共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
太湖沉积物中的可培养细菌：Ⅰ.细菌多样性初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用牛肉膏培养基培养,从不同深度的太湖沉积物中共分离得到603个菌落形态不同的菌株,通过数值分析比较了40个形态表征性状,以不加权平均连锁聚类(UPGMA)的方式进行簇群归类,在0.75水平上可分成4个聚类群和51个亚群,从51个亚群中各随机选取一个菌株,测定其16SrDNA部分序列(约540bp)并据此进行分析,表明这些菌株分别属于Firmicutes、Actinobacteria、γ-Proteobacteria这三大类群,与数据库中已知的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、迪茨菌属(Dietzia)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌具有很高的相似性,其中迪茨菌属在国内淡水湖泊沉积物中为首次报道. 相似文献
2.
太湖沉积物中的可培养细菌:Ⅰ.细菌多样性初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用牛肉膏培养基培养,从不同深度的太湖沉积物中共分离得到603个菌落形态不同的菌株,通过数值分析比较了40个形态表征性状,以不加权平均连锁聚类（UPGMA）的方式进行簇群归类,在0．75水平上可分成4个聚类群和51个亚群．从51个亚群中各随机选取一个菌株,测定其16SrDNA部分序列（约540bp）并据此进行分析,表明这些菌株分别属于Firmicutes、Actinobacteria、γ-Proteobacteria这三大类群,与数据库中已知的芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、类芽孢杆菌属（PaenibaciHus）、微球菌属（Micrococcus）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、迪茨菌属（Dietzia）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）细菌具有很高的相似性．其中迪茨菌属在国内淡水湖泊沉积物中为首次报道． 相似文献
3.
武汉东湖沉积物中重金属生物有效性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
沉积物中的酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)是预测厌氧沉积物中重金属生物有效性的重要参数,SEM/AVS大于1时沉积物中重金属具有潜在生物毒性,小于1时则无生物有效性. 本文研究了东湖三个不同污染负荷的站点的同步提取金属SEM(Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Ag, Cr)和SEM/AVS的深度分布,研究表明东湖沉积物中主要重金属是Zn, Cr和Cu,约占SEM总量的90%. I站、II站沉积物中AVS是重金属生物有效性的主控因子之一,对重金属的深度分布影响较大,重金属不具有生物有效性;III站沉积物中AVS对重金属的深度分布影响较小,重金属具有潜在的生物毒性. 相关分析表明,I站、II站沉积物中Cr、Ni、Ag、Cd与AVS在P<0.05有显著性相关,AVS对这些金属的深度分布具有更强的控制作用;虽然两站沉积物中Cr的含量差别不大,东湖I站沉积物中Cr/AVS比值(0.02)显著高于II站(0.003),沉积物中Cr与硫化物的结合主要是受还原反应的影响. 相似文献
4.
太湖磷转化细菌与水体磷形态关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
太湖水体中不同形态磷含量与磷转化细菌的关系研究结果显示:太湖水体中总磷和活性磷的含量分别为0.113mg,L和O.O11mg/L;无机磷和有机磷分解菌在底泥中达6.73x103cells/g,而在水体中仅为71cells/m1,且存在明显的时间和空间差异;根据菌落形态特征,分离筛选了3株有代表性的无机磷转化菌和7株占优势的有机磷分解菌.3tt无机磷转化菌经鉴定分别与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、假单孢菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)比较接近.而7株有机磷分解菌则分别与为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thurigiensts)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus SP.)、无芽孢杆菌(Bacterium sp.)、氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simples)接近;太湖水体中磷分解细菌主要归属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas),对细菌降解性能进行研究的结果显示:无机磷分解细菌对太湖水体活性磷的贡献显著大于有机磷分解细菌的贡献率. 相似文献
5.
