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1.
基于含油污水管道渗漏形成土壤污染区的物性改变，利用高密度电阻率法、自然电位法、探地雷达的方法对污染区进行了探测，试图通过污染区的分布特征确定渗漏点的存在.基于异常区布设的钻孔取样分析资料显示，含油污水的侵入会引起地下粘土层的电阻率增高，随着侵入量的增大电阻率越大，相应的探测电剖面异常区表现为高阻特征；相应位置的自然电位曲线显示低电位特征，探地雷达图像则表现为低频，高幅的特征.基于异常区的分布特征可以确定渗漏点的分布位置.研究结果证实了地球物理方法对此类工业污水污染区探测的可行性. 相似文献
2.
为使物理模拟实验效果与实际探测情形更为接近,在室外自然条件下建立中尺度土壤石油污染实验模型,油污染区扩展深度超过1 m,采用实地探测中常用的500 MHz雷达天线进行长期定时探测.通过实测雷达图像特征、土壤含水量含油量分析,并对比前人开展的小尺度室内模拟试验结果,综合评价探地雷达对油污染区的探测效果.研究表明探地雷达探测图像异常特征与污染区扩散阶段密切相关:包气带内油污染区会引起振幅增强;毛细带的油污染区则表现为水位面反射轴附近清晰可辨的高幅异常区,且水位面反射轴呈下凹状;随扩散过程持续进行,异常区下移与水位面反射轴相交,并产生水平扩张.当污染土含油饱和度大于20%时,可通过雷达图像异常区圈定污染范围;当污染土含油饱和度大于15%时,可通过频谱图出现低频响应的位置圈定污染区水平范围.中尺度实验结果与室内小尺度模拟结果具有一致性,可作为油污染区雷达图像异常的解译依据. 相似文献
3.
从土壤-地下水系统被非水相液体污染后引起的导电性变化、污染区地电模型演化、电阻率异常认识及量化解释等方面分析了国内外利用电阻率法探测这一问题的研究现状.已有研究表明,污染区电性随污染程度、污染时间变化显示一定的动态性;污染区地电模型建立是个复杂过程,不仅反映污染物的扩散过程,还要考虑地质、地下水、土层含水量等影响因素,并随外部条件和时间变化显示一定的动态性;这也决定了实测电剖面异常特征的复杂性.由于基于电测数据的真电阻率获取及污染土电性基本模型建立都尚未解决,利用电性探测结果进行污染量化分析的研究还没有形成统一的认识和结论,这也是未来很长时间内需要攻克的难题. 相似文献
4.
为探讨含水多孔介质被垃圾渗滤液污染后的电阻率模型,实现基于土体电阻率的污染物量化分析,以不同粒径组成、不同初始含水量三种渗滤液污染砂土为样本进行了电阻率测试,基于实验结果对污染砂土电阻率变化机制进行了分析.结果显示污染砂土电阻率普遍随渗滤液侵入量增大呈指数降低;和相同含水程度未污染土相比,污染土电阻率值更低,降低幅度随初始含水量增大而减小.渗滤液污染导致的孔液电阻率变小、孔隙水含量增大是导电性增强的主导因素,与此同时污染过程也存在导致土体导电性降低的因素,降低因子受土的类型和初始含水量控制.涵盖这些因素的Archie型公式可作为渗滤液污染土的电性基本式,进而可利用这个基本式实现土体中污染物含量的量化分析. 相似文献
5.
垃圾填埋场渗漏污染三维分布式电学监测系统研制及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垃圾填埋场建设期将电极传感器网状布设于防渗层下方,垃圾场启用后通过预设电极实现观测区自然电位和地下介质电阻率测试.对比不同时期实测自然电位和视电阻率剖面特征变化,确定垃圾场渗漏与否、渗漏点的位置、数量及渗滤液形成羽状体的空间分布和扩散过程.三维分布式电学监测系统就是基于上述理念设计研制的,包括采集站、供电控制器及传感器系统,可同时完成多个位置点电位测量.粉砂层中渗滤液扩散过程的原位三维电学监测结果显示渗滤液污染区呈现自然电位负异常和低阻特征,低阻异常区分布范围和实际污染区具有良好的对应关系,污染区扩散特征可通过分析低阻异常区变化来确定. 相似文献
6.
油水饱和泥质砂岩中流动电位的研究对于揭示含油储层震电勘探和动电测井的机理有着重要的意义.本文首先从岩石孔隙的微观结构出发,构造了描述水润湿条件下油水饱和泥质砂岩储层的毛管模型.在模型中依据油水流动遵守的Navier-Stokes方程和电化学传质动力学理论,建立了描述油水饱和泥质砂岩流动电位的数学方程,并数学模拟了岩石储渗参数对流动电位频散特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:储层孔隙内流体受到的粘滞力与惯性力控制着水相和油相的流动,从而决定了流动电位的频散特性.随着孔隙度的增大,油水两相各自的有效渗透率均增大;而含水饱和度的升高使得水相有效渗透率增大,油相有效渗透率减小.在水润湿条件下,流动电位耦合系数随含水饱和度升高而增大,随束缚水饱和度的升高而减小.另外,流动电位相对耦合系数也随含水饱和度的升高而增大,但无频散现象. 相似文献
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8.
