共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
R. A. Voeks M. Rahmatian 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2004,1(2):151-163
Natural ecosystems provide an array of critical but largely undervalued goods and services. Because these are seldom included in benefit-cost calculations of land use change, the value of wild land development nearly always appears greater than protecting wild nature. The following paper introduces a theoretical framework within which environmental economists evaluate ecosystem services. This is followed an assessment of three types of ecosystem services with particular relevance to the developing world pharmaceutical drug development from native plants, the economics of non-timber product extraction, and the benefits and costs of ecotourism as a development strategy. We conclude with an overview of recent attempts to provide a global estimate of the value of nature’s services. 相似文献
2.
主要发达国家地质信息服务的政策体系及其特点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
信息服务政策是信息服务顺利实施的保障。美、加、澳和英国等主要发达国家的地质调查机构制定并执行了一系列的信息服务政策。这些政策规定了服务的对象、内容、定价、合作伙伴关系、信息发布、客户关系、服务质量等方面的行为准则,涵盖了实施信息服务涉及的所有主要行为,已经形成了比较完整的体系。从以下几个方面阐述了上述主要发达国家信息服务政策体系的特点:信息自由法、版权对地质信息服务的影响,比较完善的定价政策、价格体系和重视用政策、标准规范信息服务。 相似文献
3.
条件价值评估法的发展与应用 总被引：115，自引：2，他引：115
环境物品或生态系统服务的经济价值评估是国际上生态经济学、环境经济学研究的前沿领域。由于绝大多数环境物品或生态系统服务的公共物品特性，其经济价值的评估需要运用非市场的价值评估技术。条件价值评估法（CVM）是非市场价值评估技术中应用最广、影响最大的一种方法。详细介绍了国际上CVM及其发展与应用研究的现状，分析了CVM在环境价值评估技术中的地位及其理论基础，总结了最大支付意愿（WTP）的各种引导技术，全面归纳了CVM研究中可能出现的各种偏差及其相应的解决方法，简要介绍了最大支付意愿的数据统计分析方法。 相似文献
4.
Sustainable water use of the Haihe River Basin is studied by using the ecological network analysis (ENA) approach. Two related
aspects including socioeconomic and environmental water uses sustainability and network organization inherent in system structures
are analyzed. For the study of sustainable water use from each single aspect including water use intensity, water use pressure,
and environmental protection, a series of new indicators termed as total system throughput water use intensity (TSTUI), total
system throughput pressure (TSTP), and environmental flow indicator (EFI) are set up by incorporating parameters of GDP, population,
and environmental flow. Based on these three indices, a new integrated index, intensity-pressure-environment (IPE) is established
for synthesized measure of sustainable socioeconomic and environmental water uses. The indices of ascendency and overhead
are applied for analyzing and characterizing water use network organization. The four subbasins of the Haihe River during
1999–2002 and 2005–2007 are studied. The results show that (i) the water use intensity in subbasin II is the best, while that
in subbasins I and III are the worst; (ii) subbasin II and subbasins I and III suffer the highest and lowest water use pressure,
respectively; (iii) the environmental flow situations in subbasins II and III are the worst and that of subbasin I is the
best; (iv) as for the integrated socioeconomic and environmental water uses sustainability, subbasin III is the best, and
subbasins I and IV are the worst; (v) the organization level of subbasin I is better than the others’, in which that of subbasin
IV is the worst. It can be concluded that the application of ENA in sustainable water use study can provide new angles for
water resources management to address the challenges of assessing and optimizing options to obtain more sustainable water
use. 相似文献
5.
Green supply chain management in the electronic industry 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
C. W. Hsu Ph.D. A. H. Hu Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):205-216
Green supply chain management has emerged as a proactive approach for improving environmental performance of processes and products in accordance with the requirements of environmental regulations. Various approaches for implementing green supply chain management practices has been proposed and recognized in previous literatures, yet no investigation has identified the reliability and validity of such approaches particularly in electronic industry. This study examines the consistency approaches by factor analysis that determines the adoption and implementation of green supply chain management in Taiwanese electronic industry. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is applied to prioritize the relative importance of four dimensions and twenty approaches among nine enterprises in electronic industry. The findings indicate that these enterprises would emphasize on supplier management performance in the crucial role of implementing green supply chain management. Establishing an environmental database of products, asking for product testing report and top management support are among the most important approaches. The results for the implications of green supply chain management implementation in electronic industry investigated in this work generate a generic hierarchy model for decision-makers who can prioritize those approaches for implementing green supply chain management in Taiwan. 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2016
The university campus is often considered a key site for the development of environmental sustainability initiatives. At the same time, the concept and practice of sustainability has been critiqued for its lack of conceptual clarity and its proneness to co-optation by neoliberal institutions and organizations. Using a just sustainabilities framework, this article strives to respond to this tension by exploring the possibility of a campus sustainability at the edges, one that is interested in engaging the broader socio-spatial context of a university as well as in tapping into the emotional and relational realms of fostering more sustainable socio-ecological assemblages. Through a case study analysis of the Philadelphia Urban Creators (PUC), a youth-led organization operating within the Temple University-North Philadelphia interface, I find that grassroots sustainability actors possess important knowledge for understanding how sustainability can be a tool for restoring emotional affinity with the environment as well as for enacting transformative socio-ecological change in the urban university context and beyond. Through these explorations, my purpose is twofold: (1) to envision a more diverse, inclusive, and meaningful campus sustainability model that seeks to confront urban crises such as gentrification, racialized poverty, and mass incarceration, and (2) to incorporate emotion and affect geographies into the just sustainabilities research agenda. 相似文献
7.