官厅水库沉积物中解磷细菌垂直分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
通过对官厅水库沉积物中磷含量及在不同温度和pH条件下解磷细菌的垂直分布特征进行研究,发现沉积物中磷含量以中间层最高,表层次之,底层最低;沉积物中存在着丰富的解磷细菌,其中35cm层中最多,5cm层中次之,69cm层中最少,不同层次其数量与磷含量呈正相关关系.采用钼蓝比色法与超声波破碎法相结合研究解磷细菌的解磷能力,发现部分解磷细菌还能在体内过量贮存磷,而且温度较低时聚磷能力比较强,温度较高时则解磷能力强,这可能是因为环境变化引起细菌解磷和聚磷的交替作用使水体中的磷含量有所变化,进而影响水质的变化.采用16SrDNA扩增、测序的方法鉴定了13株解磷能力较强的菌株,发现属于芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、微杆菌属等,聚类分析表明在相同条件下分离到的菌株在系统发育上关系更密切. 相似文献
6.
慕士塔格冰芯可培养细菌的数量分布和主要菌群结构随深度的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对帕米尔慕士塔格浅冰芯(22.4 m)中可培养细菌的数量分布和主要菌株的16S rRNA基因进行了详细地分析. 结果表明, 细菌数量呈现出波动性变化, 从污化层融水中分离出较多的细 菌, 说明冰芯微生物随风和降雪进入冰川, 其数量与沙尘输送具有密切的对应关系. 绝大部分细菌是耐冷菌和嗜冷菌, 包括α-, γ-紫细菌、嗜冷菌、噬纤维菌/黄杆菌/拟杆菌和高G+C%革兰氏阳性细菌 (HGC)等5个分类组. 其中, 不动杆菌属和HGC菌群在不同深度重复出现, 其数量分布与细菌总数变化具有很好的对应关系, 代表了主要指示菌; 其他如黄杆菌属、嗜冷菌属和α-紫细菌为次要指示菌, 揭示了细菌菌群对气候环境变化的响应. 研究了冰芯细菌的连续性数量变化和主要菌群的演替. 相似文献
7.
五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种． 相似文献
8.
通过16S rDNA克隆文库构建、PCR-RFLP分析等方法,对西太平洋“暖池”区海床以下230cm深度的沉积物中的细菌类群组成进行了分析．结果表明该海区深部沉积物中的细菌类群主要包括弘变形菌（Proteobacteria）,β-变形菌、CFB类群（Cytophaga／Flexibacteria／Bacteroides）、酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）和革兰氏阳性菌等,各个类群的菌属组成均较为简单．其中讲变形菌为最优势菌群,卢变形菌为次优势菌群,它们的优势菌种分别为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas paucimobilis）和产碱假单胞菌（Pseudomonasalc aligenes）．CFB类群中的细菌种类较为单一,主要为黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）．革兰氏阳性菌在该深度沉积物中的数量也较多,主要为地芽孢杆菌属（Geobacillus）．对细菌类群的分析表明西太平洋“暖池”区该深度的沉积物中仍然存在较为丰富的有机物质,而这些深部生物圈中的细菌在“暖池”区海底沉积物环境的氮循环中可能起着重要的作用． 相似文献
9.
武汉东湖沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)的深度分布及其影响因素 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
提要沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)是硫化物的生成、氧化和扩散等综合作用的反映，有机物的供给、硫酸盐的还原等因素都能影响其分布特征。本文对武汉东湖三个污染程度不同站点的AVS深度分布特征进行了研究，结果表明，AVS含量在一定深度沉积物中具有最大值，东湖沉积物中AVS的深度分布具有两种不同的模式，Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站AVS浓度峰在5cm左右的表层沉积物中，且AVS还原层深度较狭窄，而Ⅲ站AVS浓度峰处于10-20cm深度范围，沉积物中有机质负荷的差异是导致这种分布特征的重要原因。沉积物中有机质含量对AVS的深度分布具有重要影响，高有机质负荷导致AVS浓度峰向表层迁移，且AVS还原层分布于较狭窄的深度范围，对方涛等对流-扩散模型的应用表明，该模型在高有机质负荷沉积物中(Ⅰ、Ⅱ站)AVS深度分布的应用较为理想，然而低有机质负荷沉积物中(Ⅲ站)不能准确反映AVS的深度分布特征，说明其应用范围具有一定的局限性。 相似文献
10.
11.
In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
12.
Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
13.
Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
14.
15.
3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
19.
20.
This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献