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1.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
绿泥石是沉积岩、变质岩和热液蚀变岩石中的常见矿物。绿泥石的化学成分记录了它在形成过程中的物理化学条件。不同成因的绿泥石在成分上显示出一定的差异。由成岩作用形成的绿泥石的成分表现为:具有较高的Si含量、较低的(Fe+Mg)含量和较低的八面体位置离子占位数。这些特征可与变质作用、热液蚀变作用形成的绿泥石相区别。很多研究者对绿泥石的热力学性质进行了实验和理论研究,并将其成果应用于实验或自然体系中。人们发现绿泥石成分与绿泥石形成的温度之间存在着确定的关系。例如自生绿泥石成分中AlⅣ与温度之间存在显著的线性关系。成岩绿泥石在递增埋藏/加热的条件下,其成分中的Al/Si值趋于增加,Si含量趋于减少,(Fe+Mg)含量趋于增多,八面体位置离子占位数趋于增加,并且伴有AlⅣ含量的增加和AlⅥ含量的减少。由此,产生了众所周知的绿泥石成分温度计。人们利用绿泥石成分温度计来获取盆地的埋藏古温度及其热演化信息。但有的学者认为温度不是影响绿泥石成分变化的主要/唯一因素。有人指出绿泥石的成分主要取决于岩石的化学成分,而非温度。另有人提出p H、Fe/(Fe+Mg),以及岩石成分等参数都会对绿泥石的成分产生影响。由上述的研究现状来看,在埋藏成岩作用期间,绿泥石成分的演化机理依然存在着不完善性。外界的不同地质条件必将对沉积盆地的成岩作用带来影响,而揭示出影响盆地成岩作用的主要因素则是目前从事盆地研究工作的学者十分关注的问题。本论文主要探讨了新疆塔北隆起泥岩中的绿泥石成分的特征,以及与盆地古盐度的关系。研究结果表明:研究区的成岩绿泥石为Ⅱb型铁镁绿泥石,其成分特征主要表现为:1)配位八面体中阳离子的占位数为11.532(总平均值);2)AlⅥ含量明显大于AlⅣ含量;3)(Fe+Mg)为4.016(总平均值);4)Si/Al值1。由本区盐类矿物的分布范围,以及古盐度的数据,本论文讨论了古盐度对本区绿泥石成分的影响。指出古盐度是影响本区绿泥石成分变化的主要因素。揭示了在一定的深度范围(2 777.37~4 405.27 m),一定的古盐度条件下(Sr/Ba值≥0.4,并有盐类矿物出现),绿泥石成分受到古盐度的制约。并且古盐度越高,对绿泥石成分的影响越大。随着古盐度的增高,绿泥石成分中的Al、AlⅣ、Na、Na2O、Al/Si随之增高,而Si/Al则随之降低。由绿泥石成分温度计获得的温度值也伴随着古盐度的增高而增高。因此,由绿泥石成分温度计所计算的温度不能代表本区实际埋藏的古温度。本区绿泥石成分中的Si O2和Fe O与母岩的对应成分之间有一定的相关性,其Si O2绿泥石与Si O2岩石、FeO绿泥石与FeO岩石呈负相关的线性关系,并且这种关系在古盐度的干扰下也未受到影响。 相似文献
2.
鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。 相似文献
3.
