-term (105 to 106 year) geomorphic evolution of the Poplar Fan shows the influence of tectonic activities. The ongoing thrust uplift tectonic activities have caused destruction of the fan but can also facilitate the fan-head trench/incision of the fan, which in turn facilitate the progradation of the fan. This study proposes a new depositional model for alluvial fans constructed through episodic flood events, which shows the character of both sheet-flood dominated and stream-flow dominated end members of alluvial fans. These findings supplement the understanding of the variability of the alluvial fans and provide means to characterize rock record of alluvial fans and their associated flood and climate conditions. 相似文献
17.
溪洛渡水电站自2013年开始直接拦截金沙江的泥沙,其排沙效果对水库运行及下游向家坝和三峡入库泥沙都会造成影响。本文基于水文泥沙及河道断面观测资料,对比分析溪洛渡水库和三峡水库排沙规律异同点,研究溪洛渡水库排沙效果及影响因素。结果表明,2014—2019年溪洛渡水库共计排沙1 490万t,排沙比为3.1%,较设计值和向家坝、三峡水库均明显偏小。溪洛渡水库排沙比偏小主要有3个原因:入库水沙峰值协调性较差、水库长期高水位运行及库区河道二级天然潜坎对泥沙运动的阻隔效应。 相似文献
18.
河床演变中普遍存在着滞后现象,而以往的三峡水库泥沙研究对滞后现象鲜有考虑。为深入认识三峡水库运行带来的泥沙淤积特征,建立了考虑上游来沙和坝前水位双重影响的泥沙淤积滞后响应模型。基于2003—2017年实测水沙资料,分析了三峡入库水沙特性及汛期泥沙淤积特点,利用滞后响应模型探究了汛期泥沙淤积的滞后规律。结果表明:2003—2012年入库水沙呈现“大水带大沙,少水带少沙”的特点,汛期淤积随坝前水位抬升而增加;2013—2017年入库水沙关系的一致性发生变化,受上游梯级库群拦沙影响,汛期淤积减缓。三峡水库汛期累计淤积与5年线性叠加坝前水位之间有较好的相关关系,汛期淤积不仅与当年来沙和坝前水位运行有关,也与前4年的来沙和坝前水位调度有关。 相似文献