Robert R. Christian Paul M. DiGiacomo Thomas C. Malone Liana Talaue-McManus 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(5):871-875
Some of the challenges to establishing and sustaining environmental monitoring are potentially overcome under the framework
of global observing systems. Observing systems go beyond monitoring by enabling links between user needs and observations
and by providing valued information products to user groups at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. The United Nations
established three global observing systems; for climate, oceans, and land and freshwater. Initiatives have also begun to address
important issues within coastal ecosystems. Recent socio-political awareness and technical advances have imporoved the opportunities
for establishing these observing systems and ensuring their sustainability. Awareness and current technology alone are not
enough, and ongoing implementation of these systems is still stymied by a variety of factors. We make several recommendations
to promote their success now and in the future. 相似文献
8.
基于大数据、云计算等现代信息技术与理念,结合地质调查工作实际,系统论述了建设地质大数据体系的总体框架和实现的技术途径。提出了地质大数据体系建设的5项任务组成: 建设地质数据采集体系,推进地质数据快速规范采集; 建设地质大数据汇聚体系,实现地质数据快速有效汇聚; 建设地质数据与信息服务产品体系,丰富地质数据与信息社会化服务产品; 建设地质数据与信息服务体系,推进地质数据与信息协同服务; 建设地质大数据支撑平台(“地质云”),提升地质数据与信息服务的能力和水平。论述了5项任务的主要内容及其面临的关键技术问题,并简要提出了建设地质大数据体系对其他相关工作的影响和要求。 相似文献
9.
According to the ecosystem assessment framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), this paper designs
an evaluation system of ecosystem services in Poyang Lake area. On the basis of relevant variables disaggregated to 1 km grid
using the gridded 1 km, this paper employs factor analysis to extract a number of factors which characterize the ecosystem
services of Poyang Lake area. The extracted principal component are then represented onto 1 km×1 km grids by spatial clustering
analysis to recognize and identify the minimal but consistent mapping units for ecosystem services which can be used to delimit
the boundaries of ecological service zones. The research identifies ten ecosystem service zones in Poyang Lake area according
to the consistent principle of core ecosystem service unit. Four kinds of core ecosystem services including supporting function,
provisioning function, regulating function and cultural function are identified and represented. The research results could
provide both spatially and temporally valuable decision-making information for sustainable ecosystem management in the targeted
area. 相似文献
10.
The year 2010 through 2011 witnessed a number of disasters such as floods in Pakistan and Eastern Europe and earthquakes in Chile, China and Haiti. In response, earth observation (EO) data, geographic information science (GIS) technologies and services were used to provide information before, during and after the disaster occurred. However, use of EO for disaster management still faces a number of challenges due to the lack of common established standards for producing disaster products, the lack of coordination between a large number of suppliers leading to a large collection of datasets on websites of coordinating agencies and the lack of an established framework for monitoring and authenticating the level of quality and reliability of the products delivered to the targeted users. Assessing the quality of such products is a challenge to any potential user of such datasets. The methodology presented here integrates the role of EO expert and targeted end-user into one model where the first phase involves the expert and the second phase the end-user. The expert handles the technical and expertise aspect of EO data by rating the level of conformance of a product to the parameters of a ??quality information template?? (QIT), and the end-user explores various rated datasets and sets preferences for decision-making based on this QIT. The end-user has the possibility of accessing the product through an interactive web platform. The preferences set are used for weighing and ranking for the combination of the potential datasets and the task to be performed. 相似文献
11.
D. Vukelic I. Budak B. Tadic G. Simunovic V. Kljajic B. Agarski 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(2):353-364
Selection of the optimal product, where several products’ aspects are expressed through criteria, is a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Besides technical, exploitational, functional, structural, market and aesthetic criteria, nowadays, environmental criteria are inevitable aspects of a modern product. Environmental product properties can be successfully evaluated with a life cycle assessment. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal product assessment that uses environmental criteria obtained from a life cycle assessment. The proposed model presents a comprehensive approach that aims to overcome complex decision-making problems for optimal product selection, where special attention is given to the product’s environmental impact. Verification of the proposed multi-criteria decision-making and life cycle assessment model was performed on the case study of optimal knee support selection. By changing the criteria weights in multi-criteria decision-making, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The model output results show the product alternatives ranking that supports decision-making in optimal product selection. 相似文献
12.