巴音戈壁盆地巴音戈壁组上段泥岩是中国高放废物深地质处置的目标研究层位之一,目前缺乏对该地层湖相泥岩粘土矿物组合特征及古盐度影响因素的相关认识。文章应用全岩的B含量、Sr/Ba比值、Rb/K比值及Na+K质量分数等方法和X衍射测试分析技术对巴音戈壁组上段古盐度进行综合判别。分析得出：（1）巴音戈壁组上段以半深湖—深湖沉积环境为主,发育有厚层深灰色泥岩,以半深湖至深湖相沉积为主;（2）研究区目的层岩性结构为泥粉质,该段泥岩伊利石、蒙脱石、伊蒙混层发育较好,绿泥石和高岭石极少;（3）选取样品的Sr/Ba、Rb/K、B/Ga、Na+K值同Couch公式恢复的古盐度变化趋向相似,其水体以半咸水、微咸为主;（4）随着深度增加,TZK-1井、TZK-2井的古盐度呈规律变化,具有升高—降低特点,与伊利石含量的变化一致,并且古盐度变化与古气候及氧化还原的相关研究在该岩性段位耦合。综上表明：目标区古盐度的研究不仅有利于湖盆古沉积环境的恢复,而且有助于揭示古盐度的变化特征对粘土矿物组合特征及演化的影响,为后期深入研究粘土矿物对核素吸附性能及核素在泥岩中的迁移情况提供一定依据。 相似文献
4.
山东昌潍古近系原型盆地粘土矿物的成岩演化与古地温 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东昌潍盆地形成于古近系的古新世-始新世早期(Ek-Es_4),本文主要研究昌潍盆地的粘土矿物特征及其古地温。昌雄古近系(Ek-Es_4)原型盆地的粘土矿物种类有:无序高岭石、伊/蒙混层矿物、伊利石和辉绿泥石(铁斜绿泥石)。利用粘土矿物温度计估算了盆地埋藏深度的古地温,探讨了古近系(Ek-Es_4)原型盆地的成岩作用和有机质热演化阶段。研究表明:随着埋藏深度的增加,伊/蒙混层矿物(L/S)由无序向有序连续转变;高岭石的有序性、伊利石和绿泥石的结晶程度趋于增强。根据伊/蒙混层矿物(L/S)地温计获得盆地不同深度的成岩温度范围;成油深度约为3000～4000m±。现今地温与古地温的对比,显示盆地存在热异常,导致热异常的形成可能有以下几方面因素:(1)盆地曾经历过地壳抬升阶段;(2)盆地内有岩浆活动热事件发生;(3)盆地裂陷期的构造动力学作用导致古地温梯度过高。昌潍原型盆地较高的古地温梯度吻合于裂陷盆地构造动力学演化的模式。 相似文献
5.
苏北盆地粘土矿物转化模式与古地温 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
以苏北盆地为例,系统研究了火成岩发育区粘土矿物组合特征及其控制因素;建立了粘土矿物转化模式;根据粘土矿物成岩演化特点,进行古地温分析。研究表明,苏北地区粘土矿物的分布主要受埋藏成岩作用、岩浆侵入、母质来源三种因素的影响,发育四种类型的粘土矿物组合和三种粘土矿物转化模式;火山碎屑岩母岩区和基性岩浆侵入区具有特殊的粘土矿物组合和成岩演化模式,前者以富含蒙皂石矿物为特点;后者出现高岭石与伊/蒙有序间层矿物共生组合,并具有不连续的演化序列;苏北盆地短有序I/S矿物出现于镜质组反射率 0.5 %～ 0.5 5 %的深度,伊/蒙间层矿物转变成伊利石在镜质组反射率 0.75 %～ 0.8%,可以用于热成熟度和古地温的估算;而蒙皂石消失的界面则不具有指标意义 相似文献
6.
云南思茅盆地勐野井组碎屑岩矿物学、地球化学特征及古盐湖沉积环境演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对云南思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿区钻孔岩心的碎屑沉积物进行粘土矿物分析和元素地球化学分析探讨了研究区晚白垩世碎屑岩的物源属性及古盐湖沉积环境演化特征。粘土矿物组合特征及La/Th-Hf、La/Sc-Th/Co、La-Th-Sc图解,Cr/Th、Al2O3/TiO2比值等表明该孔碎屑岩的物源主要为长英质花岗闪长岩。主量元素活动性分析表明化学风化过程中随着粘土矿物的形成首先发生Ca和Na的淋失,K、Mg则在这一过程中呈富集态势,而Fe、Mn主要受物源限制而总体上表现为亏损。结合粘土矿物形成条件,认为研究区古盐湖经历了暖湿—暖干(成盐成钾期)—暖湿(淡化)的古气候转化过程。而粘土矿物组合受高盐极端环境与埋藏成岩作用影响显著,表现为成盐成钾期显著的伊利石化和绿泥石化作用。因此伊利石+绿泥石粘土矿物组合,结合富Mg绿泥石的相对含量,以及相应沉积阶段碎屑岩的MgO异常高值,可有效指示古盐湖成盐成钾的演化阶段。! 相似文献
7.