探地雷达(GPR)主要通过图像方式反映浅地表土壤污染状况,图像异常特征与地层条件、污染物赋存状态、探测参数及背景噪声综合相关.与数值和室内模拟研究时控制条件下所得"理想"剖面不同,实测剖面会受这些因素综合影响,异常特征变得复杂,识别难度增大.本文总结近20年来数十个石油污染土GPR探测实例,以石油污染物不同扩散阶段所呈现的赋存情形进行分类,分析总结相应的GPR探测图像异常,以期找到共性特征,建立污染区GPR异常识别标志.分析结果表明:短期形成的石油污染土常呈现低介电常数和低电导率特征,在包气带内存在时表现为厚度不一、形状不定的高幅异常;在毛细带内存在时表现为潜水面上下分布散落的、相连的斑点状或片状高幅异常;在含水层内存在时则表现为聚集在含水层顶部的反射信号增强的振幅异常区.经历长期生化降解过程的污染土通常呈现高电导率特征,在GPR图像上表现为信号衰减异常.虽然实测剖面异常特征复杂,但在解译时区分污染区扩散阶段和赋存方式将显著提高解译准确度. 相似文献
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PFAS新型污染物是当前环境水文地球物理学的研究热点,但其电阻率特性尚未清楚．为了探究PFAS溶液电特性及砂样含水溶液饱和度与溶液浓度对PFAS污染砂土电阻率的影响．本研究以PFOA为PFAS污染物的代表,设置不同浓度PFOA溶液并改变砂样盒的含水溶液饱和度,利用高密度电法仪监测砂样盒进行电阻率试验,结果表明：（1）砂样被PFOA溶液饱和的过程中,砂样电阻率随着砂样含水溶液饱和度的增大逐渐减小,砂样完全饱和时砂样电阻率值降到最低．对两者之间的关系均可用Archie公式较好拟合,拟合结果的相关系数R2均接近1.(2）在砂样被PFOA溶液完全饱和的状态下,砂样电阻率值会受PFOA溶液浓度的影响．砂样电阻率随溶质浓度的增大呈现幂函数关系的下降,幂函数拟合的相关系数R2值为0.8977,拟合效果较好．（3）在砂样饱和与非饱和过程试验中,砂样电阻率值会随着介质含水溶液饱和度的改变呈相应的动态变化．对于砂样电阻率与介质含水溶液饱和度的关系曲线可以用Archie公式很好的拟合,相关系数R2为0.9980．本研究获取了砂样被PFOA溶液饱和过程中的电阻率数据,并得到了砂样电阻率与多孔介质含水溶液饱和度... 相似文献
10.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染地下含水层及修复过程的三维动态监测实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为实现垃圾填埋场渗滤液在地下含水层中动态扩散及污染层修复过程的实时监测，利用自行设计的三维电学观测系统开展了室内相关监测实验.实验表明渗滤液在含水层中的扩散过程会引起不同时期实测电剖面上低阻异常区的动态变化.对比分析这种变化特征可确定渗滤液扩散区的污染程度、扩散速度及扩散方向.在注水修复过程中，扩散区污染物含量的降低会引起对应区域实测视电阻率值的升高和异常区范围的变化.实验结果对于实现垃圾渗滤液污染地下含水层现状调查及动态监测具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
We present the measured dielectric constant and conductivity of soil samples contaminated by diesel oil. Measurements of the electrical properties of contaminated soil were carried out using a guarded-electrode sample holder and a parallel-plate sample holder in the frequency range 2–250 MHz. Two different soil samples were measured. Both the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the contaminated soils and uncontaminated soils are compared. The measurement results show that the change in the dielectric constant of soils before and after diesel oil contamination is small but significant. These results provide a basis for using ground-penetrating radar or other high-frequency electromagnetic sensors in the detection of soil contamination. 相似文献
12.
We discuss a strategy capable of a quantitative long-term monitoring of water saturation and volume variation of light non-aqueous phase liquids in the soil. The goal was reached monitoring a controlled sand cell contaminated with classical gasoline over 124 days, using geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography, induced polarization and ground penetrating radar. We show that empirical relations, linking the water saturation to the physical parameters measured as resistivity from electrical resistivity tomography and travel time from georadar with advanced processing, are good tools for this purpose. The consistence of the proposed process is validated by both good overlap of results carried out from electrical resistivity tomography and georadar and theoretical models simulating the actual experiment. 相似文献
13.
Zhanshan Xiao Shengwen Zhang Tiexuan Zhang Shihe Zhu Jing Ma 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(6):1027-1033
Based on experiments on rock electrical parameter dispersion properties in both water displacing oil and oil displacing water processes, it is found that the frequency dispersion properties of electrical parameters in water-bearing rocks are quite different from those in oil-bearing rocks. Oil saturation can severely impact the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties and as the oil saturation increases, the properties are more distinguishing. The variation of formation water salinity has a significant effect on the rock resistivity, hence the modulus of the rock complex resistivity varies with water saturation and a U-shaped curve occurs over a single frequency, just like the normal resistivity. However, the effect of formation water salinity on the rock frequency dispersion is less than that of oil saturation. As a result, the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties will have a significant potential of application in the evaluation of watered-out zones as well as identification of oil-bearing zones and water-bearing zones. 相似文献
14.
