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大布苏湖地貌——沉积类型与湖泊演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
大布苏湖地处松嫩平原南部，是一个封闭的构造断湖，湖区山貌类型复杂，沉积环境独具特色，根据地形面的分层和特征，结合^14C测年，确定大布苏湖形成于晚更新世晚期，湖泊形成的早期，曾经历了深湖的发育阶段，全新世以来，湖面波动式下降，并有两次规模较大的扩张和收缩时期，形成了两个完整的湖进、湖退沉积旋回、晚全新世以来，气候干燥，风力作用活跃，湖面明显萎缩，形成我国东部地区极为罕见的盐湖。 相似文献
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气候变化对湖库水环境的潜在影响研究进展 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
本文着重归纳气候变化对湖库热力特性、冰期、溶解氧、营养盐、浮游植物和水生植物等方面的影响规律,探讨气候变化对湖库水环境潜在影响的区域差异,讨论现有研究方法的优缺点和发展前景.研究表明,气候变暖对湖库物理过程的影响最为显著;热带草原气候和温带海洋性气候对于气候变暖和降雨变化的响应较其他气候类型突出;气候变化对湖库水环境的影响效果具有两面性.通过分析各气候类型中气候变暖对磷水平的潜在影响差异表明,亚热带季风气候的湖库更可能受气候变暖的影响趋于富营养状态.在今后研究中,建议深入开展各气候类型中区域性气候变化对湖库水环境影响的实例研究. 相似文献
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湖平面变化是影响陆相湖盆沉积与资源赋存、陆地碳收支及环境生态演化的重要因子.湖平面波动受气候作用明显,早侏罗世处在冰室、(超)温室气候动荡期,发生了全球性大洋缺氧(托阿尔期,～183Ma)和气候变冷等极端气候事件(普林斯巴赫期,～185Ma).为研究气候动荡背景下湖平面演化及地球表层水循环和调控机制,选取柴达木盆地早侏罗世湖相连续沉积记录,采用岩石粉末色度(CIE b*)序列开展米兰科维奇旋回分析,建立了基于东特提斯陆相沉积记录的早侏罗世天文年代标尺(～174.2Ma至～190.9Ma),通过沉积噪声模型重建盆地相对湖平面变化曲线,发现5～10Myr尺度湖平面变化响应于长趋势气候演化及极端气候事件; 1～2.5Myr尺度湖平面波动显著受控于天文轨道气候作用(～2.4Myr偏心率和～1.2Myr斜率周期).其中,普林斯巴赫期～1.2Myr湖平面周期波动与全球海平面呈“同相位”共变,～1.2Myr斜率周期通过控制极地地区存在的间歇性或永久性冰盖生长和消亡影响全球海平面及湖平面升降;托阿尔期～1.2Myr湖平面波动与全球海平面呈“反相位”关系,在(超)温室气候期极地地区不存在明显冰盖情况下,... 相似文献
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晚第四纪中亚高山湖泊的演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中亚晚第四纪商山湖泊的演化受到复杂的气候波动釤响，主要由水汽的变化、湖盆冰川作用和径流与 流址的变化而引起的。冷干条件伴随右融水补给的减少和湖退；暖湿条件引起了冰川的后退，增加了融水补给，引起湖进。分布于不同海抜高度的天山和帕米尔竑原地区的湖泊，普遍处于较干旱的环境中，通过对湖盆地貌学、冰川和湖泊沉积物的分布和成份的研究、以及对湖泊沉积物的孢粉分析和埋藏植物碎屑的l4C年代测定，可以里违晚贝新世以来益山湖泊的演化阶段和中亚高山区的古地理环堍。22000-17000a B.P.，天山查特尔库尔湖和帕米尔喀拉湖为外流淡水湖，面积超过目前的2-3倍。湖泊沉积物中孢粉以干草原植被为主，反映气候较暖湿。16000-11000a B.P.，冻川活动达到极盛，气候寒冷、干燥，湖泊干涸、消失。孢粉频率低，以旱生植物花粉为主。10000-8000a B.P.，温度、湿度提中湿植物和蒿属相对藜科增加，开始湖进。查特尔库尔湖水位较今高12m，面积超过现今3倍；8000—4000a B.P.，天山和东帕米尔的湖盆气侯相对暖湿。4000—3500a B.P.，气候变干，旱生植物花粉增加。3000a B.P.以来以气候干旱化为特征，植被以高山干草原和草原-荒漠为主。1500a B.P.以来气候更趋干早，干旱植物花粉增加，湖水位下降，一直持续至今。据历史和考古资料，公元14-16世纪天山气候暖干化，发生湖退；17—18世纪天山和帕米尔湿度增加，出现湖进。目前该地区湖水位普遍处于下降时期，仅若干冰融水补给湖泊有湖进的迹象。 相似文献