为了解天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组地层中混层粘土矿物的组成和结构特征, 利用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD) 和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM) 对其进行了深入研究.通过对比该区粘土矿物的自然干燥片、Ca离子饱和片、Ca饱和的乙二醇膨胀片、加热到375℃和550℃的乙二醇膨胀片获取的XRD衍射峰, 确定该区混层粘土矿物为伊利石/蒙脱石(I/S) 不规则混层矿物和绿泥石/蒙脱石(Chl/S) 不规则混层矿物.从高分辨透射电镜观察到I/S规则及不规则混层的晶格条纹像以及Chl/S不规则混层的晶格条纹像, 揭示了该区I/S混层和Chl/S混层的层间堆跺结构特征.该研究为蓟县中元古界典型剖面提供了重要的混层粘土矿物的结构信息. 相似文献
8.
在沉积学研究基础上,以粘土矿物为研究对象,利用X衍射分析和微量元素分析技术,采用Couch公式对四川盆地
须家河组沉积期湖盆古盐度进行恢复,结果表明,须家河组古盐度介于4.8‰~19.7‰之间,平均值为12.8‰,远低于正常
海水盐度。不同层位古盐度呈规律性变化,须二段至须六段古盐度逐渐降低,由咸水转变为微咸水。盐度的增高有利于蒙
脱石向伊利石转化,使得须二段以伊利石为主,须四段-须六段伊利石平均含量逐渐降低,而以绿泥石为主。古盐度对绿
泥石成分也有一定影响,随着古盐度的增高,绿泥石成分中的Si4+逐渐减少,而AlIV的含量逐渐增多,Fe2+/Mg2++Fe2+比值逐
渐降低。结合四川盆地区域构造运动,认为须家河组古盐度变化主要由印支期构造所造成,须三段之后由于龙门山南段的
抬升,四川盆地与外海失去联系成为独立沉积系统,须家河组二段和三段沉积应为陆相沉积物质,但受到海相潮汐叠加改
造,而须四段-须六段则属于正常陆相沉积环境。 相似文献
9.
可可西里盐湖表层沉积物中粘土矿物的环境信息 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对可可西里盐湖表层沉积物中粘土矿物的研究,以期获得近年来湖区的某些环境信息.研究结果表明:沉积物中的粘土矿物主要为伊利石和绿泥石,非粘土矿物主要为石英、方解石和长石以及少量白云石、文石、闪石和石膏等.样品中＜2μm的粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,局部样品含少量有序伊/蒙混层.根据样品分布特点和粘土矿物的组合类型,将样品划分为3个区域:1区和3区的矿物组合为伊利石、绿泥石和有序伊/蒙混层;2区为伊利石和绿泥石,无伊像混层矿物.其中1区和3区样品的结晶度(IC)范围为0.41～0.59,均值为0.51;2区样品的结晶度范围为0.25～0.40,均值为0.34,明显低于1区和3区,说明2区样品中的伊利石具有更高的结晶度.样品的伊利石化学指数(CI)均小于0.5,表明该伊利石为富Fe-Mg伊利石,主要是物理风化作用的结果.伊利石和绿泥石作为主要粘土矿物反映了近年来整个湖区的环境以干冷为主,局部区域(1区和3区)出现的少量有序I/S混层矿物则指示在短期内曾经历过短暂的干湿交替环境.此外,在酸性介质条件下,少量伊利石发生弱水解作用导致晶格中的K+淋失,并转化为伊/蒙混层矿物,同时也降低了伊利石的结晶度. 相似文献
10.