Three controlled experiments were conducted at the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI) with the purpose of evaluating electrical resistance tomography for imaging underground processes associated with in-situ site assessment and remediation. The OGI facilities are unique: a double-wall tank 10 m square and 5 m deep, filled with river bottom sediments and instrumented for geophysical and hydrological studies. At this facility, liquid contaminants could be released into the confined soil at a scale sufficiently large to represent real-world physical phenomena.In the first test, images of electrical resistivity were made before and during a controlled spill of gasoline into a sandy soil. The primary purpose was to determine if electrical resistivity images could detect the hydrocarbon in either the vadose or saturated zone. Definite changes in electrical resistivity were observed in both the vadose and saturated soils. The effects were an increase in resistivity of as much as 10% above pre-release values. A single resistive anomaly was imaged, directly below the release point, principally within the vadose zone but extending below the phreatic surface. The anomaly remained identifiable in tomograms taken two days after the release ended with clear indications of lateral spreading along the water table.The second test involved electrical resistance measurements before, during, and after air sparging in a saturated soil. The primary purpose was to determine if the electrical images could be used to detect and delineate the extent of the zone influenced by sparging. The images showed an increase of about 20% in resistivity over background values within the sparged zone and the extent of the imaged zone agreed with that inferred from other information.Electrical resistivity tomography measurements were made under a simulated oil storage tank in the third test. Comparison of images taken before and during separate releases of brine and water showed effects of changes induced by the water or brine. The simulated leak and its location were imaged as a conductive anomaly centered near the point of origin and were observed to spread with time during the release. 相似文献
15.
重点阐述了生物表面活性剂清洗土壤有机污染物的机理及影响因素。根据国内外最新文献．对使用生物表面活性剂溶液修复有机物污染土壤的研究进展进行了综述。并展望了生物表面活性剂在清洗土壤有机污染物中的研究前景。 相似文献
16.
A radiomagnetotelluric survey on an oil-contaminated area near the Brazi Refinery, Romania 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Scalar radiomagnetotelluric measurements were carried out on a contaminated test area close to the Brazi Refinery in Romania in order to detect and to monitor a 1 m thick oil layer expected at 5 m depth. Radio transmitters broadcasting in a frequency range from 10 kHz to 300 kHz were selected to observe the apparent resistivity and the phase data associated with the E‐ and B‐polarizations. They were located parallel and perpendicular to the assumed strike direction of the contamination plume. The data were interpreted by a 2D inversion technique from which the conductivity structure of the area was derived. The 2D inversion models of all profiles on the contaminated area show a poor‐conductivity zone above the groundwater table which could be associated with the oil contamination. A first attempt was also made to monitor the contaminated layer: the radiomagnetotelluric measurements were repeated on the same profiles a year later, but this time in a dry period, not in a rainy one. The 2D inversion results of the measurements in the dry period indicate that the high‐resistivity layer moved closer to the surface. Additional reference measurements were then carried out on a non‐contaminated area situated at a distance from the refinery, in the opposite direction to the flow of the groundwater. These reference measurements were used for the derivation of the unperturbed geology and they were also compared with the measurements of the contaminated test area. There is a significant difference in the frequency dependences of the apparent resistivities of the reference and contaminated areas, which could indicate a contamination at shallow depth. The 2D inversion results show the increase of resistivity at a depth of about 5 m beneath the contaminated area where the oil contamination is expected according to the information from the boreholes. 相似文献
17.
Following the basic incubation study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the efficiency of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.), with or without chelating agents, in remediating lead (Pb)‐contaminated soils from actual residential sites where Pb‐based paints were used. Because the primary factor affecting Pb phytoavailability in soils is soil pH, we used two soil types widely varying in pH that have total Pb concentrations above 1500 mg kg?1 soil. Lead‐contaminated, low pH, acidic soils were collected from residential sites in Baltimore, MD and high pH, alkaline soils were collected from residential sites in San Antonio, TX. Based on the soil characterization results, two most appropriate soils (one from each city, having similar Pb levels but variable soil physico‐chemical properties) were selected for this study. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and [S,S′]ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS) were applied at 5, 10, and 15 mmol kg?1 soil. Lead uptake and translocation in vetiver was determined on day 10 after chelants addition. Plant and soil analysis show that EDTA treated soils have maximum Pb uptake and lower total soil Pb levels. Prediction models developed for exchangeable Pb show a strong correlation for total Pb accumulated in vetiver grass. Results of the sequential chemical extraction of the soils at both initial and final time‐points, indicates a significant mobilization of Pb by the two chelants from carbonate‐bound fraction to exchangeable pool. Information on physico‐chemical properties of contaminated residential soils help in predicting Pb phytoextraction and thus further help in calibrating a successful chelant‐assisted phytoremediation model. 相似文献