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1.
中日规范中关于液化和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计考虑之比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
评述了我国液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计规范。总结了中日两国液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基的抗震设计方法与技术细节,阐述了日本规范中液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计中的液化地基土反力折减系数的确定方法,以及土体液化侧向扩流对桩作用力的计算模式。指出我国规范中在液化和侧向扩流场地桩的抗震分析方法、不同土层分界处桩的抗震措施、桩的竖向承载力及桩的屈曲稳定性分析等方面存在的主要问题,据此给出了亟待改进的初步建议。这对我国桥梁工程的抗震安全性具有重要意义,可供我国工程技术人员参考借鉴。 相似文献
2.
《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(1)
震害调查表明,强震下液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基破坏严重。为此,国内外学者针对液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震问题开展了大量卓有成效的研究尝试。本文系统总结并评述了液化侧扩流场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用的基本规律、力学机理、荷载特征与失效机制及其影响因素等的研究成果,全面阐述了液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震方面的试验、分析方法与数值模拟技术的最新进展,并指出这类场地桩基抗震研究尚存在的主要问题与亟待解决的难题。这项工作对我国桥梁工程的抗震安全性具有重要意义,可供我国研究人员与工程师参考借鉴。 相似文献
3.
根据已经完成的液化侧向扩展场地-群桩基础-上部结构体系大型振动台试验,在有限元软件OpenSees中建立了可液化倾斜场地振动台试验的有限元模型。通过与试验结果对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性。基于此,建立了典型水平和倾斜液化场地-桩基-桥梁结构体系的数值模型,讨论了双向地震作用下水平和倾斜场地体系地震响应的差异,结果表明:相比水平场地,倾斜场地超孔隙水压力在峰值阶段波动幅度更大,土体的侧向位移增加明显,尤其是在饱和砂土中部位置;倾斜场地中桩基础的破坏程度更大,可液化层中部桩基曲率最大可增大约13倍,桩身水平位移显著增加;而水平场地桥墩曲率比倾斜场地桥墩曲率大,建议在液化场地桩基设计中应考虑场地倾斜带来的影响。 相似文献
4.
液化场地桥梁群桩基抗震分析简化方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于已完成的液化场地土—桩—桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验,利用两步法、等效单桩法,建立了液化场地群桩基础抗震分析的动力非线性文克尔地基梁模型。该模型考虑了桩—土相互作用的影响。首先,按照等刚度原则将群桩简化为等效单桩;其次,选用弹簧元件和阻尼原件并联的宏单元模拟桩—土动力相互作用;然后,计算地震作用下自由场地的土体位移和孔压比;最后,将地震作用下自由场地土体位移和孔压比作为模型的外部激励,计算桩的动力反应规律。将简化方法计算结果与液化场地桥梁桩基振动台试验结果进行对比发现,两者吻合较好,验证了简化方法的正确性。 相似文献
5.
桥台是连接桥梁和路堤的重要结构,在桥梁的整个结构中占据了极其重要的位置。桥台破坏不仅引起自身功能丧失,还可能引发落梁等震害,并最终导致桥梁垮塌。而位于液化场地中的桥台,地震对其影响非常严重。目前国内对桥台震害的研究与我国快速发展的桥梁建设相比仍然不足。在查阅了大量国内外文献资料的基础上,针对液化场地桥台地震破坏模式的研究现状进行深入分析,总结了目前关于液化场地桥台震害破坏原因及破坏模式影响因素等问题的研究成果,论述了目前研究中存在的问题及以后的研究方向,探讨了地震区桥台震害研究领域需要解决的问题。 相似文献
6.
目前,我国尚缺乏液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用分析的合理数值模型与简化分析方法。鉴于此,直接针对振动台试验,基于非线性文克尔地基梁模型,考虑桩周参振土的质量惯性力、上部结构的惯性力、土体辐射阻尼等效应,建立了液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用的p-y曲线分析模型,并给出相应的简化方法。针对振动台试验进行了0.1g El Centro波输入下的分析,验证了桩-土地震相互作用分析方法的正确性,并且推荐了计算参数的合理选取方法,可用于液化场地桩-土地震相互作用的分析。提出的液化场地桩-土地震相互作用p-y曲线简化分析方法,为实际桥梁桩基抗震设计与分析提供一定参考。 相似文献
7.
冲刷造成桩周土体的剥蚀将会削弱土体对桩基的侧向支撑能力,冲刷效应会对桥梁桩基的地震易损性产生影响,因此有必要对冲刷和地震共同作用下桥梁桩基的易损性进行研究。利用SAP2000软件建立三维桥梁有限元模型,通过非线性时程分析得到桥梁桩基地震响应峰值。采用概率性地震需求分析方法,建立不同冲刷深度下桥梁桩基地震易损性模型,在地震易损性函数假设为对数正态分布函数的基础上,通过回归分析得到概率模型中的参数,进而得到不同冲刷深度下桥梁桩基在不同破坏状态所对应的地震易损性曲线,并分析冲刷深度对桩基破坏概率的影响。研究结果表明:随着冲刷深度的增加,桥梁桩基在地震作用下的破坏概率显著增加。 相似文献
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9.