我国不同气候带黄土中粘土矿物组合特征分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
在兰州黄土和下蜀黄土中粘土矿物的X衍射分析基础上,对我国不同纬度和气候带的五个黄土剖面(点)中的粘土矿物组合和空间分布进行了对比分析,并探讨了与古气候的关系。结果表明,黄土中粘土矿物组合具有明显的地带性特征。从西北到东南,随着纬度的逐渐降低,黄土中的粘土矿物组合也发生有规律的变化。主要表现为绿泥石含量的逐渐减少和蛭石含量的逐渐增多。位于温带半干旱区的兰州黄土以伊利石和绿泥石为主要粘土矿物,而位于亚热带湿润区的大港下蜀黄土则以伊利石和蛭石为主要粘土矿物。黄土中含有较多量的绿泥石可作为黄土母质堆积后干冷气候和微弱风化的标志,而蛭石和蛭石/绿泥石混层矿物含量的增加指示了风化强度的增强。因此,黄土粘土矿物组合特征不仅反映物源区古环境信息,而且指示了黄土堆积期后的生物气候环境。 相似文献
11.
The Smartville Complex is a late Jurassic, rifted volcanic arc in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. Near Auburn, California, it consists of a lower volcanic unit, dominated by basaltic flows, and an upper volcanic unit of andesitic volcaniclastic rocks, both of which have been intruded by dykes and irregular bodies of diabase. These rocks contain relict igneous minerals, and the metamorphic minerals albite, chlorite, quartz, pumpellyite, prehnite, epidote, amphibole, titanite, garnet, biotite, K-feldspar, white mica, calcite, and sulphide and oxide minerals.
Prehnite–pumpellyite (PrP), prehnite–actinolite (PrA), and greenschist (GS) zones have been identified. The pumpellyite-out isograd separates the PrP and PrA zones, and the prehnite-out isograd separates the PrA and GS zones. The minerals Ab + Qtz + Mt + Tn are common to most assemblages in all three zones. The MgO/(MgO + FeO) ratio of the effective bulk composition has an important and systematic effect on the observed mineral assemblages in the PrP zone. Prehnite-bearing assemblages contain the additional minerals, Pmp + Amp + Ep + Chl in MgO-rich rocks, and either Pmp + Ep + Chl or Amp + Ep + Chl in less magnesian rocks. Subcalcic to calcic amphibole is common in the PrP zone. The mineral assemblage Prh + Act + Ep + Chl, without Pmp, characterizes the PrA zone, and the mineral assemblage Act + Ep + Chl, without Prh or Pmp, characterizes the GS zone. The disappearance of pumpellyite and prehnite occurred by continuous reactions.
The sequence of mineral assemblages was produced by burial metamorphism at P–T conditions of 300° 50°C at approximately 2.5 ± 0.5 kbar. During metamorphism, the composition of the fluid phase was nearly 100% H2 O and the oxygen fugacity was between the hematite–magnetite and quartz–fayalite–magnetite buffers. 相似文献
Prehnite–pumpellyite (PrP), prehnite–actinolite (PrA), and greenschist (GS) zones have been identified. The pumpellyite-out isograd separates the PrP and PrA zones, and the prehnite-out isograd separates the PrA and GS zones. The minerals Ab + Qtz + Mt + Tn are common to most assemblages in all three zones. The MgO/(MgO + FeO) ratio of the effective bulk composition has an important and systematic effect on the observed mineral assemblages in the PrP zone. Prehnite-bearing assemblages contain the additional minerals, Pmp + Amp + Ep + Chl in MgO-rich rocks, and either Pmp + Ep + Chl or Amp + Ep + Chl in less magnesian rocks. Subcalcic to calcic amphibole is common in the PrP zone. The mineral assemblage Prh + Act + Ep + Chl, without Pmp, characterizes the PrA zone, and the mineral assemblage Act + Ep + Chl, without Prh or Pmp, characterizes the GS zone. The disappearance of pumpellyite and prehnite occurred by continuous reactions.