Louise Crabtree 《Geoforum》2006,37(4):519-535
This paper responds to challenges made by Castree [Castree, N., 2004. Environmental issues: signals in the noise? Progress in Human Geography 28 (1), 79-90] and Sneddon [Sneddon, C., 2000. ‘Sustainability’ in ecological economics, ecology and livelihoods: a review. Progress in Human Geography 24 (4), 521-549] for human geography to clarify its contribution to environmental debates and engage with recent formulations of sustainability as informed by the ‘new ecology’. This approach focuses on resilience, functional diversity, flexibility and complexity, here used to examine housing sustainability within an industrialised sub/urban context in terms of design philosophy, ownership, management bases, community engagement and funding mechanisms. This framework highlights areas of concern for enhancing the functional diversity of housing systems, echoing recent assertions that challenges for sustainability arise more from trust and power sharing issues, than from physical design and maintenance issues. It is argued that it is precisely human geography’s place-by-place consideration of power, embeddedness, scale and politics that can lend new ecology the social relevance it requires. 相似文献
13.
针对上海市规划和国土资源信息化建设中存在的问题,从信息系统规划建设、设计理念、系统开发等方面进行了深层次分析,提出了规划和国土资源信息化工作的目标与定位,强调要加强规划国土资源信息化的顶层设计,以信息化带动管理精细化,加快政府职能转变,建设服务型政府。在此基础上,从统一数据底板建设、管理业务架构梳理和再造、管理总体框架设计和实施等方面提出了推进上海规划和国土资源信息化建设的具体措施。 相似文献
14.
基于Web的XML Web Service的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Web服务基于XML的数据交换标准，提供企业将软件作为应用进行发布的网络计算体系，其他客户或用户都可通过Internet访问该在线服务，真正的使企业只面向核心的商务逻辑。本文重点研究了Web服务的核心思想及应用，体系结构，工作流程，从Web服务的创建、发布、到客户端的应用；还讨论了Web服务的安全机制、异步调用。随着微软的．net战略的实施，Web服务将带来第三代网络应用和服务软件的革命。 相似文献
15.
D. Scott Slocombe Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,21(3):251-272
The Great Lakes Basin is a large, complex, diverse system of highly connected social, biological, and physical components.
Its long history has culminated today in a variety of environmental, economic, and social problems and efforts to solve them.
The idea of sustainability — meeting societal needs and desires without impairing the ability to meet them in the future —
is gaining widespread acceptance as an appropriate goal for management of such systems. This paper shows that nonequilibrium
systems theories dealing with chaotic and self-organizing behavior can provide some insight into the dynamics of complex sociobiophysical
systems such as the Great Lakes Basin, and their prospects for sustainability.
A methodology for describing and analyzing sociobiophysical systems is outlined, and used to focus on change, critical variables
and transformations in the history of the Great Lakes Basin. Nonequilibrium systems theories are used to develop links between
system characteristics and sustainability, ecosystem redevelopment, impact assessment and monitoring, and management of Great
Lakes resources. An indicative framework for monitoring change, restructuring, and transformation by assessing the nature
of change, evaluating system responsiveness, and monitoring the Basin sociobiophysical system, is presented. 相似文献
16.
针对地质灾害气象风险预报（警）产品发布需要,提出面向服务的预报（警）产品发布流程,设计基于SOA架构的系统体系结构和预警产品时空数据库。结合数字城市地理空间框架和ArcGIS技术体系,实现产品规范化、服务发布、服务集成等关键技术。通过典型应用案例的构建和实际应用表明,本研究提出的建设方案能有效地提高产品发布精度、发布时效和覆盖面。 相似文献
17.
An unsustainable state: Contrasting food practices and state policies in the Czech Republic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Petr Jehli?ka 《Geoforum》2011,42(3):362-372
This paper brings together consideration of food policies and practices and of post-socialist transition to raise neglected questions about means of nurturing more sustainable food systems in the developed world. The last three decades have been marked by the growing salience of food as a political and scholarly concern. While market-based alternative food systems have been heralded for their potential to promote environmental sustainability, the benefits of non-market practices such as household food self-provisioning and barter have been assumed rather than being the focus of research. In the western context, both types of food consumption have positive connotations. Although food self-provisioning in European post-socialist societies is a more wide-spread practice than in western societies, it has been on the periphery of research. The existing literature has conceptualised them as ‘coping strategies’ or as a legacy of irregular supply of goods in the state socialist era. Drawing on empirical research in the Czech Republic, we are proposing a novel approach to the phenomenon of household food production in post-socialist societies as a practice compliant with principles of sustainability. First, we highlight the large extent and social inclusivity of food self-provisioning in Czech society to demonstrate how post-socialist societies are a repository of a rich set of sustainability-promoting consumption practices in relation to food systems. Second, we show that international and domestic policy actors in these societies have ignored these alternative, socially inclusive and environmentally effective practices in favour of far less effective market-based sustainability oriented food policy initiatives. The paper promotes a more integrated view of non-market and market approaches in the pursuit of more sustainable food systems. 相似文献
18.
Roland Hischier Francesca Reale Valentina Castellani Serenella Sala 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010
Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale). 相似文献
19.
Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale). 相似文献
20.
Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale). 相似文献