《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(5)
基于OpenSees计算软件建立液化微倾场地群桩-土动力相互作用有限元模型,分析液化微倾场地饱和砂土p-y曲线特性,系统研究了场地倾斜角度、桩径、地震作用幅值和基桩位置对饱和砂土动力p-y曲线特性影响。研究表明:土体即将液化时,桩基土反力达到峰值;土体液化后,土体表现出了流体特性;土反力峰值、桩土相对位移峰值和初始刚度随场地倾斜角度增加而增大;桩径越大,液化砂土的耗能效应越明显;随着地震作用幅值的增加,桩土相对位移峰值和土反力峰值也随之增加;液化微倾场地上坡桩受到的土体侧向流动力大于下坡桩。 相似文献
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11.
This paper presents the results of a large-scale shake table test at E-Defense facility on a pile group located adjacent to a gravity-type quay wall and were subjected to liquefaction-induced large ground displacements. Extensive liquefaction-induced large ground lateral spreading displaced the quay wall about 2.2 m and damaged the pile foundation. The pile foundation consisted of a six-pile group which supported a footing and a superstructure model. Large lateral soil displacements were measured by several sensors such as inclinometers and the results favorably agreed with the directly observed deformations. Soil lateral displacement decreased as the distance from the quay wall increased landward. The piles were densely instrumented and the measured bending strain records were able to explain the damage to the piles. Lateral pressures of the liquefied soil exerted on the piles were measured using earth pressure (EP) sensors. The application of two design guidelines (JRA [1] and JSWA [2]) for estimation of liquefaction-induced lateral pressure on piles is discussed and their advantages and shortcomings are addressed. Furthermore, two simplified methods (Shamoto et al. [3] and Valsamis et al. [4]) are employed to predict the extent of liquefaction-induced large ground displacements and they are compared to the measured deformations. Finally, their accuracy for predicting the liquefaction-induced lateral displacements is evaluated and practical recommendations are made. 相似文献
12.
Effects of structural characterizations on fragility functions of bridges subject to seismic shaking and lateral spreading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper evaluates the seismic vulnerability of different classes of typical bridges in California when subjected to seismic shaking or liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The detailed structural configurations in terms of superstructure type, connection, continuity at support and foundation type, etc. render different damage resistant capability. Six classes of bridges are established based on their anticipated failure mechanisms under earthquake shaking. The numerical models that are capable of simulating the complex soil-structure interaction effects, nonlinear behavior of columns and connections are developed for each bridge class. The dynamic responses are obtained using nonlinear time history analyses for a suite of 250 earthquake motions with increasing intensity. An equivalent static analysis procedure is also implemented to evaluate the vulnerability of the bridges when subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Fragility functions for each bridge class are derived and compared for both seismic shaking （based on nonlinear dynamic analyses） and lateral spreading （based on equivalent static analyses） for different performance states. The study finds that the fragility functions due to either ground shaking or lateral spreading show significant correlation with the structural characterizations, but differences emerge for ground shaking and lateral spreading conditions. Structural properties that will mostly affect the bridges＇ damage resistant capacity are also identified. 相似文献
13.
Alexandros I. ValsamisGeorge D. Bouckovalas Yannis K. Chaloulos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2012,34(1):99-110
Extensive damage to pile-supported structures has been witnessed in several recent earthquakes (Chi-Chi, 1999; Kobe, 1995, etc.), as a result of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading of slightly sloping ground or free-face topographic irregularities. This paper presents a parametric analysis of the basic pile and soil parameters, as well as the pile-soil interaction mechanisms affecting the response of single piles subjected to such lateral spreading, based on numerical simulation with the nonlinear P-y method. In parallel, a set of design charts and analytical relations is established, for approximate computation of maximum pile deflections and bending moments, using a “theory guided” multi-variable statistical analysis of the numerical predictions. Three different combinations (design cases) of pile head constraints and soil conditions were considered, which are commonly encountered in practice. The overall accuracy of the proposed analytical relations is evaluated against experimental results from seven centrifuge and five large shaking table experiments. 相似文献
14.
液化场地上土体侧向变形对桩基影响研究评述 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
总结了地震作用下桩基震害现象以及桩-土-结构动力相互作用、液化引起地面侧向扩展对桩基的影响方面理论模型和分析方法的研究现状,指出了存在的问题,讨论了今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
15.