The sequence of mineral assemblages was produced by burial metamorphism at P–T conditions of 300° 50°C at approximately 2.5 ± 0.5 kbar. During metamorphism, the composition of the fluid phase was nearly 100% H
12.
Application of Chlorite Geothermometry to Hydrothermal Alteration in Toyoha Geothermal System, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, we applied chemical geothermometers to the estimation of formation temperatures of chlorites from various types of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Toyoha geothermal field, using core samples from six drill holes (TH-2 to TH-7) together with wasted ore samples from Toyoha vein-type ore deposit. Based on the preliminary examination of mineral assemblages by X-ray powder diffraction and optical microscopy, hydrothermal alteration observed through the drill holes was classified into four types of alteration zones: propylitic, mixed-layer minerals, kaolin minerals, and ore mineralized zones. The mineral assemblage of the ore mineralized zone observed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6 is similar to those of Toyoha ore veins reported previously. The Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of chlorites were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in addition to the usual microprobe analyses. The ratios ranged from 0.20–0.26 for chlorites from the propylitic alteration zone and from 0.13 to 0.17 for those from the ore mineralized zone associated with sulfide minerals. After correcting the Fe3+ contents in the octahedral sites of chlorite structures, we obtained acceptable temperatures of the chlorite formation by application of geothermometers, for instance, a similar range of 150–300°C for chlorites from either the propylitic zone or the ore mineralized zone developed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6. Chlorites from the ore mineralized zone proximal to the Toyoha deposit are characterized by high Fe and Mn contents compared to the propylitic chlorites, which is similar to the Toyoha vein-filling chlorites; the formation temperatures were close to both the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and the present subsurface temperatures measured through drill holes. Chlorites from the Toyoha ore veins, however, gave slightly higher formation temperatures (180–350°C) than those of chlorites from the ore mineralized zone in the drill cores. This suggests that several types of hydrothermal alteration occurred at different stages in the Toyoha geothermal field and the composition of product chlorite was controlled not only by the temperature but also the composition of fluid related to the formation. Reliable estimation of temperature for the chlorite formation provides basic information on evaluating correctly other physicochemical conditions prevalent at the formation. 相似文献
13.
Regional and local patterns of low-grade metamorphism in the North Shore Volcanic Group, Minnesota, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. Th. SCHMIDT 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(3):401-414
Abstract The North Shore Volcanic Group in northern Minnesota is part of the Middle Proterozoic Keweenawan sequence, one of the largest plateau lava provinces in the world. The primary geochemistry of the basalts suggests that volcanism occurred in an intracontinental rift environment. The subaerial lava flows, mainly amygdaloidal olivine tholeiites and tholeiites, have undergone low-grade metamorphism from zeolite to lower greenschist facies. On the basis of alteration phases replacing the primary magmatic minerals, infilling amygdales and veins, and replacing secondary minerals, the following zones have been distinguished: (1) thomsonite-scolecite-smectite, (2) heulandite-stilbite-smectite, (3) laumontitechlorite-albite, (4) laumontite-chlorite-albite ± prehnite ± pumpellyite and (5) epidote-chlorite-albite ± actinolite zone. In addition to the overall zonation based on mineral parageneses, zonations in the composition of the Ab content of the newly formed albite replacing primary Ca-rich plagioclase and of the newly formed mafic phyllosilicates are observed within the sequence and within single flows. Mafic phyllosilicates in the upper part of the sequence (mainly smectites and mixed-layer smectite/chlorites) display high Si and Ca + Na + K contents, whereas in the lower part of the sequence the amounts of Si and Ca + Na + K are markedly lower (mainly chlorites and mixed-layer chlorite/smectites). Similar zonations are observed within the individual flows. The albite content of the newly formed plagioclase is highest, and the Si and Ca + Na + K content of the phyllosilicates lowest in the amygdaloidal flow top while the opposite is true for the massive flow interior. The above features suggest that the overall pattern is one of burial-type metamorphism associated with extension in the rift setting. In detail, the mineral assemblages are controlled not only by the stratigraphic position but also by the flow morphology controlling permeability whose effect on the assemblages is most pronounced in the stratigraphically upper parts. This suggests that at the first stages of alteration (lowest grade) the patterns of fluid flow were important effects in controlling the assemblages. At greater burial depth, assemblages are more homogeneous, perhaps representative of a more even and pervasive flow pattern. Using the observed assemblages at face value to define grade and/or facies, different conditions would be assigned within the different morphological flow portions. Thus at low-grade metamorphic conditions it is essential to integrate assemblages from different morphological flow portions in order to define satisfactorily the overall metamorphic conditions. 相似文献
14.