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青藏高原东部兴措湖生物壳体元素及同位素记录的气候环境信息 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对青藏高原东部若尔盖盆地兴措湖50年来Gyraulus sibirica壳体元素及同位素分析，并与器测气象资料的比较，建立了兴措湖记录与对应的降水和气温间的函数关系，探讨了湖泊记录所指示的气候环境意义，结果表明：青藏高原东部兴措湖地区腹足类生物在夏半年形成壳体，它所记录的是夏半年而不是全年的气候环境信息，Gyraulus Sibria壳体Mg/Ca比及δ^18O指标与夏半年气温有一定的相关性，其中壳体δ^18O指标对气温变化更敏感，δ^18O与夏半年气温滑动平均间的变率为1．64‰／℃，均值比为0．28‰/℃，Sr/Ca比，δ^13C指标与夏半年的降水量关系较密切，尤其是Sr/Ca比随降水量波动呈显著相关变化，Sr/Ca变化与降水间的平均变率（d(Sr/Ca)/dP)为－0．045/mm。 相似文献
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青海湖流域近六百年来的气候变化与湖水位下降原因 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
根据青海湖流域及其邻近地区树木年轮资料重建的历史时期气候资料序列,给出了流域近六百年来的主要冷、暖、干、湿期,并对器测时期的气候变化趋势作了分析。指出,近百年来气候暖干化是造成湖水位下降的主要原因;对于湖水位年际变化与前期降水影响系统、不同气候类型以及地面气象要素的关系作了统计分析。 相似文献
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内蒙古额济纳旗嘎顺淖尔XK1孔揭示的第四纪晚期沉积特点及古环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对嘎顺淖尔XK1孔沉积岩芯的岩性特征及多种环境代用指标的综合分析,初步认为:中更新世早中期,29．6 -42．5m(推测时代为距今218．3 kaBP以前),气候温凉偏干,滨湖与洪积相交替;距今218．3-172．8 kaBP气候温凉偏湿, 湖泊面积扩大,以滨浅湖-浅湖沉积为主,并一度出现半深湖环境;距今172．8-93．4 kaBP,沉积环境为湖滨相与洪积相交替,气候特点是冷凉干旱;距今93．4-67．4 kaBP,沉积环境以淡水浅湖为主,夹湖滨相．气候温偏湿;距今67．4-54．0 kaBP ,湖滨相沉积为主,气候温凉偏干;距今54-48．9 kaBP,气候暖湿的浅湖环境,气温较高;距今48．9-42．6 kaBP,凉而且干旱的气候特点,沉积相为湖滨相;42．6-0 kaBP,气候暖湿、凉干交替,浅湖相为主． 相似文献
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高海拔地区由于特殊的自然环境对气候变化和营养输入的响应十分敏感.在人类活动逐渐加强的背景下，高山湖泊高分辨率的沉积物记录了人与自然相互作用的演变过程.选取云南西北部典型高山湖泊——错恰湖，获取长度37 cm的连续湖泊沉积序列，基于铅铯测年法得到年代深度模型，并对湖芯样品进行总有机碳、总氮及正构烷烃的多指标测定和元素测量，结合气象监测数据探讨分析错恰湖的有机质来源和流域环境演化特征.根据气候代用指标的变化，两百年来错恰湖泊环境及区域气候演化可以分成4个主要阶段：1807-1900年：湖泊水位上升、湖面扩大，有机质丰度下降，有机质以外源贡献为主，内源比例上升；1900-1950年：湖泊水位开始下降、湖面收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源有机质来源增加；1950-1982年：湖泊水位下降、湖面进一步收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源输入比例继续增加；1982-2007年：湖泊水位下降、湖面收缩，有机质含量上升且以陆源输入为主，同时内源贡献比例开始增加.在元素测定结果中，人类活动对应了湖泊沉积重金属含量变化的3个阶段：1950年以前，重金属含量低且稳定，可视作自然背景阶段，人类影响忽略不计；1950年以后，湖泊流域工农业逐渐发展，人为干扰凸显；直到1982年以后，冶炼工业的进步加强了重金属的污染态势，并通过大气传输沉降被湖泊沉积物记录.错恰湖沉积记录的分析讨论在总结该区域气候环境演化历史的同时，加深了对气候人类活动湖泊生态系统相互作用过程的理解，为高山湖泊响应人类活动影响提供了证据. 相似文献
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近20年青海湖湖水面积变化遥感 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
采用NOAA/AVHRR资料,对青海湖湖面进行水体判识,并利用线性混合模式对混合象元进行处理,定量估算了近20年青海湖湖水面积并分析了变化趋势,表明近20年青海湖湖水面积在不断减小,每年减少约4km2,并且青海湖干涸部分主要在其北部.进一步采用主成分分析和回归分析方法对青海湖地区降水、气温和蒸发量做了初步气候分析,表明青海湖地区降水减少、气温升高、蒸发量增加是青海湖湖水面积逐年减少的主要原因. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献