R. Uzuoka M. Cubrinovski H. Sugita M. Sato K. Tokimatsu N. Sento M. Kazama F. Zhang A. Yashima F. Oka 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(6):436-452
The 1995 Kobe earthquake seriously damaged numerous buildings with pile foundations adjacent to quay walls. The seismic behavior of a pile group is affected by movement of quay walls, pile foundations, and liquefied backfill soil. For such cases, a three-dimensional (3-D) soil–water coupled dynamic analysis is a promising tool to predict overall behavior. We report predictions of large shake table test results to validate 3-D soil–water coupled dynamic analyses, and we discuss liquefaction-induced earth pressure on a pile group during the shaking in the direction perpendicular to ground flow. Numerical analyses predicted the peak displacement of footing and peak bending moment of the group pile. The earth pressure on the pile in the crustal layer is most important for the evaluation of the peak bending moment along the piles. In addition, the larger curvatures in the bending moment distribution along the piles at the water side in the liquefied ground were measured and predicted. 相似文献
16.
近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形机理及软化模量分析方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文依据震害现象和实验探讨近岸水平场地地面液化侧向大变形机理，改进现有软化模量分析技术，给出一套地面液化侧向大变形的分析方法。近岸水平场地侧向大变形机理因地基中孔隙水压力升高、土体模量衰减、土骨架变软使偏应变得到充分发展所致，其水平永久侧移可用从底部到顶部呈增加形式的整体变形描述。利用本文方法，对1995年阪神地震中近岸沉箱岸壁和土体液化侧向大变形进行了数值模拟，结果与震后实测结果和试验结果在主要特征上一致，说明改进的软化模量法可以用于地面液化侧向大变形的分析。 相似文献
17.
为深入研究液化场地梁的约束对桥台震害模式的影响,首先在对唐山地震中胜利桥震害调查的基础上,采用有限元软件UWLC对该桥震害进行数值模拟分析,并将数值模拟结果与实际震害结果进行对比验证。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实际震害结果基本一致,说明采用UWLC软件进行震害数值模拟分析是可行的。然后对有、无桩基条件下梁的约束力和液化层厚度对桥台震害模式的影响分别进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,桥梁发生落梁破坏后会导致桥台的滑移破坏更为严重。与无桩基的重力式桥台不同,桩基桥台的震害模式均表现为前倾式破坏,这主要是因为桩基础限制了桥台底部的水平移动。梁的约束力对桩基桥台震后残余位移的影响程度要明显小于无桩基桥台。对于重力式桥台,液化砂层对地震波的中高频段有一定滤波作用,反映出液化层的减震作用;而对于桩基桥台,由于桩-土-台身的相互作用,液化砂层的减震效果不明显。 相似文献
18.
Collapse and/or severe damage to pile-supported structures are still observed in liquefiable soils after most major earthquakes.
Poor performance of pile foundations remains a great concern to the earthquake engineering community. This review paper compares
and contrasts the two plausible theories on pile failure in liquefiable soils. The well established theory of pile failure
is based on a flexural mechanism; where the lateral loads on the pile (due to inertia and/or lateral spreading) induce bending
failure. This theory is well researched in the recent past and assumes that piles are laterally loaded beams. A more recent
theory based on buckling instability treats the piles as laterally unsupported slender columns in liquefiable soils and investigates
the buckling instability (bifurcation). The objective of this paper is to investigate the implications to practical pile foundation
design that flow from both these theories. Provisions for design made by major international codes of practice for pile design
including the Japanese Highway Code (JRA) will be considered. The necessity for such codes to consider alternative forms of
failure mechanisms such as the buckling instability of piles in liquefied ground will be discussed.
S. Bhattacharya–Previously Departmental Lecturer in Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK and Fellow of Somerville
College, Oxford. S. P. G. Madabhushi–Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge. 相似文献
19.
C. Hsein Juang Haiming Yuan David Kun Li Susan Hui Yang Raymond A. Christopher 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(5):403-411
An empirical procedure for estimating the severity of liquefaction-induced ground damage at or near foundations of existing buildings is established. The procedure is based on an examination of 30 case histories from recent earthquakes. The data for these case histories consist of observations of the damage that resulted from liquefaction, and the subsurface soil conditions as revealed by cone penetration tests. These field observations are used to classify these cases into one of three damaging effect categories, ‘no damage’, ‘minor to moderate damage’, and ‘major damage’. The potential for liquefaction-induced ground failure at each site is calculated and expressed as the probability of ground failure. The relationship between the probability of ground failure and the damage class is established, which allows for the evaluation of the severity of liquefaction-induced ground damage at or near foundations. The procedure presented herein represents a significant attempt to address the issue of liquefaction effect. Caution must be exercised, however, when using the proposed model and procedure for estimating liquefaction damage severity, because they are developed based on limited number of case histories. 相似文献
20.
本文研究了框架结构的楼梯在汶川地震中出现的多种震害状况,如梯段板的断裂,框架角柱的短柱破坏,楼梯间梯柱、平台梁和平台板等构件的破坏。结合《建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)》部分规定和工程中楼梯的设计方法,分析了震害出现的原因,指出了GB 50011-2001规范中有关楼梯设计方法和构造措施的不足,给出了今后框架结构中楼梯设计和施工的相关建议。 相似文献