Metamorphism in the late Permian to early Cretaceous North Island basement greywackes has been investigated using petrography and clay mineral crystallinity. Several terranes are represented in the North Island greywackes and the study area includes Murihiku, Manaia Hill, Bay of Islands and Omahuta terranes and the Mélange Zone. Very low-grade metamorphic events in the greywackes have produced mineral assemblages of zeolite to pumpellyite-actinolite greywacke facies. Zeolite facies greywackes are characterized by the assemblage Zeo (Lmt, Anl, Hul)+Qtz±Ab±Cal± Chl±I±I/S* observed in the entire Murihiku terrane and in the eastern part of the Bay of Islands terrane and the Mélange Zone. The entire Manaia Hill, most of the Bay of Islands, the eastern area of the Omahuta terranes and the central part of the Mélange Zone are at prehnite-pumpellyite facies with mineral assemblages of Prh+Qtz+Chl+Pmp+Ab+± Ill±Cal±Lmt. Pumpellyite-actinolite facies with the mineral assemblage of Pmp±Act+Qtz+Ab+Chl±Ep±Ill±Cal±Chl occurs in the western part of the Mélange Zone and the Omahuta terrane.
Illite (IC) and chlorite (ChC) crystallinity values of greywackes are very similar and range from diagenetic zone to anchizone. Metamorphic conditions indicated by the IC and ChC and mineral facies are in excellent agreement and correlate as follows: crystallinity diagenetic-zone with the zeolite mineral facies, crystallinity lower anchizone with prehnite-pumpellyite mineral facies and crystallinity upper anchizone with pumpellyite-actinolite mineral facies. The general increase in the metamorphic grade from east to west, except in Murihiku terrane, is compatible with the sequence of accretion expected in a subduction environment. 相似文献
15.
Electron microprobe analyses were made on diagenetic chlorites in sandstones and mudstones from two deep wells according to the petrographic character of the chlorite occurrence: as pseudomorphic phases, rims on quartz or glauconite or as distinct phases in the clay matrix. Chlorite compositions do not depend upon crystallization site (reacting phases) making it apparent that new chlorites can form in an approach to chemical equilibrium at or near the surface (40° C, 1 km depth). Comparison of this data with that for late diagenetic and early metamorphic chlorites indicates that the compositional range for different grains in the same thin section is similar for the samples throughout the 40°–270° C temperature span. Compositional range decreases upon further metamorphism.Al content appears to be a more reliable indicator of temperature variations than other substitutions in the chlorite structure. The clay mineral assemblage which indicates sedimentary facies affects the trends in composition (Al increase or decrease) as a function of temperature. The octahedral site occupancy show a general increase in going from diagenesis to metamorphic conditions in pelitic rocks. The range of Fe-Mg ratios seems to depend more on the chemistry of each sample than the temperature of formation of the minerals. 相似文献
16.
利用黏土矿物X衍射分析和微量元素分析结果,采用Couch公式和Adams公式对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组沉积期湖盆古盐度进行恢复,确定由于受到成岩作用影响,由Couch公式计算出的古盐度值比实际值低,而由Adams公式计算结果反映的水体古盐度性质更可靠。研究表明:①鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组沉积期湖盆水体具微咸水-半咸水性质,盐度从北东、北西及西南3个方向往湖盆中央呈逐渐升高,晚期的盐度低于早期盐度,反映湖平面上升的湖进过程。盐度高值区为相对闭塞的湖湾和湖盆中心的半深湖区。平面上,古盐度向河流入注湖盆的河口方向降低。由古盐度变化为古地理恢复提供了依据;②湖泊水体盐度与储层关系密切,较高盐度的水体有利于早成岩阶段绿泥石环边胶结和浊沸石的形成,前者有利于原生粒间孔隙的保存,后者更容易被溶蚀而形成丰富的次生溶孔。 相似文献
17.
In the northern part of the Calchaquí Valley (NW Argentina), Palaeogene Andean foreland sediments are represented by a 1400-metre-thick continental succession (QLC: Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation) consisting of claystones, siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerates representing sedimentation in fluvial-alluvial plains and alluvial fan settings. To understand the main syn- and postsedimentary variables controlling the clay mineral assemblages of this succession, we have studied the fine-grained clastic sediments by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, along with a detailed sedimentary facies analysis, for two representative sections. In the northern section, the whole succession was sampled and analysed by XRD, whereas in the second section, a control point 15 km to the south, only the basal levels were analysed. The XRD study revealed a strong contrast in clay mineral assemblages between these two sections as well as with sections in the central Calchaquí Valley studied previously. In the northernmost part of the study area, a complete evolution from smectite at the top to R3 illite/smectite mixed-layers plus authigenic kaolinite at the bottom, through R1-type mixed-layers in between, has been recognized, indicating the attainment of late diagenesis. In contrast, the clay mineral assemblages of equivalent foreland sediments cropping out only 15 km to the south contain abundant smectite and micas, subordinate kaolinite and chlorite, and no I/S mixed-layers to the bottom of the sequence. Early diagenetic conditions were also inferred in a previous study for equivalent sediments of the QLC Formation cropping out to the south, in the central Calchaquí Valley, as smectite occurs in basal strata. Burial depths of approximately 3000 m were estimated for the QLC Formation in the central and northern Calchaquí Valley; in addition, an intermediate to slightly low geothermal gradient can be considered likely for both areas as foreland basins are regarded as hypothermal basins. Consequently, the attainment of late diagenesis in the northernmost study area cannot be explained by significant differences in burial depth nor in geothermal gradient in relation to the section 15 km to the south nor with the central Calchaquí Valley. The formation of R3 mixed-layer I/S and authigenic kaolinite in the northern study area was most likely controlled by the circulation of hot, deep fluids along the reverse faults that bounded the Calchaquí valley. These faults were active during the Cenozoic, as evidenced by the syndepositional deformation features preserved in the studied sediments. Stress could also have been a driving force in burial diagenesis at the R3 mixed-layer I/S stage in these young continental sediments. 相似文献
18.
湘中下石炭统粘土矿物组合特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南中部下石炭统是一套以碳酸盐岩为主夹碎屑岩含煤岩系的沉积,根据粘土矿物在下石岩统剖面分布规律,结合各组段岩性岩相特征,可推断出粘土矿物组合特征及其环境分布,从滨岸碎屑沉积到滨外泥质陆棚、滨外浅水碳酸盐陆棚,到深水碳酸盐陆棚和浅海盆地,即从滨岸向盆地方向,高岭石含量急剧减少,伊利石逐渐增加,伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物和绿泥石则先是增加,然后又趋于减少,其最高含量分别在浅水碳酸盐陆棚和滨外泥质陆棚。测水组含煤岩系粘土矿物以高岭石为主,伊利石次之,并有一定量的绿泥石和伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物,它们在垂向上的变化反映了沉积环境水介质酸碱度和盐度的变化规律。 相似文献